Speak English fluently: product analysis report

"Speak English fluently" is an oral English learning application that combines innovative oral English teaching concepts with cutting-edge voice assessment technology, and it is a software designed to make you speak English. The article is mainly aimed at the product analysis report of fluent English speaking. Let’s take a look ~

According to the "White Paper on Online Foreign Language Education for Adults in China in 2017" released by the well-known third-party research institution iResearch on Hujiang, the largest Internet learning platform in the United Nations, it can be known that online education in China in 2017 is in a transitional stage of initial maturity.

In 2017, the market size of online language education in China is expected to reach 37.56 billion yuan, and the number of users will exceed 26 million. In the future, the market size and user size of online language education will continue to grow, but the growth rate will gradually decrease. It is expected that the market size will reach 52.35 billion yuan in 2019.

According to iResearch, the growth of online language education market is mainly influenced by several factors:

  1. The course is easy to be standardized and reproducible, which is conducive to reducing costs;
  2. The recognition of online education users is increasing, and interactive learning with foreign teachers can create real-time usage scenarios, improve language usage and attract more users;
  3. The digitalization of users’ learning behavior has been further improved, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence have been continuously combined with online education, and personalized learning has been gradually realized;
  4. Differentiated products in the online language education segmentation field are more abundant, and more traditional offline education enterprises are accelerating their online transformation.

According to the Baidu index search for "English Fluency", it can be found that from December 6, 2017 to June 3, 2018, the average number of daily searches for this APP nationwide reached.1712Time. In the search results in English, the daily average is7067Fluent English speaking accounts for as much as English search.24.23%That is, almost every four people search for English, and one is searching for English to speak fluently.

There may be the following reasons for this effect:

  1. Its own marketing promotion is better;
  2. The quality of its own products is relatively good, forming a word of mouth.

In addition, according to the iResearch APP search index, it can be found that the number of independent devices in April 2018 reached 3.65 million.

Since June 2017, the number of independent devices has also been on the rise. And from the data of iResearch, we can know that fluent in English has been in the fifth position in language education since October 2017.

From the monthly total effectiveness, it can often be seen that it has been steadily rising since June 2017. Effective and continuous growth shows that the product creates useful value for users, and users will use the APP for a long time, which also shows that the content quality of fluent English is relatively high.

Fluency in English is an English teaching APP that uses artificial intelligence technology for English learners to speak English anytime and anywhere. The product concept is "Make you can’t help but speak English".

(1) Gender
Female users are 62.20%, while male users are only 37.8%. Female users occupy the main part, which may be caused by women’s stronger interest in English learning and stronger desire to learn English.

(2) Age

The age distribution is mainly under 30 years old, accounting for a total of 76.5%, which also shows that the whole English learning users are younger.

Looking at the age distribution from Baidu’s search index, we will find that most people are over 30, but not many people are under 30.

At first glance, it seems contradictory, but think about it carefully. Why is it that the search age group is mainly over 30 years old, while the actual users are mainly under 30 years old?

From the two age distribution maps, we can find that: mainlyThis phenomenon is caused by the uneven distribution of people under the age of 20.I think the possible reasons are as follows:

  1. When the products are promoted, they are mainly aimed at parents. Parents have more opportunities to speak English fluently and pay for their children to learn English.
  2. Parents actively search for good English learning tools for their children.
  3. Students use the product, and the learning effect is good, which has formed a word of mouth among parents, so the number of parents’ searches has increased, and the opportunities for their children to use it have increased.

Looking for applications from parents’ search, children think about using App, and this age distribution coincides.

(3) geographical distribution
From the geographical distribution, we can see that Guangdong Province is the main province, accounting for 11.18%, while the utilization rate in Shanghai is actuallyOnly 3.23%. I feel a little strange about this, because I am fluent in saying that the company is in Shanghai, and the publicity and communication of general companies in the local area have higher priority.

Therefore, the publicity coverage in Shanghai should be broader and more comprehensive. In the case of good content quality, more users should be reached and more users should be normal.

Of course, this does not rule out the possibility that Shanghai students have strong English ability and there is no need to use tools to learn.

On the whole, there are relatively few users outside the whole user group in northwest China, such as Tibet and Xinjiang, which may be caused by two aspects:

  1. The development of education in this area is slow, people’s learning can’t keep up, and the concept of learning English is far from each other.
  2. For the product strategy, it may not be involved in the publicity and communication in these areas at present.

  • User type 1:English beginners. Li Lei, male, 7-year-old, a student, is a beginner who has just come into contact with English. In order to let their children form a good habit of learning English since childhood, parents hope to have an application to accompany their children and guide them to learn correctly.
  • User type 2:English test taker. Zhang Yuqiong, female, 22 years old, a junior, has been studying English, preparing for CET 4 and CET4,6 and preparing for the TOEFL test abroad later, hoping that there will be an application that will keep her going and get good feedback;
  • User type 3:Job demanders. Liu Yi, male, 27 years old, has worked for 3 years. In the IT Internet industry, the company has an opportunity to go abroad for further study, which requires that it must be able to communicate in English, so I hope I can learn English better in the trivial time of commuting.
  • User type 4:English lovers. Sun Xiang, female, 22 years old, is an English lover. She usually likes to watch American TV series, but she can’t understand the original character, so she can’t deeply experience the hero’s emotions. She also likes to travel, and especially hopes to travel abroad alone. I want to accumulate English learning slowly and improve my oral English ability in my usual time.

The business model canvas of fluent English is divided into 9 parts:

(1) Product valueProvide fun, interesting and effective oral learning methods, and provide personalized content and plans for each user. The value part of the product is the core of the whole business model, and it is the key to determine whether the whole English fluency can gain benefits. Good product value will eventually form word of mouth and eventually turn into benefits.

(2) Users:Product user groups are mainly four types of users drawn from user portraits.

(3) Channels:How products reach users. Products can reach users through PC official website, advertisements, major application searches, and sharing on social platforms such as WeChat, QQ and Weibo.

(4) Customer relationship:Good customer relationship can make users who speak English fluently experience the value of products, and it is easier for users to bring benefits when they feel that they can bring value. Fluent English speaking and passingIncentive learning mechanismGuide users to learn.

domestic consumer

Experience the diamond class by sharing and logging in continuously, which has two advantages.

  • Let users better experience the value brought by products, so as to increase the opportunity of paid learning.
  • Increased product promotion and sharing through social platforms have brought new traffic to products, and so on, making more and more users and more benefits.

Paying user

Mainly provide three mechanisms:

  1. Scholarship mechanism, to achieve the length of study and study scores, you can get scholarships.
  2. Guarantee to upgrade the three-level learning mechanism and reach a certain length of study, and the product guarantee will be upgraded by three levels.
  3. Through the punch-in mechanism, sharing publicity to give away paid courses, so as to promote products anytime and anywhere.

In the case of good content quality, through these user relationship incentive mechanisms. For users, they can touch what they want to learn through persistence and sharing, and they will feel that the product is very human and will take the initiative to use it.

For the product, it meets the needs of users, and through the sharing of users, it realizes the marketing means with fission as the core, which not only enhances the user’s stickiness, but also creates the user’s self-promotion, which has the best of both worlds.

(5) Core resources:Core resources refer to some unique and valuable human and material resources to realize product value.

Here mainly includes three aspects:

  1. High-quality AI technology;
  2. Has a huge Chinese English database;
  3. Spoken language search engine.

Of course, the people who set up this team can be regarded as core resources. They are all leaders in their respective industries and have advanced vision. The collision of their ideas also determines the direction of this product.

(6) Key business:This mainly refers to a series of services that can turn the value of products into benefits. Knowing your English is the key business to speak English fluently. Most of the income comes from knowing your English services, and of course, the main value is also derived from knowing your English.

(7) Partners:The partners who speak fluent English are mainly engaged in some public welfare activities. First of all, the product team is very socially responsible, and it can be seen that fluent English has participated in various public welfare activities, which reflects the taste of fluent English products and gives people the impression that the product and the team as a whole are more attractive and enterprising.

However, it does not rule out that it is the tactical means of the team in strategy. Public welfare activities have great influence in people’s lives, and the team can get better word-of-mouth publicity with the help of public welfare activities.

(8) Cost:It involves the payment of all expenses, mainly including software research and development, market launch, cooperation cost and human resources;

(9) Profit:Know your English (the profit mode of live broadcast), share communication (self-communication by users is an important channel for product promotion and payment) and free learning (an important guarantee for profit, users need to be retained before they can be converted into profit revenue).

From the above analysis, we can see that fluent English speaking hasClear and completeOur commercial canvas has important core resources, provides users with important value, uses good incentives to maintain customer relationships and has a clear source of income.

Fluency in English is an application of oral English practice, which provides different learning contents according to different needs and pain points of different users.

For users who want to learn, but don’t know how to learn, fluent English provides personalized solutions.

It mainly includes two parts:

  • One isTraining campAny user can participate in the training camp. The training camp is carried out in the form of learning theme. According to the learning situation, part of the content will be unlocked every day, so as to keep the course learning step by step and improve the English ability in a more relaxed and pleasant way.
  • The second is customization, that isUnderstand your English, is the core course of fluent English speaking, and the content of the course to understand your English is shown in the figure below.

Listening, retelling and games are the main ways to understand your English. From the course content, there are 8 Levels, each level has 3 Units and a test, and each unit has 4 parts. The learning of each part consists of two listening, two vocal and two Dialogue, as well as games about listening, speaking, reading, grammar and choosing the theme.

I think there are several reasons for choosing this content as the content to understand your English:

(1) English level of users

Every user’s English level is inconsistent, so every user needs to match the content suitable for his ability when using it. Align and understand the eight Levels in your English, start by testing and matching the same Level as the user, and learn at the same level, and you will feel more relaxed.

Users will not find it difficult as soon as they come up, so it will be easier for users to accept, not only will it not discourage users from learning English. But also can enhance the learning confidence of users, so that a good experience also enhances the stickiness of products.

(2) the importance of vocabulary

Vocabulary is an important link in English. All listening, speaking, reading and writing need to be based on vocabulary. Users need to learn the vocabulary at the current level so that they can understand and repeat.

Imagine that if you don’t have vocabulary learning, only listen and speak, you will find it difficult to understand what it is, let alone repeat it. At this time, I can’t learn specific vocabulary, I can’t understand it after repeated listening, and I can’t say it. At this time, people are in a state of near collapse, and they have the impulse to drop their mobile phones, which will have a fatal blow to English learning. In this case, it is often easy to give up.

If vocabulary learning is provided at this time, then we can learn it specifically, and then it will be much easier to listen, practice and say it later.

(3) Interest in learning

The biggest difficulty in English learning is that it is easy to give up if it is not interesting. This is also the characteristic of human nature. It is difficult for a person to insist on something that he thinks is boring alone, because you can’t get happiness from it and the source of motivation to continue.

In the way of games, it brings fun to English learning, and guides users to continue learning step by step through scoring, breaking through customs and other forms, from simple to in-depth, so that users can gain a sense of accomplishment and gain confidence from customs clearance in games, so that users will feel that English learning is as interesting as playing games.

The flow chart of learning to understand your English is as follows, mainly by listening, then repeating and reading it yourself, and the system will grade the sentences you read after. Then adjust yourself according to the system prompts that there are problems in the sentence, and then repeat and read step by step according to the pronunciation, so as to improve your oral English finally.

Knowing your English can provide a better English environment, and the whole learning process is in English repeatedly. This learning process can provide users with a good pronunciation environment. Through continuous correction and follow-up, their pronunciation and listening ability will also be improved quickly.

However, there is a problem: the pronunciation and listening ability have improved rapidly here, but the ability to speak and write has not changed much. For repeating after reading, I can only understand what others say, but I can’t express it subjectively.

I think there are several main reasons:

1) Understand the content defects of your English.

From the content of knowing your English, we can also see that there is no part of learning grammar separately, which makes it difficult for users to blurt out, master a certain amount of words, and understand both reading and listening, but only they don’t know how to really apply it to real situations.

2) Know how your English content is presented.

The whole content of knowing your English is presented to users in the form of cards and animations. At the beginning, users will feel that it is not bad and can understand this scene. But as time goes on, we will find that all the work is repeating the work of the robot, and the so-called scenes are given.Fixed textFollow-up, that is to say, all of them arepassiveYes.

The most important point is that in this process, most of them are actually examining the ability to recite, and almost no subjective learning is involved, so it is natural that you can’t blurt it out after learning.

Judging from the quality of knowing your English content, knowing your English is right.aural comprehensionandpronouncewill haveRemarkable improvement(The premise is to have a certain degree of self-discipline, insist on correct study, and study for the sake of study, not for the sake of grades). Generally speaking, it is more suitable for cultivating people’s interest in learning English. The whole content is full of games, relaxed and enjoyable, which will easily make people develop the study habit of learning English.

For instrumental assisted learning,This is a good learning tool., providingPronunciation guidanceSystem rating feedbackinterestingLearning style.

On the other hand, we need to realize that the application of learning tools is just a tool, and it can’t completely solve everyone’s problems.

Of course, it is not that there is no problem with tools and there is no room for optimization, but that learning English itself requires strong initiative, and tools are only auxiliary. So don’t expect that after learning a certain tool, you will learn it successfully, but in fact most people are so delusional.

According to the research data of Speedway Research Network, it can be found that oral English is the skill that users want to improve most, which occupies a position in the survey.74.14%All English learners want to improve their oral English through learning. Faced with such demand for oral English learning, fluent English speaking provides different oral English learning.

The classification of spoken language is as follows:

In fact, the classification of spoken language can be subdivided into the following aspects:

Cultivate a sense of language

For English learners, cultivating a good sense of language is almost everyone’s expected goal. Through simple and interesting ways such as one word a day and one sentence a day, users can learn easily, and most importantly, they can meet the needs of users for daily learning and progress without spending a lot of time, which can well increase the user’s stickiness in using products.

Examination/textual research

In the case of exam-oriented education in China, there will be a large number of such examinations, and the demand will definitely be large. However, most of these studies are passive, and they may not be able to use such functions after the examination or study. Therefore, this kind of function is relatively weak in improving user stickiness.

Oral life

This kind of oral demand has a high touch rate for users, and it is easy to form good feedback in life. When users practice learning for a period of time, they can apply it in a certain part of their lives. This sense of accomplishment can promote users’ learning and thus have a strong user stickiness.

Skill class

This kind of learning is different from the exam/textual research. Although they all study with a strong purpose, for the workplace and overseas survival, the feedback from the environment after learning is strong and with a strong driving force. If you don’t rush forward, you will be eliminated, which will also make users take the initiative to learn this kind of skills, which is also highly user-friendly.

On the whole, the whole learning content of oral English is relaxed and pleasant, and it does not involve the study of science and technology and popular science. I think the main purpose is to create an easy learning atmosphere, improve users’ learning confidence and enthusiasm through simple and interesting ways, and thus enhance users’ use stickiness.

Content that is too difficult will give users a great psychological burden, and the possibility of continuing learning will be reduced.

The learning mode of American movies and speeches is recognized as an effective learning method in the industry. Fluent English speaking: Cut out the classic video and form various categories. Users can choose the parts they are interested in for imitation practice.

I think the main reason for the formation of dubbing class is that everyone has it.Idolize nature. Everyone has more or less his favorite star, favorite TV, and admired star. We will be attracted by the characters inside, and we will involuntarily imitate them, which makes us feel particularly cool.

Then speaking English fluently provides users with such a place, which can make users carefree, unrestrained, release their nature and complete imitation to their heart’s content. For users, it is also an exciting demand, at least at the beginning.

For products, this is an important resource for developing new users and retaining users.

In English learning, users have a big problem that they can’t practice the real environment in time, especially the part about subjective expression, and they don’t know whether their expression is correct or not.

In view of this pain point, fluent English speaking providesSituational combat course, the biggest feature of this course isUsers can talk completely according to their own ideas to promote different plots..

After each exercise, there will be a study report, an overall score, and a voice record of the dialogue process. According to your answers, you will be guided and improved, and you can know what your shortcomings are, such as pronunciation and answering methods.

(1) Word learning

Word learning has always been a major topic in English learning, and it is also a big problem. For word learning, fluent English speaking provides two categories of word learning.

1) Examination category

Under the applied education environment in China, English learning will involve various types of exams, such as senior high school entrance examination, college entrance examination, CET-4 and CET-6, TOEFL, IELTS and business English. However, with the increase of population and the liberalization of the second child policy, there will definitely be more and more learning needs for these exams in the future.

2) interest class

This kind of demand is mainly to meet personal interests and hobbies, and choose the corresponding field to study according to your own preferences.

Using speech recognition technology to help English learners correct their pronunciation, and using gamification as much as possible to practice conversation, so that learners are interested in sticking to it, so as to improve their spoken English.

Know your English using process is as follows:

When you use it for the first time, you need to conduct a Level Test first, so that you can test your current English level and know your own situation in advance.

According to the test results, the corresponding Level X courses will be matched for learning.

Before each new study, you can choose a word to target.Current courseWord learning. The words in each part can only be unlocked when the next level is unlocked.At first, I thought it was unreasonable.I think it is appropriate to give all the words in a unit, so that users can master the whole unit better and systematically.

But after deep and careful thinking, I think the product will be designed like this and there will be such considerations:

  1. If the words in the whole unit are studied together, there will be a lot of such words, which gives the user the feeling that when I can finish learning, there are so many words, which will cause great psychological pressure to the user.
  2. The words in each part correspond to each section, so the cost of learning will be lower, after all, the amount is not very large, and then all the words learned are used in this section, which can greatly deepen the impression of words, and at the same time,avoidLearn too many words at once, but some words can’t be used in time. Such a small number of words and corresponding courses will greatly improve the quality of learning.

The explanation of words is mainly in English, which is combined with the environmental concept of immersion in English, which can make users better develop the English thinking habit of thinking and understanding in English, which is beneficial to English learning.

In addition, you can follow it selectively, or you can practice the related course content in this section. You can click the button next to the word to listen to the standard pronunciation of the word. Although you can hear the pronunciation of the word, for users who don’t have a good grasp of phonetic symbols, here he can’t correctly distinguish how to read it. He needsWith the help of other toolsTo find out what the correct pronunciation of this word is.

So, I-suggestionA phonetic symbol should be added here, and the phonetic symbol can be clicked and pronounced when clicked, which can provide users with a more convenient learning path.Reduce the use cost of users..

As shown in the figure below:

FunctionHard of hearing,As shown in Figure 1 above, when you can’t hear clearly or follow the reading well, you can choose to listen again.

One of the core functionsRead after,As shown in Figure 2 above, after listening clearly, you can choose to follow, and then the system willAutomatic comparisonFollow-up content and original sound content meet the criteria of system judgment, and a nice icon will appear.

The combination of hard of hearing and follow-up reading can help us understand the content of the article well, and we can repeat and adjust it according to the original sound in a short time.Chunk processing abilityThere will be a great improvement.

For each part of each lesson, there will be exercises corresponding to the current learning content. Mainly includeFour typesExercise questions.

1) Grammar class

As shown in the figure below, some options will be provided, and some interference items will be included. It is necessary to make a correct choice in combination with context and semantics.

2) Listening comprehension

As shown in the figure below, questions and options are presented in the form of voice, which enables users to grow rapidly in an all-English environment.

3) Repeat after reading

After hearing the voice, you need to retell the content in a short time, and the system will give a score according to the retelling situation. As shown in the following figure: where the pronunciation is completely wrong, there will be red marks, where the pronunciation is inaccurate, there will be black font marks, and the standard pronunciation parts will be marked in green.

This kind of feedback is very special and eye-catching, and it can clearly recognize its own shortcomings.

4) Reading comprehension

After learning a short lesson, the products will be disrupted according to some of the contents, and users need to sort them independently according to the context, so that they can train their logical ability and improve their reading comprehension.

After each section is completed, it will be a summary report, where we can see the problems in the current section study, where we can give a good feedback, and also compare the original sound with what we read after, and find out where we are lacking.

Although knowing your English provides a set of wrong questions, you can learn according to the wrong parts later. But I don’t think it’s enough here. Most users continue after listening to the original sound many times.

In this context, there are still pronunciation problems in repeating after reading. Here, we should give the English standard of the place with pronunciation problems, which will help users to correct it better. And it should also allow users to adjust and retell immediately, give real-time feedback and adjust the wrong parts.Let users quickly correct their current problems to the greatest extent..

As shown in the figure below:

After studying, you can check your learning efficiency, first of all, an overall learning efficiency score, and then you can check all kinds of data about your learning period, including: learning performance, active recording, active listening to the original sound, correct reading rate, correct answering rate, study habits, days reaching the standard, average days reaching the standard per week, number of recent learning courses, etc.

As shown in the figure below:

The function of learning efficiency directly feeds back the situation of English learning, so that users can truly understand and feel the learning effect, and meet the needs of users who don’t know how to judge their learning situation and learning efficiency after learning, which is of great importance to stimulate users’ learning.

For users, it is easy to give up if they don’t give feedback on their learning and experience no progress, and fluent English speaking and understanding your English can achieve this link well. study

Learning efficiency shows the user’s learning situation well, and lets the user know what his actual situation is. Through intuitivedataAnd learningData graph, can bring a good visual impact to users, users will unconsciously see how my learning situation is and how much my level has improved, which willMotivate usersContinue to study and form a good oneClosed loop effect.

According to the learning efficiency of knowing your English, you can feel progress well, stimulate learning and stimulate consumption transformation, but if you think carefully, you will find a problem.How to improve this learning efficiency?

Operators who speak English fluently will tell you that reading, listening and practicing can improve efficiency.

This answer can’t be said to be wrong, but it is a bit of a universal answer. All qualitative changes can start from quantitative changes, but how to grasp this level by reading, listening and practicing more? Do you need to learn new lessons every day? How much? Review the lessons you have learned, and how much? How often do you review? What kind of review is better? What kind of new study is better study?

No one can give the correct answer to these questions, so there will be a problem-most users, after studying for a while, don’t feel improved, and they will feel disheartened and lose their interest in learning. At this time, the classes in the WeChat learning group will meet everyone, so that everyone can come back to study quickly.

But this method is actually useless.Imagine a person who studies in a class, doesn’t he want to study? Doesn’t he want to improve?

So if you want users not to give up learning, you need more from.Course content and function attract and guide users.For example, increase the diversity of course games, optimize the learning process, and provide learning methods that are more in line with users’ minds.

Knowing your English is a course to improve your listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities in an all-round way, but from the learning function, we can find that there are a lot of exercises in listening and reading, andThere is no practice in speaking and writing..

In view of this, I suggest:Increase the active expression of the game.Let users experience the English I have studied for so long. I can use my English ability to express it in actual scenes, not just "blurting out" with the opportunity person, but a kind of "blurting out" with my own physical instinct.

This game item can be similar to the existing games, but it needs to let go of the user’s thoughts and not bind him. In the process of learning a course, he knows something about the theme of this lesson, so that users can tell their answers according to their own situation.

In the background, users’ answers are recognized through big data function, and the expression in the user’s answers is fed back, and suggestions are given to truly achieve artificial intelligence.

As shown in the figure below:

Of course, this may also be a business interface deliberately left by knowing your English, because there is a platinum version of knowing your English, and related services may be involved here.

I am a fluent English-speaking user since January 2018, and I have also purchased the paid course of the core course "Know Your English" for half a year. During this learning process, there are both good products and areas that need to be improved. Generally speaking, I am positive about this application, at least I feel that there is a significant improvement.

  1. User guidance:When it is used for the first time, it will guide the user through the floating layer and pop-up window, which greatly reduces the user’s use cost.
  2. Learning mode:Through the way of "listening-retelling-reading-system grading-multi-color visual feedback-adjustment-game breakthrough", we have created an all-English learning environment and immersed ourselves in learning. By comparing our own pronunciation with the pronunciation of the machine and practicing repeatedly, English listening and pronunciation will be improved obviously.
  3. Interesting:Through the way of games, the learning interest of users is greatly improved, which adds interest to English learning and endows English learning with game attributes.
  4. Content difficulty:Personalized learning content will be customized according to the test situation, which is in line with the user’s English level, avoiding the embarrassment of unequal content and level, allowing users to improve step by step in their familiar context and enhancing their learning confidence.
  5. Operational features:Through the scholarship and full return mechanism, users can be encouraged to learn English actively, and as long as they can, they can learn English in 0 yuan.
  • The functional stability of the product is not strong;Occasionally, it will appear during the learning process. The function of automatically ending the recording cannot be finished in time after the recording is completed, and it can’t be finished normally when it is finished manually. Occasionally, it will be stuck.
  • Lack of correct study guide:All the learning processes have to be explored and tried by ourselves, and the individual’s subjective initiative needs to be very strong. At first, 100 people understood your English learning class, and now it has been more than four months, and only 20 people have been able to keep learning. Of course, self-discipline is the main reason in this process, but products can better optimize their own products, and guide and attract users to continue learning through more humanized courses, learning methods, review situations, diverse game methods and other functions.
  • Learning links lacking subjective expression:The whole course focuses on listening, retelling and reading, and the main learning content is related to the fixed text content. No matter following reading, retelling, listening choice and grammar, these are all limited to the fixed sentence text, and they are all passive, not subjective.
  • The atmosphere of WeChat group lacks interaction:Friends from all corners of the country, with the common goal of improving their English ability, formed together by understanding your English. At the beginning, the activity of the whole group was very high, but gradually it became cold and cheerless. Every day, it was the procedural content, which was unattractive and had no atmosphere. The operation of user relations is not very successful, giving users the feeling that they are just a notification group, and they can’t really learn anything from it.
  1. On the basis of maintaining the quality of the current learning content, we should increase the learning links of active expression, so that we can really improve our listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities in all aspects.
  2. It is suggested to optimize the user’s learning process in combination with the user’s learning situation and the application of big data, so that users can improve faster. If this function is not well realized technically, it is suggested that we can consider direct communication and guidance between WeChat operators and users to make up for the shortcomings of the products.
  3. Social interaction and content learning are organized together, and the product provides a given scene. Users A and B at the same level can enter the designated user scene for role-playing, providing users with a real environment and fully mobilizing their learning enthusiasm.
  4. In the section report, the phonetic prompt and retelling and reading functions of nonstandard words are added, so that users can correct and improve in the first time.
  5. Add voice explanation to the wrong question set, give the key points of the sentence and the places that are prone to mistakes, so that users can better adjust and improve.

 

This article was originally published by @ Ricky. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from the network.

Real Snow White clarifies controversial remarks. User questioning is a public relations strategy.

In an interview recently, Rachel Segler, the star of Disney’s live-action Snow White, "clarified" her earlier criticism of the 1937 animated classic, but this change was widely questioned by the outside world as a public relations strategy rather than a sincere attitude change.

Previously, Segler had repeatedly publicly criticized the original Snow White, calling it "outdated" and "the prince’s behavior was inappropriate", which caused a lot of fans’ dissatisfaction. In this interview, however, she redefined the criticism of fans as "enthusiasm" and said, "I feel very honored to participate in something that people are so enthusiastic about."

Wandering stars

This inconsistent statement is considered to be insincere and has obvious traces of public relations. The outside world questioned that Segler’s move was to save the negative impact caused by his previous remarks, and speculated that Disney’s public relations team was behind the scenes.

In addition, Segler repeatedly mentioned his cultural background in the interview, trying to shift the topic to diversity and inclusiveness, which is also referred to as a typical public relations strategy.

At present, Snow White’s live-action film is facing box office pressure, and Segler’s speech storm has undoubtedly added insult to injury to the film’s publicity. Many viewers said that they were disgusted with the insincere behavior of the stars and worried about the quality of the film.

Some media analysts believe that whether Disney’s public relations strategy can work is still unknown. But what is certain is that the audience is paying more and more attention to the truthfulness of celebrity’s remarks, and any attempt to manipulate public opinion may be counterproductive.

Professional claimant: crowding administrative and judicial resources to "protect rights" and become "infringement"

  Recently, the "Symposium on Occupational Claims Behavior" attended by market supervision departments, China Consumers Association and business representatives was held in Beijing.

  It is understood that on May 9, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Food Safety Work", proposing that "malicious reporting of illegal profits should be severely cracked down according to law"; On August 8th, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Platform Economy, demanding to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of participants in the platform economy and crack down on extortion in the name of "counterfeiting".

  Relevant data show that in recent years, the number of malicious complaints and reports of "professional claims" initiated in the name of "counterfeiting" and "safeguarding rights" has exceeded 1 million every year, and "professional claims" have gradually shown the characteristics and trends of gangs, specialization, scale and stylization, which not only seriously troubled the normal production and operation order of enterprises and affected the business environment, but also abused the rights of complaints and reports, information disclosure, reconsideration litigation and monitoring complaints.

  Put pressure on malicious bad reviews

  Threaten businesses to gain benefits.

  In some e-commerce platforms, some professional claimants are active. They demand compensation from the merchants for some loopholes through the legal and platform compensation process, otherwise they will put pressure on them by leaving bad comments, reporting complaints and even litigation.

  In the interview, the reporter of "Legal Daily" noticed a special merchant, whose goods were only sold to buyers with a favorable rate of over 99% on the e-commerce platform, and those buyers who often gave bad reviews were not sold.

  Liu Feng (pseudonym), the owner of this shop, is also very helpless. "Who doesn’t want to make more money when opening an online shop? Setting a limit for your own store buyers is equivalent to losing many potential customers in vain. " Liu Feng told the reporter of Legal Daily.

  But Liu Feng has no choice. "There are too many malicious bad reviews and complaints now. I am doing beauty purchasing, especially paying attention to the reputation of the store. If one or two malicious bad reviews indicate that it is not genuine, it will be difficult for me to sell my things again." Liu Feng said.

  Liu Feng also told the "Legal Daily" reporter that some of these malicious bad reviews and complaints came from the malicious competition of peer competitors, and some came from professional claimants. They use the characteristics of beauty purchasing shops to pay attention to product evaluation, and threaten sellers to get high compensation by bad reviews.

  "I once encountered such a situation, sold a box of masks that were less than 50 yuan, and finally lost 500 yuan. At that time, shortly after I started purchasing, the other party gave me a bad review, which directly indicated that things were fake, and then privately wrote me to ask for compensation, otherwise I would never delete the bad review. The days when the bad reviews were posted on the Internet seriously affected my sales, and even other customers wrote me privately asking for a refund. In desperation, I can only agree to his claim for compensation. " Liu Feng said.

  In the subsequent interview, the reporter of Legal Daily found that there are still some shops that set buyer restrictions like Liu Feng, most of which are purchasing businesses. They pay great attention to the reputation of the shops, so they use this method to prevent malicious bad reviews. Many purchasing merchants believe that those special professional claimants have affected their normal operations.

  "In fact, those who give bad reviews are rarely real consumers. Most of them still insist on bad reviews even if you take the initiative to communicate with him after sale or take the initiative to ask for identification, and even refuse to communicate directly. The purpose is to ask for money. I can guarantee that the things we sell are genuine. For real consumers, they will not be single-minded only for claims, so I will set limits for my buyers. " Liu Feng said.

  Jia Liang (pseudonym), who has had two successful claims, told the reporter of Legal Daily: "There is nothing wrong with consumer claims. Although my purpose is for money, since I bought something from a merchant, I am also a consumer. "

  "If the merchant sells fake goods or inferior products to deceive consumers, then it is also appropriate for me to claim compensation. If they don’t sell fakes, then I won’t have a chance to claim compensation. However, if you claim through some illegal means, it will definitely not work. " Jia Liang said.

  Scientific and rational protection of rights and interests

  Protecting rights is not a crime of infringement.

  Regarding the current situation of professional claimants, Zhang Dezhi, director of the Complaints Department of China Consumers Association, believes that the law on the protection of consumers’ rights and interests is to protect consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, maintain social and economic order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy. Only when consumers need to buy or use goods or receive services for their daily consumption can they be protected by the Consumer Protection Law.

  "Some professional claimants focus on commodity defects, buy in bulk, and even falsify evidence to extort money from merchants. Using malicious complaints and reports as a means of making profits has obviously deviated from the original intention of legislation and protecting consumers, but has left the real problem of consumer rights protection unresolved." Zhang Dezhi said.

  Liu Junhai, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, told the Legal Daily reporter that professional counterfeiting usually uses the relevant provisions in the Consumer Protection Law, that is, punitive damages. In the case of knowing, buy fake goods and then make a claim. Article 49 of the Consumer Protection Law, which came out in 1993, gave birth to the first case of suspected fake and fake claim in China, which is a milestone in the history of consumer protection in China.

  "Punitive damages, also known as exemplary damages or retaliatory damages, refer to the compensation that the amount of compensation made by the court exceeds the actual amount of damages. Therefore, in addition to the general function of compensating losses, punitive damages also have their own unique functions, including six functions: severely punishing the faithless, fully compensating the victims, generously rewarding defenders, effectively warning the whole industry, comprehensively educating the public, and comforting the public’s psychological feelings." Liu Junhai said.

  Liu Junhai believes that the punitive damages system punishes and shocks untrustworthy enterprises, mobilizes the enthusiasm of consumers to carry out legal struggles with some unscrupulous businesses, cultivates some consumers who are brave in defending their rights, safeguards consumers’ common interests and optimizes the consumption environment. However, there are some disputes about the meaning of the word "fraud" when the punitive damages system is applied in various places, especially whether there is fraud in the business operators when consumers buy fake goods.

  According to Liu Junhai, the revised Consumer Protection Law in 2013 further inherited, adhered to and developed the punitive damages system. In addition, in order to further promote the rule of law concept of life first, safety first and honesty first, Article 55 of the new Consumer Law inherits and develops the "one plus one" punitive damages system, which greatly improves the punitive damages.

  "It is worth noting that the ultimate goal of the punitive damages system is not to punish, but to nip in the bud. Those who are suspicious of buying fakes should also learn to defend their rights according to law, rationality, science and civilization, and don’t turn rights protection into infringement or even criminal acts, including the crime of allegedly damaging business reputation, and become so-called professional claimants. For example, if a fake buyer makes a huge claim to the court for sky-high price, but it is not supported by the court, the huge case acceptance fee paid in advance by the consumer will also be borne by the plaintiff himself. However, as long as the suspected fake buying and counterfeiting behavior is carried out within the legal framework, its legal role is accurately positioned, and the principle of rule of law and honesty and credit are strictly adhered to, it should be respected and affirmed by the society. " Liu Junhai said.

  Actively crack down on professional claims

  Consciously abide by the law and operate in good faith

  As some professional claimants go astray, the relevant departments are also increasing their efforts to crack down on them.

  In April this year, a post-90 s man in Longyan, Fujian used the absolute term "extreme words" defined by the advertising law to make malicious complaints against online shop sellers for extortion. He was sentenced to one year and eight months in prison by the court for extortion and fined 15,000 yuan. In May, the Jinshan District Court of Shanghai sentenced four members of a criminal gang in the name of professional counterfeiting to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 1 year to 10 months for extortion. Not long ago, the Nanhu District Court of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province sentenced three people, including Tao Mou, who used "extreme words" malicious complaints on the Internet to extort money from businesses, ranging from 4 years and 6 months to 2 years and 6 months respectively, and fined them.

  Professional claimants are not only active online, but also offline.

  At noon on July 3, men Li and Duan had a dispute with the supermarket when shopping in a supermarket. Li and Duan claimed to have bought expired goods in the supermarket and demanded compensation from the supermarket.

  According to the police officer who handled the case, "Li and Duan only bought a bag of kimchi. Because the validity period has passed, they asked the supermarket to compensate 1000 yuan. If they are not satisfied with the results, they will complain to the relevant departments or bring legal proceedings." The same situation appeared in two other supermarkets at noon, and it was still Li and Duan who bought the "expired" goods.

  Qiu Baochang, head of the lawyers group of China Consumers Association, believes that if platform merchants can operate according to law and make claims within the legal framework, it will generally not affect the normal operation of merchants. If there are loopholes and flaws in business operations, or there are problems such as false propaganda, fake and shoddy products, and infringement of intellectual property rights, some people will seize these loopholes and reap benefits from claims.

  "From this point of view, consumers’ legitimate claims are conducive to standardizing businesses, allowing businesses to demand themselves with stricter standards and strive to operate according to law. As long as businesses are strict with themselves and consciously abide by the law, they can avoid many problems. However, if the claim exceeds the legal limit and constitutes extortion, then the responsibility of the relevant personnel must be strictly investigated according to law. " Qiu Baochang said.

  "If the claim amount is too high, or if the claim is made by abnormal means, the operator can refuse to pay and solve the problem through legal channels. It is necessary to distinguish the boundary between the normal exercise of consumers’ rights and extortion. Once this boundary is exceeded, it will constitute extortion and become a criminal act. Of course, this needs to be determined by the judiciary. " Liu Junhai said that protecting consumers’ rights and interests and optimizing the business environment should complement each other and not be antagonistic. (Reporter Du Xiao Intern Jing Qianzi)

Jinzhou destroyed a 19-member evil gang that intercepted trucks for extortion on the national highway.

  □ Our reporter Han Yu

  The salesman was stabbed and blackmailed when he was on a business trip abroad. The police followed the trail, and a 19-member evil gang that intercepted large trucks on the national highway for extortion surfaced. Recently, the police in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province successfully destroyed this evil gang, and all 19 suspects were arrested. Jinzhou police recently introduced the detection process of the case to the reporter of Legal Daily.

  Importance of "Fairy Jump" Line Index

  On April 28, the 110 Command Center of Jinzhou Public Security Bureau received a report from Chen that on April 13, he was blackmailed by four men and four women in Room 314 of a hotel in Linghai City, Jinzhou. After seeing that he was a "fairy jump" routine, he failed to meet their requirements and was stabbed by one of them with a knife.

  According to the police investigating the case, "Fairy Jumping" refers to a kind of behavior that uses the psychology of hooking up to design a trap for people, deceiving money or even extorting money. The recruiter usually stays calm with the psychology of breaking money and eliminating disasters.

  The police in Jinzhou City attached great importance to this warning, and the police quickly dispatched elite police to form the "4 28" task force.

   After investigation, since March, Wang Mouliang, together with Zhang Mouyu, Mu Mouxin, Wang Mou and others, have used Zhang Moujia (female, Linghai native, 13 years old) as bait in three different hotels in Linghai City, extorting and robbing twice and robbing once by the way of "Fairy Jump", and got a total of 5,500 yuan.

  Choose to call the police after ideological struggle

  The police handling the case restored the whole process of Chen’s encounter with the "fairy jump".

  On April 13th, Wang Mouliang used Zhang Moujia’s mobile phone and its micro-signal to search for people nearby and added Chen as a WeChat friend.

  Chen Moumou is a salesman. He went to Linghai to discuss a business. After a full meal, he was lonely and unbearable. Just when he saw a beautiful woman invited to meet, Chen Moumou readily agreed to the request.

  Chen fell in love with Zhang Moujia at first sight and met to open a hotel. However, Zhang Mojia took the opportunity to quietly send out the short message code of "Come and save me". Just as the two were about to have sex, four men and four women dressed as Zhang’s brother, sister-in-law, sister and brother-in-law broke into the house one after another, asking for 10,000 yuan, otherwise they would call the police.

  Chen saw this as a "fairy jump" scam, and the counter-offer could only be 2000 yuan. Wang Mouliang instigated Zhang Mouyu (a minor) to stab Chen Moumou with a knife, and Zhang Mouyu stabbed Chen Moumou in the back rib of his right chest. Seeing that Chen was bleeding, Wang Mouliang and others were at a loss, and Chen was sent to the hospital in a panic. The next day, Chen was quietly discharged from the hospital and returned home to recuperate.

  On April 28, Chen, who was indignant, chose to report to the 110 Command Center of Jinzhou Public Security Bureau after a fierce ideological struggle.

  After Chen’s injury, Zhang Moujia was afraid and quietly left Wang Mouliang’s gang, but was quickly found and controlled by Wang. After investigation, since April, Wang, together with Wang Moliang, Zhao Mouqin (female) and others, has forced and introduced the minor Zhang Mojia to engage in prostitution three times, and obtained a whoring fund of 2,000 yuan, a jade necklace, a pendant and a watch.

  Interception and extortion of truck drivers

  It is worth mentioning that when handling the "Fairy Jump" case, the task force followed the line, taking the physical characteristics of one of them as a breakthrough, and made a lot of analysis and comparison using the big data platform, and found a shocking clue: Wang Mouliang and others were highly consistent with the suspect information of the violent robbery of large truck drivers in Linghai City in January.

  After a week’s work, 19 criminal gangs headed by Wang Mouliang, Wang Mou and Zhang Mou surfaced.

  Since January this year, on the National Highway 102, Wang Mouliang and others have chosen large trucks parked on the side of the road or driving slowly as the target. After finding the parking target, they directly parked in front of the target vehicle; When you find a slow-moving truck, don’t stop it immediately if you think the target is suitable, and don’t stop the self-driving vehicle in front of the target vehicle. Then, according to the division of labor, they held knives, iron bars, baseball bats, electric batons and other murder weapons, and threatened the drivers of large trucks to give them money on the grounds that they had just been released from prison. If they didn’t give money, they would smash the car glass and threaten the drivers with a knife to achieve the purpose of robbery. In order to cover up the crime of robbery, Wang Mouliang and others usually throw the driver two apples or two bottles of drinks and a mahogany axe after they succeed. The value of the property involved in each case ranged from tens of yuan to 1200 yuan, and a total of 23 robberies were carried out, involving more than 10 thousand yuan of property.

  After grasping the situation, the task force organized a capable police force to arrest. After nearly a month of overnight fighting, 19 people including Wang, Wang Mouliang, Zhang, Zhang Mouhang, Zhang Mouyu, Wang Moxing, Liu Mojian, Wang Moxin, Zhao Moqin and Tang Mou were arrested and brought to justice. At this point, 19 evil gangs were completely uprooted.

  At present, 19 people, including the suspect Wang Mouliang, have been criminally detained by the police according to law, and the case is under further investigation.

How much "unexpected" can a bowl of Gansu mala Tang hold?

  Potato chips, meatballs, gluten, crystal clear Dingxi noodles, and a mixture of various vegetables, after being cooked, are taken out, evenly covered with fragrant oil and spicy seeds, and sucked into the mouth … This bowl of "YOLO" mala Tang, originally the secret pleasure of Gansu people’s taste buds, has now become a "national snack" pursued by the whole network and continues to be hot.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists tasted mala Tang. Recently, Tianshui Mala Tang in Gansu has been popular on the online platform, attracting many tourists from all over the country to taste it. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  Why is this bowl of mala Tang so popular in Gansu? Since ancient times, desert, Gobi, frontier fortress, camel and drought have become the "stereotype" of Gansu. This sudden explosion of fire is somewhat "unexpected", but in fact it is "expected".

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists were tasting mala Tang. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe
On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists tasted mala Tang. Recently, Tianshui Mala Tang in Gansu has been popular on the online platform, attracting many tourists from all over the country to taste it. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  Dingxi, Gansu, the "hometown of potatoes in China": supporting half of Mala Tang.

  Vermicelli is undoubtedly the "C position" of this bowl of mala Tang.

  Compared with the instant noodles and soft vermicelli contained in mala Tang in other areas, the potato flour of Gansu Mala Tang can be described as "different in shape", with wide powder, leek leaf powder, fine powder, vermicelli and so on, and "Dingxi wide powder", just like the generous mind of people in Longzhong, best reflects the heroism of northwest food.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists were tasting mala Tang. Strong and smooth vermicelli is the most recommended by diners. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  "Dingxi Kuanfen" is well-known in the market for its "spicy, slippery, strong, transparent, fragrant and refreshing". In 2023, there were 120 processing entities of Dingxi Kuanfen, with a production capacity of over 200,000 tons and sales exceeding 3 billion yuan. In April 2023, "Dingxi Kuanfen" successfully registered the national geographical indication certification trademark. "Small and wide powder" is developing vigorously towards the "big industry" with an unprecedented momentum.

The picture shows that the workers are working on Dingxi wide flour milling in a potato wide flour production base in anding district, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. Photo by Li Yalong

  Dingxi kuanfen is derived from the high-quality potato in Dingxi, the "hometown of potatoes in China". Dingxi, located in the middle of Gansu, is famous for its potatoes, and it is popular with them. After more than 200 years of development, potatoes in the land of "Longzhong", accompanied Dingxi people through famine, solved food and clothing, got rid of poverty, became well-off in an all-round way, and embarked on the road of common prosperity. "There are three treasures in Dingxi, Gansu, potato and potato", which shows the pillar position of Dingxi potato.

The picture shows the newly dug Dingxi potato in the field of Dingxi, Gansu. Photo by Wei Jianjun

  Dingxi’s climate is cool, rainy and hot in the same season, the soil is loose and breathable, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. Thanks to this special soil and climate condition, the potatoes produced are golden and bright, full of porcelain, mellow in taste, resistant to transportation and storage, high in dry matter, and rich in potassium and vitamins. From simple cooking, burning, frying and steaming in ordinary farmers to fine cooking in high-end restaurants, they can all make "delicious on the tip of the tongue"

  Dingxi potatoes also appear in the form of "potato chips" and "potato balls", which not only become the "overlord" in hot pot, but also become an indispensable staple food for Gansu Mala Tang because of its soft and long taste.

  Low-key "vegetable basket" Gansu: Let Mala Tang be fresh in four seasons.

  Cauliflower, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, bamboo shoots, celery, Chinese cabbage, baby cabbage, kale, carrots and other vegetables are also one of the protagonists of this popular mala Tang. Most of these fresh vegetables are grown locally in Gansu.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists held the selected spicy food "vegetable bouquet". Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  When it comes to Gansu, which is dry and short of water, it is impossible to connect green vegetables with it. In fact, Gansu not only has many kinds of vegetables, but also has high quality. Gansu is a low-key "vegetable basket", and it is also an important base for "transferring western food to the east" and "transporting northern food to the south" in China. In 2023, the planting area of vegetables in Gansu province reached 9.85 million mu, the output reached 29.55 million tons, and the output value of the whole industrial chain reached 99 billion yuan.

On July 29th, 2021, wujiang town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, provided vegetables for the high-quality fruit and vegetable industrial base in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to ripen, and the staff harvested the cabbage. Yang yanmin

  Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, is also the three major export-oriented vegetable regions and export vegetable production bases in China. It transports fresh vegetables to all parts of the country for half a year every year, and promotes the products to sell well in more than 100 wholesale markets in more than 60 large and medium-sized cities in more than 20 provinces (cities), directly to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and also exported to more than 10 countries such as Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. Especially, the main producing area of "Natsuna in Lanzhou Plateau" with Yuzhong County as the core area has become one of the main bases of "transporting northern cuisine to the south" and "transferring western cuisine to the east" in China.

  Tracing back to the source, Gansu is located at the intersection of the Loess Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, belonging to the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the inland river, with a depth of 16 longitudes, 10 latitudes and 4 climatic zones, and an altitude drop of more than 5,000 meters, which breeds the green organic characteristics of agricultural products. At present, there are 2290 green, organic and geographical indication agricultural products in the province.

  The brand of "Ganwei" is shaped by the brand green and organic background, and casts the soul with the brand concept of "honest Gansu authentic Ganwei", and gradually becomes flourishing and lush, and stands out.

  "Sweet" Gold Signature Pepper and Zanthoxylum bungeanum: Retaining the Soul of Mala Tang

  In the words of netizens, the essence of Tianshui Mala Tang in Gansu lies in the rich and fresh fragrance of oily spicy seeds. Tianshui oil spicy seeds have a strong appearance, but the spicy taste is not sharp. "It is mainly fragrant, spicy in the middle, and spicy in the fragrance." Tianshui Gangu pepper is the best choice, and there is no one.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, merchants were making mala Tang. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  In Gangu, nothing can be done without spicy food. Gangu pepper has been planted for at least 400 years, with bright color, thick meat and rich oil, slender corners, uniform wrinkles and strong spicy flavor, which has many functions such as appetizing, strengthening the spleen, caring skin and improving eyesight.

  Gangu County, the hometown of pepper in China, is one of the earliest counties for pepper cultivation in China. Due to the unique natural conditions such as soil and climate, the pepper meat in Gangu is thick and oily, and the aromatic substances are more abundant. Grinding dried chili into flour, the hot oil is spicy and does not burn the burner, which is the legendary "god’s material" to accompany the meal.

  In 2023, the county’s pepper planting area reached 56,000 mu, with a total output of 130,000 tons and an output value of about 350 million yuan, basically forming an integrated management system of market, storage, processing, transportation and e-commerce. At present, there are 9 leading enterprises in pepper production, management and sales, and 7 sets of advanced production and processing equipment have been introduced, with an annual sales of 12,000 tons of pepper products and a sales income of 250 million. Pepper in this county is also favored by the international market. More than 60 varieties, mainly line peppers, are exported to more than 20 countries and regions.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, merchants were making mala Tang. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  The wonderful taste of Gansu mala Tang is not only due to the pungent oil; In the seasoning stage, sprinkle a handful of pepper noodles on mala Tang, adding a touch of strength to the spicy taste, with endless aftertaste.

  Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an economic tree species in Gansu, which is second only to apples and walnuts in cultivation area. Wudu District of Longnan City is the first batch of "the hometown of China’s famous and excellent economic forest Zanthoxylum bungeanum". Among the main Zanthoxylum bungeanum producing areas in China, Wudu Zanthoxylum bungeanum ranks first in terms of area, yield, quality and farmers’ income.

The picture shows the pepper harvest season in Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu Province, which is located in Qinba Mountain area. Yang yanmin

  Unexpected Gansu: Not only this bowl of mala Tang

  From the perspective of physical geography, Gansu is a very special region. East monsoon region, northwest arid region and Qinghai-Tibet alpine region, the three natural divisions of China meet here. We can feel the drought and desolation of the western desert, the "high cold" of the snowy plateau, and the humidity like a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Different climatic and topographical conditions are mixed together, which doomed the variety of Gansu.

The picture shows farmers picking grapes in a vineyard in Yingpan Village, Yangguan Town, Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Photo by Zhang Xiaoliang
On May 25, 2022, in Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture, Baoan people were making ethnic food wheat ear buns. Gao zhanshe
The picture shows the paste surface and side dishes of Gansu specialty food. Photo by Liu Yutao

  Qingyang Noodles, Tianshui Slurry Surface, Liujiaxia Yellow River Carp, Gannan Tibetan Bag, Jingyuan Lamb, Minqin Honeydew Melon, Dunhuang Donkey Yellow Noodles … Different natural environment features in different regions of Gansu Province have also formed local distinctive food culture, making this northwest inland province a "food paradise".

  Spring planting and autumn harvest, the northwest people who have cultivated this land from generation to generation, will be full of sincerity and simplicity, loaded in this bowl of mala Tang, waiting for more people to go here and find it more unexpected.

On March 14th, Tianshui, Gansu, tourists tasted mala Tang. Recently, Tianshui Mala Tang in Gansu has been popular on the online platform, attracting many tourists from all over the country to taste it. Nine beautiful Dan Zengshe

  Reporter: Ding Si

  Source: China News Service WeChat WeChat official account

Good plays keep coming, and new plays are new! The CCTV video "Night of Light and Shadow Linfen China Boutique Mini-short Drama" was held grandly.

  Good plays keep coming, and new plays are new. On October 21st, the Night of Light, Shadow, Linfen, China’s Fine Micro-Short Plays was held in Linfen, Shanxi Province, sponsored by CCTV Central Video Station, CCTV Shanxi Main Station, Shanxi Provincial Radio and Television Bureau, CPC Linfen Municipal Committee and Linfen Municipal People’s Government. "China Fine Micro-short Drama Industry and Full-screen Matrix Alliance" opened the list of fine micro-short dramas in China and the new list of fine micro-short dramas in China.

"China Fine Micro-short Drama Industry and Full-screen Matrix Alliance" opened the list of fine micro-short dramas in China and the new list of fine micro-short dramas in China.

  Focusing on the themes of traditional culture, classic IP, urban cultural tourism and upward strength, the event promoted a series of high-quality good dramas and new dramas, and revealed the list of China’s fine miniseries AIGC, China’s fine miniseries in traditional culture, China’s fine miniseries in traditional culture, China’s fine miniseries in classic IP, China’s fine miniseries in urban cultural tourism and China’s fine miniseries. The "list of good dramas" will promote the broadcast fine dramas to the national audience, and comprehensively boost the perception, texture and beauty of micro-short dramas in terms of connotation value, traditional culture, AI technology empowerment and market linkage. "On the new list" will promote new dramas with venture capital potential, launch a number of creative plans for fine micro-short dramas, and strive to spread the voice of the times with fine masterpieces.

"Good Drama List" and "New Drama List" were released.

  Yan Jianguo, member of the Standing Committee of Linfen Municipal Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, Zheng Yang, Deputy Director of Network Audiovisual Program Management Department of State Administration of Radio and Television, and Qian Wei, Director of Audiovisual New Media Center of Central Radio and Television General Station attended and delivered speeches. Yan Jianguo said, with the theme of "Night of Light and Shadow Linfen China Boutique Mini-short Drama", we jointly built a national-level boutique mini-short drama exchange platform and industry brand with Shanxi General Station. With the micro-short drama as the medium, we went to an unforgettable contract between China and Linfen, a mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation contract between the central government and the local government, and a good drama and a new artistic contract. Zheng Yang believes that CCTV video combined with Night of Light and Shadow Linfen China Boutique Mini-short Drama released by Linfen City, Shanxi Province, once again shows the open and innovative mind, and builds a platform for the development of mini-short drama to show exchanges and win-win cooperation. Qian Wei proposed that CCTV will unite with all the ecological parties of "China Fine Micro-short Drama Industry and Full-screen Matrix Alliance" to keep up with innovation, speed up innovation and inject a steady stream of creativity and vitality into micro-short drama.

Yan Jianguo, member of the Standing Committee of Linfen Municipal Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, Zheng Yang, deputy director of the network audiovisual program management department of the State Administration of Radio and Television, and Qian Wei, director of the audiovisual new media center of the Central Radio and Television General Station, attended and delivered speeches.

  The event also invited literary and art masters, experts and scholars, as well as Lang Fengwei, deputy editor-in-chief of Tik Tok Group and general manager of media cooperation, Li La, deputy general manager of Tencent’s online video, film and television content production department, Wang Xingyi, vice president of Beijing Aauto Quicker Technology Co., Ltd., Wang Danning, deputy general manager of Tik Tok Group’s media cooperation, Li Li, general manager of iQiyi Drama Center, Zhang Hui, deputy editor-in-chief of Weibo, Hu Hong, general manager of Bilili Film and Television Entertainment Content Center, and other representatives of major broadcast platforms and film and television production companies to act as

  By telling the stories of historical figures in Linfen, Liang Xiaosheng, a well-known writer, screenwriter and winner of Mao Dun Literature Prize, introduced The Champion of a title in the Desert, The Juntuan of Jin Gong and The Learner of Xunzi’s New Biography to everyone in the "New List of Fine Micro-short Plays in China", and launched the venture capital plan of The First China, which made Linfen, an ancient city with profound cultural heritage, echo the vitality of the micro-short play industry.

Liang Xiaosheng, a well-known writer, screenwriter and winner of Mao Dun Literature Prize.

  In the promotion of "China’s fine miniseries rise to the new list", Long Pingping, a screenwriter in The Awakeing Age and a researcher at the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Institute of Party History and Literature, suggested that miniseries outline the world in a limited space with a small incision and a small volume. Small but fine, small and beautiful, micro-short plays are also striding forward towards the road of quality, showing a vigorous development trend. New dramas such as Mobile Group, Young Field, Dreamcatcher, The Echo of Jingxi, The Story of the Police Office will use literature and art to convey the power of goodness.

Long Pingping, screenwriter of The Awakeing Age and researcher of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Institute of Party History and Literature.

  Wang Luoyong, director of the Musical Theatre Center of Shanghai Theatre Academy and a well-known actor, announced the list of excellent AIGC short plays in China, and restored the production steps of AIGC short plays through the program "AIGC short play manual/strategy". From script production to AI editing synthesis, the whole process of China mythological miniseries with the theme of "Pangu Begins the World" is clearly presented to the audience.

Wang Luoyong, director and actor of Musical Center of Shanghai Theatre Academy.

Representatives of CCTV Central Video Station, Shanxi General Station of CCTV Central Radio and Television Station, Shanghai Film Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Film Meta-culture, and Xiying Media Drama Center released a series of micro-short drama venture capital plans.

  Zhou Jie, Deputy Secretary-General of China Network Audiovisual Association, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Short Video and Live Broadcasting Working Committee, released the key words for the high-quality development of China’s fine miniseries: quality, positive energy, cross-border symbiosis, AIGC empowerment, national tide, national wind, multi-screen, short and fast, miniseries+,going out to sea, IP derivative, light and shadow Linfen.

Zhou Jie, Deputy Secretary-General of China Network Audiovisual Association, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Short Video and Live Broadcasting Working Committee, released the key words for the high-quality development of China’s fine micro-short plays.

  Representatives from CCTV, CCTV, Tencent, Aauto Quicker, Iqiyi, Bili and other "China Fine Micro-short Drama Industry and Full-screen Matrix Alliance", as well as representatives from various fine micro-short drama crews, recommended new fine micro-short dramas on various platforms to everyone, highlighting the development momentum of the micro-short drama industry in China, accelerating to be "refined", and the vigorous climate of China micro-short drama industry’s full cooperation, integrity and innovation.

The representative of "China Fine Micro-short Drama Industry and Full Screen Matrix Alliance" introduced the new fine micro-short drama.

  Leaders at all levels in Linfen City, Shanxi Province, as well as representatives of fine miniseries from Xi ‘an City in Shaanxi Province, Ganzi Prefecture in Sichuan Province, Quanzhou City in Fujian Province, Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou City in Gansu Province and jinchang City in Gansu Province, gathered in Night of Fine Minidramas in Linfen, China, to introduce the development of literary miniseries in various places, and sincerely invite everyone to "travel with miniseries". Representatives from 17 counties (cities, districts) in Linfen, such as Yaodu District, houma city and Xixian County, also sent a warm invitation to the micro-short drama practitioners at the scene: "Light and shadow Linfen, China boutique micro-short drama, welcome light ‘ Pro ’ !”

Representatives from 17 counties (cities, districts) in Linfen jointly recommended it.

  In addition, the relevant persons in charge of CCTV Video, Shanxi Main Station of CCTV, Shanghai Film Co., Ltd., Shangying Meta-culture and Xiying Media Drama Center, as well as Yin Kai, a moving actor, and Wang Guojiao, a face-to-face actor, jointly released the venture capital plans of "Coming to the Great Sage", "Making a scene in Heaven" and "Westward Journey". The unveiling ceremony of the creation point of CCTV (Linfen) boutique mini-short drama was also held on the same day. CCTV will unite Linfen, trace back to the Millennium culture, focus on urban development, create a boutique mini-short drama, and see China in the mini-short drama. At the same time, Shanxi General Station, the general station, will continue to innovate the cooperation mode between the central government and the local government, and flexibly use the means of mini-short drama creation to empower Linfen’s urban development.

Bai Jian, the representative of CCTV’s creative media, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee of Linfen Economic Development Zone, became the unveiling point for the creation of CCTV’s fine micro-short drama.

  The "micro" light is a torch and the stars are shining. At the event site, the participants indicated that in 2025, they will continue to take the opportunity of China’s list of excellent mini-short dramas and the new list to jointly promote the high-quality development of China’s mini-short dramas. At the end of the event, a group of guests also jointly launched the 2025 list of fine miniseries in China and the new list of fine miniseries in China, expecting that "the good dramas will never stop and the new ones will never stop" in 2025!

In 2025, the list of fine micro-short plays in China and the new list of fine micro-short plays in China were released.

  Night of Light and Shadow Linfen China Boutique Mini-short Drama is sponsored by CCTV Central Video Station, CCTV Shanxi Main Station, Shanxi Radio and Television Bureau, CPC Linfen Municipal Committee and Linfen Municipal People’s Government, undertaken by Linfen Economic Development Zone, and produced by CCTV Creative Media. It is reported that the live event will be broadcast on platforms such as the central video client in the near future.

Blue Book of New Media: Ten Trends Forecast of New Media Development in China

Event site (Liu Chunyu/photo)

Event site (Liu Chunyu/photo)

CCTV News (Reporter Tang Shiying Liu Chunyan) On June 25th, the Institute of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences and Social Science Literature Publishing House jointly released the Blue Book of New Media: China New Media Development Report No.10(2019).

The Blue Book predicts ten trends of new media development in China.

First, the digital economy has become the core driving force for China’s high-quality economic development.

According to the data in the White Paper on the Development and Employment of Digital Economy in China, the scale of China’s digital economy reached 31.3 trillion yuan in 2018, with a nominal increase of 20.9% in terms of comparable caliber, accounting for 34.8% of GDP. Digital economy is an important measure to achieve sustainable and high-quality economic development, in which the Internet and new media industries show great development potential. The development of China’s new media will be closely related to digital life and digital economy, grasp the dividend of digital economy and enhance the core competitiveness of the country.

Second, artificial intelligence and 5G commercialization will open a new era of intelligent interconnection.

Driven by 5G and artificial intelligence technology, the video industry, Internet of Things and industrial Internet will all be upgraded in a new round, and people’s information acquisition, working methods and living habits will also undergo subversive changes. Internet technology is more closely related to people’s lives, and "intelligence+"has greatly improved people’s sense of network acquisition and happiness.

Third, the network video industry represented by short video has a strong development momentum.

In the next few years, online video will continue to maintain a strong development momentum. In order to meet the needs of users, the online video industry will continue to develop some new business forms, such as streaming video services. The rise of short video platforms will drive the rapid development of related industries and innovate information dissemination methods. For example, the Tik Tok platform will make the city image more flexible, diverse and humane, and will also provide more ways for users to participate.

Fourth, the industrial Internet is booming, and traditional industries are accelerating digital transformation and upgrading.

In 2019, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) officially released the first international standard "Methodology for Building Sustainable Competitiveness in the Process of Digital Transformation of Enterprises". According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, nearly 14,000 enterprises in China have acquired new capabilities in building an information environment according to the methods provided by this standard. It can be expected that on this basis, traditional industries such as China’s manufacturing industry will accelerate the digital transformation, and the industrial Internet will flourish.

Fifth, the Internet giants are multi-directional, and the competition boundaries are blurred.

In 2018, the Internet industry ushered in a wave of listing. According to the statistics of iResearch, as of December 14th, 2018, there were 64 domestic Internet companies listed, including iQiyi, Meituan Dianping, Xiaomi Group and Pinduoduo. After BAT, today’s headlines, Meituan and Didi are called the new three giants of the Internet industry, abbreviated as TMD. In 2018, the brilliant performance of Pinduoduo, Fun Headline and Aauto Quicker in the "sinking market" also accelerated the pace of foreign investment and mergers and acquisitions of Internet giants. With the comprehensive business acquisition and multi-directional layout of large Internet enterprises, the competition boundary among Internet enterprises will become increasingly blurred.

Sixth, the construction of mainstream ideology in cyberspace will be further strengthened.

Major conferences such as the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work held in August 2018 made top-level design and long-term planning for ideological work. When presiding over the 12th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should accelerate the development of media integration, make the mainstream media have strong communication, guidance, influence and credibility, form concentric circles online and offline, make all the people closely United in ideals, beliefs, values and moral concepts, and make the positive energy stronger and the main theme higher. This puts forward fundamental requirements for the construction of Internet content, and also provides guidance for the construction of Internet content.

Seventh, information consumption will become one of the most dynamic consumption fields.

According to the China Internet Industry Development Report (2018), in 2018, the scale of China’s information consumption market continued to expand, and the scale of information consumption was about 5 trillion yuan, up 11% year-on-year, and the proportion of information consumption in GDP increased to 6%. In August 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Expanding and Upgrading Information Consumption (2018~2020)", proposing that the scale of information consumption in China will reach 6 trillion yuan by 2020. In 2019, China’s information consumption will maintain a rapid development momentum, continuously improve the quality of new information products and information technology services, and promote economic transformation and development.

Eighth, the new retail is developing towards deep digitalization.

With the continuous application of Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies in the retail field, new retail digitalization will continue to advance. At present, some new retail stores or business areas have achieved some results, but the whole industry still lacks deep changes such as the transformation to digital management. The new retail emphasizes the intelligence of retail, which puts forward clear requirements for the intelligence of the whole chain of product procurement, sales and service. The new retail needs to open up the chain of product supply, logistics and sales, iterate the business model, and provide users with quality service experience.

Ninth, the fan economy has become an important business model of the Internet economy.

In April 2019, Ruhan Holdings, known as the first share of online celebrity e-commerce, went public in the United States. The economic power of fans created by the Internet is enormous. Although the channels for realizing cash are constantly expanding and changing, the core of the fan economy still maintains a high vitality. The Internet magnifies the individual value, and different platforms such as Weibo and Tik Tok have created the comprehensive ecology of idolize, and this online traffic can be quickly realized offline. Relying on precise operation and good user experience, the ways to realize the fan economy will be more diversified.

Tenth, online poverty alleviation continues to deepen.

In May 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Internet Poverty Alleviation (2018~2020)", which made clear arrangements for promoting broadband access in poor villages and strengthening network application in poor areas, and proposed to improve the effectiveness of online poverty alleviation through rural e-commerce, distance education and telemedicine. With the approach of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, the process of network poverty alleviation will be further accelerated, and the role of enterprise entities represented by Internet companies in network poverty alleviation is becoming increasingly prominent.

(See Blue Book of New Media: China New Media Development Report No.10 (2019) P26-28, Social Science Literature Publishing House, June 2019).

On October 11th, Duffy, Changyuan Village, Yao Chen, made a cool opening.

Produced by Aiqiyi, Perfect World Film and Television, jointly produced by Bainian Hemu Film, created by Aiqiyi Tap Water Studio, produced by Bainian Hemu Film, directed by Li Jun, and directed by Jing Lipeng, the modern female emotional blooming drama "Rock Wild Flowers" was released today, and the announcement of the light-happy version and the poster of "Rock Fan" were released. The official announcement announced that Aiqiyi would be broadcast solo on the whole network from October 11!

The play is starring Yao Chen, Chang Yuan and Zhuang Duffy, starring Li Yinan, Zhao Ziqi, Lele Dai and Li Junmo, especially starring Justin and Wei Qing. It tells the story that Peng Lai (Yao Chen), the lead singer of Crazy Flower Band, a female rock band that was once a smash hit in China, went away from home after suffering multiple blows from career, emotion and family. Returning after many years, with the support of my good friend Da Cui (Chang Yuan), I repaired my mother-daughter feelings with my daughter (Zhuang Duffy) during the day and went to the future hand in hand.

All the "comedians" are funny and lively.

Crazy flower band sisters reunited?

As a 12-episode drama series, Crazy Flowers of Rock begins with the story of Peng Lai, the protagonist, returning to China in poverty, from which Peng Lai and his relatives and friends who have been scattered for many years are amused.

Peng Lai is an out-of-date rock star who has been popular all over the country. Da Cui, a good friend and band manager, firmly believes in Peng Lai’s musical talent and strength and encourages her to regain her dreams. However, there are many difficulties ahead, and the sisters of the wild flower band have already had their own lives. ……

Peng Lai’s love for rock music seems to be "inherited" to his daughter during the day. I worked as a bass player in the school band during the day, but my teammates rejected my skills, so I left the team in anger and decided to form my own band. After experiencing great frustration in the music career, Peng Lai strongly opposed his daughter’s "old road", and the contradiction between mother and daughter was on the verge!

Rock music has become the final intersection between Peng Lai and his daughter and friends, and it is a small flame that has been ruthlessly extinguished by reality in everyone’s heart, but it is always burning. The process of Peng Lai forming a band and regaining his music career is also a life journey for the role to explore his true self, find back his family emotional relationship and social life.

In the "Rock Fan" finalized poster, everyone is surrounded by the stage aperture, and the lively and lively overall tonality of the drama is demonstrated through the highly stylized musical instruments such as guitar, bass, drum set and microphone and the bright and vivid color collision.

In the preview, we were surprised to find many familiar faces. Luo Jun, a young doctor played by Justin, is a hardcore fan of Peng Lai for many years and one of the roles that everyone pays more attention to. "Billion box office grandma" Wei Qing plays Peng Lai’s mother Ding Huiru in the play, and the scenes of three generations of old, middle-aged and young people are full of fun, which makes people look forward to it!

Yao Chen Zhuang Duffy’s mother and daughter fought wits and bravely,

The theme of innovation and burning presents a story of mutual healing!

The announcement released today shows us an "unusual" relationship between mother and daughter: Peng Lai and the daytime are happy and don’t give in to each other, unlike the warm mother and daughter in the traditional sense, and their daily life is to choke and hurt each other. The absence of Peng Lai, the mother, in her childhood growth during the day made her an independent and unassuming personality. They haven’t seen each other for many years, and now they are forced to live in the same room because of their father’s death during the day. How can the two people who are incompatible with each other coexist peacefully will also become a highlight of the play!

Li Jun, the general director of "Rock Wild Flowers", and Zhang Jianqi, the screenwriter, have jointly created the explosive drama series "Beishangguang still believes in love", and director Jing Lipeng has worked on various types of works; The production team is familiar with the creation of urban emotional themes and deeply cultivates content innovation in the fast-paced market environment, which has created the unique charm of the play.

Peng Lai and Tian Tian, the rock mother and daughter, are United by their common musical enthusiasm and become brave, firm and vivid on the road of dreaming. They are also chasing dreams and growing up together, getting to know each other and healing together in the hard-pressed real life. As the director said in the special edition, "Wild Flowers of Rock" is a story of reconciliation between people and between people and their past selves!

"Rock Wild Flower" is officially scheduled today, and will be broadcast solo on the whole network of iQiyi on October 11th. Can everyone’s rock dream come true, and how will Peng Lai and Tian Tian untie the knot between mother and daughter? Let’s look forward to it!

Biodiversity | Puzhehei, Yunnan: a paradise with a unique landscape from karst landforms.

CCTV News:Puzhehei in Qiubei County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China is located in the core of karst landform in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. Puzhehei is a Yi language, which means a pond full of fish and shrimp. The unique karst landform and hydrological environment also give birth to Puzhehei’s rich biodiversity and uniqueness.

This is Puzhehei in Qiubei County, with 312 solitary peaks scattered, 83 caves in various shapes, 54 lakes connected and connected, and 40,000 mu of plateau karst wetland and rocky mountain peak forest integrated into one, forming a unique karst lake wetland ecosystem. Puzhehei has more than 20,000 mu of water surface, and there are tens of thousands of mu of wild lotus only. In August of this year, a wild two-color Bidens bipinnata attracted wide attention. Two flowers were blooming on a flower stalk, and the colors were different, which was amazing. Experts call this kind of "two colors with the same stem" a treasure in flowers of the genus Bidens.

In recent years, Puzhehei has established a provincial nature reserve, built a pilot project of Puzhehei Karst National Wetland Park, and carried out wetland restoration for the living environment of wetland animals and plants. The good water system and ecological function provide suitable habitats for waterfowl birds.

Reporter Duan Yu:Karst landforms are complex and diverse, and it is more appropriate to describe them with unique caves. Now we come to an underground cave, where stalactites are crystal clear and many unique fish live.

In order to protect the living environment of these cave fish, local fishing stations have artificially propagated and released these fish, and gradually established a national minimum population protected species. Today, the population of these endemic fish has increased from the previous 4 species to 12 species.

The effective protection and restoration of wetland ecosystem also breeds the diversity and uniqueness of organisms. According to statistics, the number of birds has reached 209, the distribution of fish has reached 89, and the number of vascular plants has reached 823, making it a veritable biological paradise.

China insists on resolving the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through negotiations.

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 13th-The the State Council Press Office published a white paper entitled "China Insists on Resolving Disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through Negotiations" on July 13th. The full text is as follows:

  China insists on resolving the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through negotiations.

  (July 2016)

  People’s Republic of China (PRC)

  the State Council Information Office

  Catalogue

  Quote

  1. The South China Sea Islands are China’s inherent territory.

  (1) China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands was established in history.

  (二)中国始终坚定维护在南海的领土主权和海洋权益

  (3) China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands has been widely recognized by the international community.

  二、中菲南海有关争议的由来

  (1) The illegal occupation of the Philippines has created a dispute over the Nansha Island reef between China and the Philippines.

  (2) The illegal claims of the Philippines have no historical and legal basis.

  (三)国际海洋法制度的发展导致中菲出现海洋划界争议

  三、中菲已就解决南海有关争议达成共识

  (一)通过谈判解决南海有关争议是中菲共识和承诺

  (2) It is the consensus between China and the Philippines to properly control the disputes in the South China Sea.

  4. The Philippines has repeatedly taken actions that complicate the dispute.

  (1) The Philippines is trying to expand its occupation of some islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands in China.

  (二)菲律宾一再扩大海上侵权

  (3) The Philippines attempted to get its hands on Huangyan Island in China.

  (D) The unilateral arbitration initiated by the Philippines is a malicious act.

  V. China’s policy in handling the South China Sea issue.

  (1) On the territorial issue of Nansha Islands

  (2) On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea.

  (3) About dispute settlement methods

  (4) On managing differences in the South China Sea and conducting pragmatic cooperation at sea.

  (5) Freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea

  (6) On jointly safeguarding peace and stability in the South China Sea

  Quote

  1. The South China Sea is located in the south of Chinese mainland, which is connected with the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean in the west through narrow straits or waterways. It is a semi-closed sea with northeast-southwest trend. The South China Sea is bordered by Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Island in the north, kalimantan island and Sumatra Island in the south, Philippine Islands in the east, Indochina Peninsula and Malay Peninsula in the west.

  2. China’s South China Sea Islands include dongsha islands, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands. These islands are composed of islands, reefs, beaches, sand and so on with different numbers and sizes. Among them, the Nansha Islands have the largest number of islands and reefs and the widest range.

  3. China people’s activities in the South China Sea have a history of more than 2,000 years. China first discovered, named, developed and utilized the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas, and exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas in a sustained, peaceful and effective manner. China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and its related rights and interests in the South China Sea were established in a long historical process, which has sufficient historical and legal basis.

  4. China and the Philippines, facing each other across the sea, have close contacts, and the people have been friendly for generations. Originally, there was no dispute over territorial and maritime delimitation. However, since 1970s, the Philippines began to illegally occupy some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands, which created the territorial problems of some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands between China and the Philippines. In addition, with the development of international law of the sea, the two countries have also had maritime delimitation disputes in some waters of the South China Sea.

  5. China and the Philippines have not held any negotiations aimed at resolving the disputes in the South China Sea, but they have indeed held many consultations on properly handling maritime disputes, and reached a consensus on resolving relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation, which has been confirmed many times in bilateral documents. In the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (hereinafter referred to as the Declaration) signed by China and ASEAN countries in 2002, the two sides also made a solemn commitment to resolve relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation.

  6. In January 2013, the then government of the Republic of the Philippines violated the above consensus and commitment and unilaterally filed a South China Sea arbitration case. The Philippines misinterprets and packages disputes such as territorial issues that are not regulated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) and maritime delimitation excluded by China’s exclusionary declaration made in accordance with Article 298 of the Convention in 2006, which constitutes an abuse of the dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention. The Philippines attempts to deny China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.

  7. The purpose of this document is to restore the truth about the dispute between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, and to reiterate China’s consistent position and policy on the South China Sea issue, so as to set the record straight.

  1. The South China Sea Islands are China’s inherent territory.

  (1) China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands was established in history.

  8. The people of China have lived and engaged in productive activities in the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas since ancient times. China was the first to discover, name, develop and utilize the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas, the first to exercise sovereignty and jurisdiction over the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas in a sustained, peaceful and effective manner, and established sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and related rights and interests in the South China Sea.

  9. As early as the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, the people of China sailed in the South China Sea and discovered the islands in the South China Sea in their long-term practice.

  10. China’s ancient historical books, such as The Records of Foreign Objects in the Eastern Han Dynasty, The Biography of Fu Nan in the Three Kingdoms Period, The Dream of Liang and An Answer to the Generation Outside the Ridge in the Song Dynasty, A Brief Introduction to the Island in the Yuan Dynasty, An Examination of the East and the West in the Ming Dynasty and a Farewell to the Wind, The Guide to the Right Method in the Qing Dynasty, and The Records of Overseas Countries, etc. The South China Sea islands are named after many vivid names, such as "Zhanghaiqitou", "Coral Island", "Jiuruluozhou", "Shitang", "Wanli Shitang", "Changsha" and "Wanli Changsha".

  In the historical process of exploiting and utilizing the South China Sea, fishermen in China have also formed a relatively fixed naming system for islands in the South China Sea, such as calling islands and sandbars "Zhi", reefs "shovel", "line" and "sand", atolls "Kuang", "circle" and "pond", and shoals. Genglu Book, which was formed in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is a navigation guide for China fishermen to travel between the coastal areas of Chinese mainland and the South China Sea islands. It has been circulated in manuscripts of various versions and is still in use today. It records the life, production and development activities of China people in the South China Sea Islands, and records the naming of the South China Sea Islands by fishermen in China. Among them, there are at least 70 names for islands, reefs, beaches and sands in Nansha Islands, some of which are named by compass directions, such as Ugly Wei (Qibi Reef) and Dongtou Yixin (Flourishing shoal); Some are named after specialties, such as Chigua Line (Chigua Reef) and Mogua Line (Nanping Reef); Some are named after the shapes of islands and reefs, such as bird strings (Xian ‘e Reef) and double shoulders (Xinyi Reef); Some are named after something, such as the pot cover (Amber Shazhou) and the scale hook (Jinghong Island); Some are named after waterways, such as Liumensha (Liumen Reef).

  12. The names given by the people of China to the South China Sea Islands were partly quoted by western navigators and marked in some authoritative nautical guides and charts in the 19th and 20th centuries. For example, Namyit (Hung Hom Island), Sin Cowe (Jinghong Island) and Subi (Zhubijiao) are derived from the pronunciation of "Nanyi", "Weighing Hook" and "Ugly Not" in Hainan dialect.

  13. A large number of historical documents and cultural relics prove that the people of China have continuously developed and utilized the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, fishermen in China have been engaged in fishery production in the Nansha Islands by the northeast trade wind every year, and returned to the mainland by the southwest trade wind the following year. There are also some fishermen in China who live on the island all the year round, standing for fishing, digging wells and pumping water, reclaiming wasteland for planting, building houses and temples, and raising livestock. According to Chinese and foreign historical records and archaeological discoveries, some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands once had crops, wells, houses, temples, tombs and inscriptions left by China fishermen.

  14. Many foreign documents have recorded the fact that only Chinese produced and lived in Nansha Islands for a long time.

  15. The Guide to the Sea of China published by the British Admiralty in 1868 pointed out when referring to the Zhenghe Reef in Nansha Islands: "Hainan fishermen live by catching sea cucumbers and crustaceans, and each island has its footprints, and some have lived on the reefs for a long time." "Fishermen on Taiping Island live more comfortably than those on other islands, and the well water on Taiping Island is much better than other islands." The China Sea Guide in 1906 and the Sailing Notes of China in 1912, 1923 and 1937 recorded the production and life of China fishermen in Nansha Islands in many places.

  16. The magazine Painted Colonial World published in France in September 1933 recorded that among the nine islands in Nansha Islands, only the Chinese (Hainanese) live there, and there are no other nationalities except the Chinese. At that time, there were 7 residents on the southwest island (Nanzi Island), including 2 children; There are 5 residents on Didu Island (Zhongye Island); Spalla Island (Nanwei Island) has 4 residents, one more than in 1930; On Luowan Island (Nankeyao Island), there are shrines, huts and wells left by Chinese. In Yiduba Island (Taiping Island), although no one was seen, a Chinese character tablet was found, to the effect that the grain was transported so far, and no one was found, because it was hidden under the iron sheet (the original French text was stone); Other islands can also be seen everywhere where fishermen live. The magazine also records that Taiping Island, Zhongye Island, Nanwei Island and other islands have lush vegetation, drinking wells, coconut trees, banana trees, papaya tree, pineapples, vegetables and potatoes, and poultry, which are suitable for human habitation.

  17. The Japanese literature "Storm Island" published in 1940 and "Asian Pilotage" (Volume IV) published by the United States Naval Hydrographic Office in 1925 also recorded the production and life of China fishermen in Nansha Islands.

  18. China is the first country to start and continue to manage the South China Sea Islands and related maritime activities. Historically, China has exercised sustained, peaceful and effective jurisdiction over the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas by means of administrative establishment, naval patrol, resource development, astronomical survey and geographical survey.

  19. For example, in the Song Dynasty, China set up an envoy in Guangdong and Guangxi, who was in charge of southern Xinjiang. In Song Dynasty, Ceng Gongliang mentioned in Wu Jing Zong Yao that in order to strengthen the coastal defense in the South China Sea, China set up a sea patrol division to patrol the South China Sea. In Qing Dynasty, Records of Qiongzhou Prefecture compiled by Mingyi and Records of Yazhou compiled by Zhong Yuandi all listed Shitang and Changsha as "coastal defense".

  20. Many local chronicles compiled by officials in China, such as Guangdong Tongzhi, Qiongzhou Prefecture Records, Wanzhou Records, etc., have "Wanzhou has thousands of miles of Changsha and thousands of miles of stone ponds" or similar records in the items of "territory" or "land and mountains".

  21. Successive governments in China have also marked the South China Sea Islands as the territory of China on official maps. In 1755, the General Map of the World, 1767, 1810, 1817, and 1817 of the Dividing Map of the Provinces of the Emperor and the Qing Dynasty all drew the South China Sea Islands into Chinese territory.

  22. Historical facts show that the people of China have always regarded the South China Sea Islands and related sea areas as places for production and life, and engaged in various development and utilization activities. Successive governments in China have also exercised jurisdiction over the South China Sea Islands continuously, peacefully and effectively. In the long historical process, China has established its sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and related rights and interests in the South China Sea, and the people of China have long been the masters of the South China Sea Islands.

  (二)中国始终坚定维护在南海的领土主权和海洋权益

  23. 中国对南海诸岛的主权在20世纪前未遭遇任何挑战。20世纪30年代至40年代,法国和日本先后以武力非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁。对此,中国人民奋起抵抗,当时中国政府采取一系列措施,捍卫对南沙群岛的主权。

  24. 1933年,法国曾经一度侵入南沙群岛部分岛礁,发布政府公报宣告“占领”,制造了“九小岛事件”。中国各地各界反应强烈、群起抗议,纷纷谴责法国的侵略行径。居住在南沙群岛的中国渔民也在实地进行抵抗,符洪光、柯家裕、郑兰锭等人砍倒法国在太平岛、北子岛、南威岛、中业岛等岛上悬挂法国国旗的旗杆。

  25. “九小岛事件”发生后,中国外交部发言人表示,南沙群岛有关岛屿“仅有我渔人居留岛上,在国际上确认为中国领土”,中国政府就法方侵入九小岛提出严正交涉。同时,广东省政府针对法国诱骗中国渔民悬挂法国国旗,命令各县长布告,禁止在南沙群岛及海域作业的中国渔船悬挂外国旗帜,并给渔民发放中国国旗,要求悬挂。

  26. 由外交部、内政部、海军部等部门组成的水陆地图审查委员会,专门审定中国南海诸岛各岛、礁、滩、沙名称,并于1935年编印并公布了《中国南海各岛屿图》。

  27. 日本在侵华战争期间曾非法侵占中国南海诸岛。中国人民对日本的侵略进行了英勇抵抗。随着世界反法西斯战争和中国人民抗日战争的推进,中、美、英三国于1943年12月发表《开罗宣言》郑重宣布,日本必须将所窃取的中国领土归还中国。1945年7月,中、美、英三国发表《波茨坦公告》,其中第8条明确规定,“开罗宣言之条件必将实施”。

  28. 1945年8月,日本宣布接受《波茨坦公告》无条件投降。1946年11月至12月,中国政府指派林遵上校等高级军政官员,乘坐“永兴”、“中建”、“太平”、“中业”4艘军舰,分赴西沙群岛和南沙群岛,举行仪式,重立主权碑,派兵驻守。随后,中国政府用上述4艘军舰名对西沙群岛和南沙群岛的4个岛屿进行重新命名。

  29. 1947年3月,中国政府在太平岛设立南沙群岛管理处,隶属广东省。中国还在太平岛设立气象台和电台,自6月起对外广播气象信息。

  30. 在对南海诸岛重新进行地理测绘的基础上,中国政府于1947年组织编写了《南海诸岛地理志略》,审定《南海诸岛新旧名称对照表》,绘制标有南海断续线的《南海诸岛位置图》。1948年2月,中国政府公布《中华民国行政区域图》,包括《南海诸岛位置图》。

  31. 1949年6月,中国政府颁布《海南特区行政长官公署组织条例》,把“海南岛、东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛及其他附属岛屿”划入海南特区。

  32. 中华人民共和国1949年10月1日成立后,多次重申并采取立法、行政设治、外交交涉等措施进一步维护对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益。中国对南海诸岛及相关海域的巡逻执法、资源开发和科学考察等活动从未中断过。

  33. 1951年8月,中国外交部长周恩来发表《关于美英对日和约草案及旧金山会议的声明》指出,“西沙群岛和南威岛正如整个南沙群岛及中沙群岛、东沙群岛一样,向为中国领土,在日本帝国主义发动侵略战争时虽曾一度沦陷,但日本投降后已为当时中国政府全部接收”,“中华人民共和国在南威岛和西沙群岛之不可侵犯的主权,不论美英对日和约草案有无规定及如何规定,均不受任何影响”。

  34. 1958年9月,中国发布《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》,明确规定中国领海宽度为12海里,采用直线基线方法划定领海基线,上述规定适用于中华人民共和国的一切领土,包括“东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他属于中国的岛屿”。

  35. 1959年3月,中国政府在西沙群岛的永兴岛设立“西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛办事处”;1969年3月,该“办事处”改称“广东省西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛革命委员会”;1981年10月,恢复“西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛办事处”的称谓。

  36. 1983年4月,中国地名委员会受权公布南海诸岛部分标准地名,总计287个。

  37. 1984年5月,第六届全国人民代表大会第二次会议决定设立海南行政区,管辖范围包括西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域。

  38. 1988年4月,第七届全国人民代表大会第一次会议决定设立海南省,管辖范围包括西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域。

  39. 1992年2月,中国颁布《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》,确立了中国领海和毗连区的基本法律制度,并明确规定:“中华人民共和国的陆地领土包括……东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他一切属于中华人民共和国的岛屿”。1996年5月,第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议决定,批准《联合国海洋法公约》,同时声明“中华人民共和国重申对1992年2月25日颁布的《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》第2条所列各群岛及岛屿的主权。”

  40. 1996年5月,中国政府宣布中国大陆沿海由山东高角至海南岛峻壁角49个领海基点和由直线相连的领海基线,以及西沙群岛28个领海基点和由直线相连的基线,并宣布将另行公布其余领海基线。

  41. 1998年6月,中国颁布《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》,确立了中国专属经济区和大陆架的基本法律制度,并明确规定:“本法的规定不影响中华人民共和国享有的历史性权利”。

  42. 2012年6月,国务院批准撤销海南省西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛办事处,设立地级三沙市,管辖西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛的岛礁及其海域。

  43. China attaches great importance to the protection of ecology and fishery resources in the South China Sea. Since 1999, China has implemented a fishing moratorium in the South China Sea in summer. By the end of 2015, China had built 6 national aquatic nature reserves and 6 provincial aquatic nature reserves in the South China Sea, with a total area of 2.69 million hectares. There are 7 national aquatic germplasm resources in conservation zone, with a total area of 1.28 million hectares.

  44. Since the 1950s, the Taiwan, China authorities have been stationed in Taiping Island of Nansha Islands, with civil service management agencies and the development and utilization of natural resources on the island.

  (3) China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands has been widely recognized by the international community.

  45. After the Second World War, China recovered the South China Sea Islands and resumed the exercise of sovereignty. Many countries in the world recognized the South China Sea Islands as the territory of China.

  46. In 1951, the San Francisco Peace Treaty Conference with Japan stipulated that Japan should give up all rights, names and claims to Nansha Islands and Xisha Islands. In 1952, the Japanese government formally renounced all rights, names and claims to Taiwan Province, Penghu Islands, Nansha Islands and Xisha Islands. In the same year, the fifteenth map of the Standard World Atlas, Southeast Asia Map, which was personally signed and recommended by then Japanese Foreign Minister Okazaki Kzuo, marked all the Xisha, Nansha Islands, Dongsha and zhongsha islands that Japan had to give up according to the peace treaty as belonging to China.

  47. 1955年10月,国际民航组织在马尼拉召开会议,美国、英国、法国、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、泰国、菲律宾、南越和中国台湾当局派代表出席,菲律宾代表为会议主席,法国代表为副主席。会议通过的第24号决议要求中国台湾当局在南沙群岛加强气象观测,而会上没有任何一个代表对此提出异议或保留。

  48. 1958年9月4日,中国政府发布《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》,宣布中国的领海宽度为12海里,明确指出:“这项规定适用于中华人民共和国的一切领土,包括……东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他属于中国的岛屿。”9月14日,越南政府总理范文同照会中国国务院总理周恩来郑重表示,“越南民主共和国政府承认和赞同中华人民共和国政府1958年9月4日关于领海决定的声明”,“越南民主共和国政府尊重这项决定”。

  49. 1956年8月,美国驻台机构一等秘书韦士德向中国台湾当局口头申请,美军人员拟前往黄岩岛、双子群礁、景宏岛、鸿庥岛、南威岛等中沙和南沙群岛岛礁进行地形测量。中国台湾当局随后同意了美方的申请。

  50. In December 1960, the United States Government sent a letter to the Taiwan, China authorities, "requesting permission" for American military personnel to conduct field surveys in shuangzi reefs, Jinghong Island and Nanwei Island in Nansha Islands. The Taiwan, China authorities approved the above application.

  51. In 1972, in the Joint Statement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of Japan, Japan reiterated its adherence to article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.

  52. According to Agence France-Presse, on February 4, 1974, then Indonesian Foreign Minister Malik said, "If we look at the map released now, we can see from the map that both paracel islands (Xisha Islands) and Prattley Islands (Nansha Islands) belong to China"; Since we admit that there is only one China, "this means that, for us, these islands belong to People’s Republic of China (PRC)".

  53. From 17 March to 1 April 1987, the 14th meeting of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO discussed the Implementation Plan of the Global Sea Level Observing System 1985-1990 (IOC/INF-663 Rev) submitted by the secretariat of the Commission. The document suggests that the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands should be included in the global sea level observation system, and the two islands should be clearly listed as "People’s Republic of China (PRC)". To implement the plan, the government of China was appointed to build five ocean observation stations, including one in Nansha Islands and one in Xisha Islands.

  54. It has long been widely recognized by the international community that the South China Sea Islands belong to the China. Encyclopedias, yearbooks and maps published in many countries label Nansha Islands as China. For example, in 1960, Wildmark Encyclopedia of Countries published by Wildmark Publishing House in the United States; New China Yearbook published by Japanese Jidong Bookstore in 1966; Atlas of the World published in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957, 1958 and 1961; Atlas of Earth and Geography published in GDR in 1958; Huck’s Atlas of the World published in GDR in 1968; World Atlas published in the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1959; Attached drawings of Division of Foreign Administrative Regions published in the Soviet Union in 1957; World Atlas published in Hungary in 1959; Illustrated World Political and Economic Atlas published in Hungary in 1974; Pocket Atlas of the World published in Czechoslovakia in 1959; World Geographic Atlas published in Romania in 1977; Atlas of International Politics and Economy published by larousse Press in 1965; Modern Atlas of larousse published by larousse Press in 1969; The maps attached to the Encyclopedia of the World published by Japan Pingfan Society in 1972 and 1983 and the Atlas of the World published in 1985; And the attached drawings of "The World and Countries" published by Japan Geographical Association in 1980.

  二、中菲南海有关争议的由来

  55. 中菲南海有关争议的核心是菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁而产生的领土问题。此外,随着国际海洋法制度的发展,中菲在南海部分海域还出现了海洋划界争议。

  (1) The illegal occupation of the Philippines has created a dispute over the Nansha Island reef between China and the Philippines.

  56. The territorial scope of the Philippines was determined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain (Paris Treaty), the 1900 Treaty of Cessation of the Outer Islands of the Philippines (Washington Treaty) and the 1930 Treaty of Delimitation of the Boundary between British North Borneo and the United States Philippines.

  57. China’s South China Sea islands are outside Philippine territory.

  58. In 1950s, the Philippines tried to get its hands on Nansha Islands in China. But under the resolute opposition of China, the Philippines stopped. In May 1956, Cloma, a Filipino, organized a private expedition to the Nansha Islands and called some islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands in China "free land" without authorization. Subsequently, Philippine Vice President and Foreign Minister Garcia expressed support for Cloma’s activities. In response, a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China issued a statement on May 29th, solemnly pointing out that the Nansha Islands "have always been a part of China’s territory. People’s Republic of China (PRC) has indisputable legal sovereignty over these islands … … No country will be allowed to violate it under any pretext and in any way. " At the same time, the Taiwan, China authorities sent warships to patrol the Nansha Islands and resumed their stationing on Taiping Island in the Nansha Islands. Since then, the Philippine Foreign Ministry has indicated that the Philippine government did not know about Cloma’s move in advance and did not give its consent.

  59. 自20世纪70年代起,菲律宾先后以武力侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁,并提出非法领土要求。1970年8月和9月,菲律宾非法侵占马欢岛和费信岛;1971年4月,菲律宾非法侵占南钥岛和中业岛;1971年7月,菲律宾非法侵占西月岛和北子岛;1978年3月和1980年7月,菲律宾非法侵占双黄沙洲和司令礁。1978年6月,菲律宾总统马科斯签署第1596号总统令,将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁并连同周边大范围海域称为“卡拉延岛群”(“卡拉延”在他加禄语中意为“自由”),划设“卡拉延镇区”,非法列入菲律宾领土范围。

  60. 菲律宾还通过一系列国内立法,提出了自己的领海、专属经济区和大陆架等主张。其中部分与中国在南海的海洋权益产生冲突。

  61. 菲律宾为掩盖其非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的事实,实现其领土扩张的野心,炮制了一系列借口,包括:“卡拉延岛群”不属于南沙群岛,是“无主地”;南沙群岛在二战后是“托管地”;菲律宾占领南沙群岛是依据“地理邻近”和出于“国家安全”需要;“南沙群岛部分岛礁位于菲律宾专属经济区和大陆架上”;菲律宾“有效控制”有关岛礁已成为不能改变的“现状”等。

  (2) The illegal claims of the Philippines have no historical and legal basis.

  62. From the perspective of history and international law, the Philippines’ territorial claims to some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands are groundless.

  63. First, the Nansha Islands have never been an integral part of Philippine territory. The territorial scope of the Philippines has been determined by a series of international treaties. In this regard, the then ruler of the Philippines, the United States, was very clear. On August 12, 1933, Lu Leiyi, a former senator from the Philippines, wrote to Murphy, the governor of the United States in the Philippines, trying to claim that some Nansha islands constitute a part of the Philippine Islands on the grounds of geographical proximity. The relevant letters were forwarded to the US War Department and the State Council for processing. On October 9, 1933, the US Secretary of State replied that "these islands … … Far beyond the boundaries of the Philippine Islands acquired from Spain in 1898. " In May, 1935, U.S. Secretary of the Army Dunn sent a letter to Secretary of State Hull, asking the State Council to comment on the "legality and appropriateness" of Philippine territorial claims to some islands in Nansha Islands. A memorandum signed by Boggs, etc. in the Office of the Historical Adviser in the State Council, USA, pointed out that "obviously, the United States has no basis to claim that the islands concerned constitute a part of the Philippine Islands." On August 20, US Secretary of State Hull replied to US Secretary of the Army Dunn that "the islands of the Philippine Islands acquired by the United States from Spain according to the 1898 Treaty are limited to the boundaries stipulated in Article 3", and regarding the islands in the Nansha Islands, "It should be pointed out that,There is no indication that Spain has ever exercised sovereignty or made claims on any of these islands. " These documents prove that the territory of the Philippines never includes the South China Sea Islands, a fact recognized by the international community including the United States.

  Second, the statement that "Karayan Island Group" is a "no land" discovered by the Philippines is totally untrue. On the basis of the so-called "discovery" by its nationals in 1956, the Philippines called some islands and reefs of the Nansha Islands in China "Karayan Island Group" in an attempt to create confusion in geographical names and concepts and divide the Nansha Islands. In fact, the geographical scope of Nansha Islands is clear and definite. The so-called "Karayan Island Group" in the Philippines is a part of Nansha Islands in China. Nansha Islands have long been an inseparable part of China’s territory, and they are by no means "terra nullius".

  Third, the Nansha Islands are not a so-called "trust land". The Philippines said that after World War II, Nansha Islands was a "trust territory" with undetermined sovereignty. The Philippine statement has no basis in law and fact. The "trust sites" after World War II are clearly listed in relevant international treaties or relevant documents of the United Nations Trusteeship Council. The Nansha Islands have never appeared on the above list and are not "trust sites" at all.

  Fourthly, "geographical proximity" and "national security" are not the basis of international law for territorial acquisition. Part of the territory of many countries in the world is far from their native land, and some even lie near the coast of other countries. During the colonial rule of the United States in the Philippines, there was a dispute with the Netherlands over the sovereignty of an island near the Philippine Islands, and the territorial claim put forward by the United States on the grounds of "geographical proximity" was judged to have no basis in international law. It is even more absurd to occupy the territory of other countries on the grounds of so-called "national security".

  67. Fifthly, the Philippines claims that some islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands in China are located within its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, so the islands and reefs concerned belong to the Philippines or form an integral part of the Philippine continental shelf. This claim attempts to deny China’s territorial sovereignty with the maritime jurisdiction granted by the Convention, which runs counter to the principle of international law that "land rules the sea" and is totally inconsistent with the purpose and purpose of the Convention. The preamble of the Convention stipulates: "To establish a legal order for the ocean … … 。” Therefore, coastal countries must claim maritime jurisdiction on the premise of respecting the territorial sovereignty of other countries, and cannot extend their maritime jurisdiction to other countries’ territories, let alone deny their sovereignty and infringe on their territories.

  Sixthly, the so-called "effective control" in the Philippines is based on illegal occupation and is illegal and invalid. The international community does not recognize the so-called "effective control" formed by military occupation. The so-called "effective control" of the Philippines is a naked military occupation of some islands and reefs of Nansha Islands in China, which violates the Charter of the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the Charter) and the basic norms of international relations and is explicitly prohibited by international law. The so-called "effective control" of the Philippines based on illegal occupation cannot change the basic fact that the Nansha Islands are the territory of China. China resolutely opposes anyone’s attempt to regard the occupied state of some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands as a so-called "fait accompli" or "status quo", which China will never admit.

  (三)国际海洋法制度的发展导致中菲出现海洋划界争议

  69. 随着《公约》的制订和生效,中国和菲律宾之间的南海有关争议逐步激化。

  70. 基于中国人民和中国政府的长期历史实践及历届中国政府的一贯立场,根据国内法以及国际法,包括1958年《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》、1992年《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》、1996年《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准的决定》、1998年《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》和1982年《联合国海洋法公约》,中国南海诸岛拥有内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架。此外,中国在南海拥有历史性权利。

  71. 根据菲律宾1949年第387号共和国法案、1961年第3046号共和国法案、1968年第5446号共和国法案、1968年第370号总统公告、1978年第1599号总统令、2009年第9522号共和国法案等法律,菲律宾公布了内水、群岛水域、领海,专属经济区和大陆架。

  72. 在南海,中国的陆地领土海岸和菲律宾的陆地领土海岸相向,相距不足400海里。两国主张的海洋权益区域重叠,由此产生海洋划界争议。

  三、中菲已就解决南海有关争议达成共识

  73. 中国坚决捍卫对南海诸岛的主权,坚决反对菲律宾非法侵占中国岛礁,坚决反对菲律宾依据单方面主张在中国管辖海域采取侵权行为。同时,从维护南海和平稳定出发,中国保持高度克制,坚持和平解决中菲南海有关争议,并为此作出不懈努力。中国就管控海上分歧以及推动海上务实合作等与菲律宾进行多次磋商,双方就通过谈判解决南海有关争议,妥善管控有关分歧达成重要共识。

  (一)通过谈判解决南海有关争议是中菲共识和承诺

  74. 中国一贯致力于在相互尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则基础上与各国发展友好关系。

  75. 1975年6月,中菲关系实现正常化,两国在有关公报中明确指出,两国政府同意不诉诸武力,不以武力相威胁,和平解决所有争端。

  76. 实际上,中国在解决南海问题上的“搁置争议,共同开发”倡议,首先是对菲律宾提出的。1986年6月,中国领导人邓小平在会见菲律宾副总统萨尔瓦多·劳雷尔时,指出南沙群岛属于中国,同时针对有关分歧表示,“这个问题可以先搁置一下,先放一放。过几年后,我们坐下来,平心静气地商讨一个可为各方接受的方式。我们不会让这个问题妨碍与菲律宾和其他国家的友好关系”。1988年4月,邓小平在会见菲律宾总统科拉松·阿基诺时重申“对南沙群岛问题,中国最有发言权。南沙历史上就是中国领土,很长时间,国际上对此无异议”;“从两国友好关系出发,这个问题可先搁置一下,采取共同开发的办法”。此后,中国在处理南海有关争议及同南海周边国家发展双边关系问题上,一直贯彻了邓小平关于“主权属我,搁置争议,共同开发”的思想。

  Since the 1980s, the China has put forward a series of propositions and initiatives on controlling and resolving disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through negotiations. It has repeatedly reiterated its position on sovereignty over Nansha Islands, peaceful settlement of disputes in the South China Sea and the initiative of "shelving disputes and jointly developing", clearly expressing its opposition to the intervention of external forces and the internationalization of the South China Sea issue, and stressing that disputes should not be allowed to affect the development of bilateral relations.

  78. In July 1992, the 25th ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting held in Manila issued the ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea. China expressed his appreciation for the relevant principles elaborated in this declaration. China has always advocated peaceful settlement of territorial issues related to some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands through negotiations, opposed resorting to force, and is willing to negotiate with relevant countries to "shelve disputes and jointly develop" when conditions are ripe.

  In August 1995, China and the Philippines jointly issued the "Joint Statement on Consultation between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Philippines on South China Sea Issues and Cooperation in Other Fields", stating that "disputes should be settled by countries directly concerned"; "The two sides promised to cooperate step by step and finally settle their disputes through negotiation". Since then, China and the Philippines have confirmed the relevant consensus on resolving the South China Sea issue through bilateral negotiation and consultation through a series of bilateral documents, such as the Joint Communiqué of the Meeting of the Working Group on Confidence-building Measures between China and the Philippines in March 1999 and the Joint Statement of the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Framework of Bilateral Cooperation in the 21st Century in May 2000.

  80. In November 2002, China signed the Declaration with 10 ASEAN countries. In the Declaration, all parties solemnly promised: "According to the universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the sovereign countries directly concerned should resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means through friendly consultations and negotiations, without resorting to force or threat of force."

  81. Since then, China and the Philippines have confirmed their solemn commitments in the Declaration through a series of bilateral documents, such as the Joint Press Communiqué of the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines in September 2004 and the Joint Statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of the Philippines in September 2011.

  82. The above-mentioned bilateral documents between China and the Philippines and the relevant provisions of the Declaration reflect the following consensus and commitments reached by China and the Philippines on resolving disputes in the South China Sea: First, relevant disputes should be resolved between sovereign countries directly concerned; Second, relevant disputes should be settled peacefully through negotiation and consultation on the basis of equality and mutual respect; Third, the sovereign countries directly concerned "finally negotiated and resolved the disputes between the two sides" in accordance with recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

  83. China and the Philippines have repeatedly reiterated that the relevant disputes should be settled through negotiations, and repeatedly stressed that the relevant negotiations should be conducted by the sovereign countries directly concerned. The above provisions have obviously had the effect of excluding any third-party dispute settlement methods. In particular, the 1995 Joint Statement stipulated that "the disputes between the two sides should be finally settled through negotiation". The word "finally" here is obviously to emphasize that "negotiation" is the only dispute settlement method that both sides have chosen, and to exclude any other means including third-party dispute settlement procedures. The above consensus and commitment constitute an agreement between the two countries to exclude the settlement of disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through third-party dispute settlement. This agreement must be observed.

  (2) It is the consensus between China and the Philippines to properly control the disputes in the South China Sea.

  84. China has always maintained that all parties should control disputes by formulating rules, improving mechanisms, pragmatic cooperation and joint development, so as to create a good atmosphere for the final settlement of disputes in the South China Sea.

  85. Since the 1990s, China and the Philippines have reached a series of consensuses on controlling disputes: First, they should exercise restraint in relevant disputes and refrain from taking actions that may lead to the escalation of the situation; Second, insist on controlling disputes through bilateral consultation mechanism; Third, persist in promoting pragmatic cooperation and joint development at sea; Fourth, the relevant disputes should not affect the healthy development of bilateral relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea.

  86. In the Declaration, China and the Philippines also reached the following consensus: maintain self-restraint and refrain from actions that complicate and expand disputes and affect peace and stability; Before the peaceful settlement of territorial and jurisdictional disputes, in the spirit of cooperation and understanding, strive to find various ways to build mutual trust; Explore or carry out cooperation in marine environmental protection, marine scientific research, maritime navigation and traffic safety, search and rescue, and combating transnational crimes.

  87. China and the Philippines have made positive progress in managing differences and conducting pragmatic cooperation at sea.

  88. In March 1999, China and the Philippines held the first meeting of the Working Group on Confidence-Building Measures in the South China Sea. The Joint Communiqué of the Meeting of the Working Group on Confidence-Building Measures between China and the Philippines pointed out that "the two sides promised to settle disputes peacefully through consultation in accordance with widely accepted principles of international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, … … The two sides agreed to exercise restraint and not take actions that may lead to the escalation of the situation. "

  In April 2001, the Joint Press Statement of the Third Expert Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures issued by China and the Philippines pointed out that "the two sides recognized that the bilateral consultation mechanism established by the two countries to explore ways of cooperation in the South China Sea was fruitful, and a series of understandings and consensus reached by the two sides played a constructive role in maintaining the healthy development of Sino-Philippine relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea."

  90. In September, 2004, witnessed by the leaders of China and the Philippines, China Offshore Oil Corporation and Philippine National Oil Company signed the Agreement on Joint Marine Seismic Work in Parts of the South China Sea. With the consent of China and the Philippines, in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines and Viet Nam signed the Tripartite Joint Marine Seismic Work Agreement in the South China Sea Agreement Zone, and it was agreed that the oil companies of the three countries would complete the collection and processing of a certain number of 2D and/or 3D seismic lines in the agreement zone of about 143,000 square kilometers within the three-year agreement period, reprocess a certain number of existing 2D seismic lines, and study and evaluate the oil resources in the agreement zone. In 2007, the Joint Statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of the Philippines stated that "the two sides believe that the tripartite joint marine seismic work in the South China Sea can serve as a model for regional cooperation. The two sides agreed to explore the next stage of tripartite cooperation to a higher level to strengthen the good momentum of building mutual trust in the region. "

  91. Regrettably, due to the lack of willingness of the Philippines to cooperate, the meeting of the Working Group on Confidence Measures between China and the Philippines has come to a standstill, and the joint marine seismic survey between China, the Philippines and Vietnam has failed to continue.

  4. The Philippines has repeatedly taken actions that complicate the dispute.

  92. Since the 1980s, the Philippines has repeatedly taken actions that complicate the dispute.

  (1) The Philippines is trying to expand its occupation of some islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands in China.

  93. Since the 1980s, the Philippines has been building military facilities on the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands in China, which have been illegally occupied. In the 1990s, the Philippines continued to build airports and naval and air bases on the illegally occupied islands and reefs in Nansha Islands, China, focusing on Zhongye Island in Nansha Islands, China, and continued to build and renovate airports, barracks, docks and other facilities on the illegally occupied islands and reefs, so as to facilitate the landing and landing of heavy transport aircraft and fighter planes and accommodate more and larger ships. The Philippines also deliberately provoked and frequently sent warships and planes to invade Wufang Reef, Xian ‘e Reef, Xinyi Reef, Half Moon Reef and Ren’ai Reef in Nansha Islands of China, wantonly destroying the survey marks set by China.

  What’s more, on May 9, 1999, the Philippines sent a tank landing ship No.57 to invade Ren’ai Reef, China, and illegally "sat on the beach" on the reef under the pretext of "technical failure". China immediately made solemn representations to the Philippines, demanding that the ship be towed away immediately. The Philippines, on the other hand, said that the ship "lacked parts" and could not be towed away.

  95. In this regard, China continued to make representations to the Philippines and repeatedly asked the Philippines to tow the ship. For example, in November 1999, China’s ambassador to the Philippines met with Philippine Foreign Minister Siazon and the director of the President’s Office, Lani Hyssos, to negotiate again about the illegal landing of the ship on the Ren’ai Reef. Although the Philippines has repeatedly promised to withdraw the ship from Ren’ai Reef, it has been dragging its feet.

  96. In September 2003, after learning that the Philippines was going to build facilities around the warships illegally "sitting on the beach" in Ren’ai Reef, China immediately made solemn representations. Acting Philippine Foreign Minister Abdalin said that the Philippines has no intention of building facilities on the Ren’ai Reef. As a signatory to the Declaration, the Philippines will not and will not be the first violator.

  97. However, the Philippines refused to fulfill its promise to tow the ship, but instead intensified its efforts and took further provocative actions. In February 2013, the Philippines pulled up the fixed cable around the illegal "sitting on the beach", and the crew on board frequently moved to prepare for the construction of fixed facilities. After repeated representations from China, Philippine Defense Minister Gasmin claimed that the Philippines was only replenishing and repairing the ship and promised not to build facilities on the Ren’ai Reef.

  98. On March 14th, 2014, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines issued a statement, openly claiming that the reason why the Philippines used the No.57 tank landing ship to "sit on the beach" in Ren’ai Reef was to "deploy the warship in Ren’ai Reef as a permanent facility of the Philippine government", in an attempt to use this as an excuse to continue to refuse to fulfill the promise of towing the ship, so as to achieve the purpose of occupying Ren’ai Reef. China immediately expressed shock at this and reiterated that it would never allow the Philippine side to occupy the Ren’ai Reef in any form.

  99. In July 2015, the Philippines publicly stated that it was consolidating its warships sitting on the beach in Ren’ai Reef.

  100. The Philippines used a warship to "sit on the beach" in Ren’ai Reef, but promised to tow it away, but always reneged on it until it took reinforcement measures and proved by its own practical actions that the Philippines was the first country to openly violate the Declaration.

  101. 长期以来,菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛有关岛礁,并在岛礁上修筑各种军事设施,企图制造既成事实,长期霸占。菲律宾的所作所为,严重侵犯中国对南沙群岛有关岛礁的主权,严重违反《宪章》和国际法基本准则。

  (二)菲律宾一再扩大海上侵权

  102. 自20世纪70年代起,菲律宾依据其单方面主张,先后侵入中国南沙群岛礼乐滩、忠孝滩等地进行非法油气钻探,包括就有关区块进行对外招标。

  103. 进入21世纪以来,菲律宾扩大对外招标范围,大面积侵入中国南沙群岛有关海域。2003年,菲律宾将大片中国南沙群岛相关海域划为对外招标区块。2014年5月,菲律宾进行了第5轮油气招标,其中4个招标区块侵入中国南沙群岛相关海域。

  104. 菲律宾还不断侵入中国南沙群岛有关海域,袭扰中国渔民和渔船正常生产作业。据不完全统计,1989年至2015年,在上述海域共发生菲律宾非法侵犯中国渔民生命和财产安全事件97件,其中枪击8件,抢劫34件,抓扣40件,追赶15件;共涉及中国渔船近200艘,渔民上千人。菲律宾还野蛮、粗暴对待中国渔民,施以非人道待遇。

  105. Filipino armed men often ignore the lives of fishermen in China and use excessive force. For example, on April 27, 2006, armed fishing boats from the Philippines invaded the southern shoal of Nansha Islands in China and attacked the fishing boat Qiongqionghai 03012 from China. An armed dinghy and four gunmen from the Philippines approached the fishing boat in China and fired directly at the bridge of the fishing boat, causing four fishermen, including Andy Chen Chao, to die on the spot, two seriously injured and one slightly injured. Subsequently, 13 gunmen forcibly boarded the fishing boat and robbed the ship of satellite navigation, communication equipment, production tools and catches.

  106. The Philippines has repeatedly taken various maritime tort actions in an attempt to expand its illegal claims in the South China Sea and seriously violated China’s sovereignty and related rights and interests in the South China Sea. The infringement of rights in the Philippines has seriously violated its commitment in the Declaration to exercise self-restraint and not to take actions that complicate and enlarge disputes. The Philippines shot and robbed China fishing boats and fishermen, illegally detained China fishermen and treated them inhumanely, which seriously violated the personal and property safety and personal dignity of China fishermen and blatantly trampled on basic human rights.

  (3) The Philippines attempted to get its hands on Huangyan Island in China.

  107. The Philippines has also made territorial claims and attempted to illegally occupy Huangyan Island in China.

  108. Huangyan Island is an inherent territory of China, and China has continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over Huangyan Island.

  109. Before 1997, the Philippines never disputed that Huangyan Island belonged to China, and never claimed the territory of Huangyan Island. On February 5, 1990, Philippine Ambassador to Germany Bianco Nido wrote to German radio enthusiast Dieter, saying: "According to the Philippine National Map and Resource Information Bureau, scarborough Reef or Huangyan Island is not within the territorial sovereignty of the Philippines."

  On October 28th, 1994, the National Map and Resources Information Bureau of the Philippines issued the Certificate of the Territorial Boundary of the Republic of the Philippines, which stated that "the territorial boundary and sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines are determined by Article 3 of the Paris Treaty signed on December 10th, 1898" and confirmed that "the territorial boundary shown in the No.25 official map issued by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines through the National Map and Resources Information Bureau is completely correct and reflects the real state". As mentioned earlier, the Paris Treaty and two other treaties have defined the territorial boundary of the Philippines, and Huangyan Island in China is obviously outside this boundary. Official map no.25 reflects this fact. In a letter to the American Radio Association on November 18, 1994, the Philippine Radio Enthusiast Association wrote, "It is a very important fact that the relevant government agencies (in the Philippines) stated that scarborough Reef is located outside the territorial boundary of the Philippines based on Article 3 of the Paris Treaty signed on December 10, 1898."

  111. In April 1997, the Philippines changed its position that its territorial scope did not include Huangyan Island, followed, monitored and interfered with the exploration activities of the international joint amateur radio expedition organized by China Radio Sports Association, and even ignored historical facts, claiming that Huangyan Island was within the exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles advocated by the Philippines, so it was Philippine territory. In this regard, China has repeatedly made representations to the Philippines, clearly pointing out that Huangyan Island is the inherent territory of China, and the Philippine claim is unreasonable, illegal and invalid.

  112. On February 17, 2009, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 9522, which illegally classified Huangyan Island in China and some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands as Philippine territory. In this regard, China immediately made representations to the Philippines and issued a statement, reaffirming China’s sovereignty over Huangyan Island and Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. Any other country’s claim for territorial sovereignty over Huangyan Island and Nansha Islands is illegal and invalid.

  113. On April 10th, 2012, the Philippine warship "Del pilar" broke into the waters near Huangyan Island in China, illegally arrested and severely treated China fishermen and fishing boats operating in the waters, and deliberately provoked the Huangyan Island incident. China made solemn representations to the Philippines many times in Beijing and Manila, strongly protesting against the Philippines’ violation of China’s territorial sovereignty and hurting China fishermen, and demanding that the Philippines immediately withdraw all ships and personnel. At the same time, the China government quickly dispatched sea surveillance and fishery law enforcement vessels to Huangyan Island to safeguard sovereignty and rescue fishermen in China. In June, 2012, after repeated solemn representations by China, the Philippines withdrew relevant ships and personnel from Huangyan Island.

  114. The illegal territorial claim of the Philippines to Huangyan Island in China has no basis in international law. The so-called claim that Huangyan Island is within the exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles in the Philippines but is Philippine territory is obviously a deliberate and absurd distortion of international law. The Philippine sent warships into the waters near Huangyan Island, which seriously violated China’s territorial sovereignty and the basic principles of the Charter and international law. The Philippines encouraged and encouraged Philippine ships and personnel to invade the waters of Huangyan Island in China on a large scale, which seriously violated China’s sovereignty and sovereign rights in the waters of Huangyan Island. The Philippines illegally detained China fishermen who were operating normally in the waters of Huangyan Island and subjected them to severe inhuman treatment, which seriously violated the personal dignity of China fishermen and trampled on human rights.

  (D) The unilateral arbitration initiated by the Philippines is a malicious act.

  115. On January 22, 2013, the then government of the Republic of the Philippines violated the consensus reached between China and the Philippines and repeatedly confirmed that disputes in the South China Sea should be resolved through negotiations, and violated its solemn commitment made in the Declaration. Knowing that territorial disputes did not fall within the scope of adjustment of the Convention and that maritime delimitation disputes had been excluded by China’s relevant statement in 2006, it deliberately packaged the disputes into simple issues of interpretation or application of the Convention and abused the Convention. The Philippine move is not to resolve the dispute with China, but to deny China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. The behavior of the Philippines is malicious.

  116. First, the Philippines unilaterally initiated arbitration, which violated the agreement between China and the Philippines to resolve disputes through bilateral negotiations. In relevant bilateral documents, China and the Philippines have reached an agreement on resolving disputes in the South China Sea through negotiations and confirmed it many times. In the Declaration, China and the Philippines made a solemn commitment to resolve the disputes in the South China Sea through negotiations, which were repeatedly confirmed in bilateral documents. The above-mentioned bilateral documents between China and the Philippines and the relevant provisions of the Declaration complement each other and constitute an agreement between China and the Philippines. On this basis, the two countries chose to solve the relevant disputes by negotiation, and excluded third-party methods including arbitration. The agreement must be observed. This basic norm of international law must be implemented. The Philippines’ violation of its solemn commitments is a serious breach of trust, and it does not create any rights for the Philippines, nor does it create any obligations for China.

  117. Secondly, the Philippine unilaterally initiated arbitration, which violated China’s right to choose its own dispute settlement method as a party to the Convention. Article 280 of Part XV of the Convention stipulates that "nothing in this Convention shall prejudice the right of any contracting state to agree at any time to settle disputes between them concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention by any peaceful means of its own choice"; Article 281 stipulates that "if the contracting States, as the parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, have agreed to seek a settlement of the dispute by peaceful means of their own choice, the procedures stipulated in this Part will only be applied if this method has not been resolved and the agreement between the parties to the dispute does not exclude any other procedures". Since China and the Philippines have made a clear choice to resolve disputes through negotiations, the third-party compulsory dispute settlement procedure stipulated in the Convention is not applicable.

  118. Third, the Philippines unilaterally initiated arbitration and abused the dispute settlement procedure of the Convention. The essence of the arbitration initiated by the Philippines is the territorial sovereignty of some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands, and related matters also constitute an inseparable part of the maritime delimitation between China and the Philippines. The issue of land territory does not fall within the scope of adjustment of the Convention. In 2006, China made an exclusionary declaration in accordance with Article 298 of the Convention, excluding disputes involving maritime delimitation, historic bays or ownership, military and law enforcement actions from the dispute settlement procedure of the Convention. The exclusionary declarations made by about 30 countries, including China, constitute an integral part of the dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention. The Philippines maliciously circumvented China’s restrictions that exclusionary statements and land and territorial disputes are not matters regulated by the Convention through packaging appeals, and unilaterally initiated arbitration, which constituted an abuse of the dispute settlement procedure of the Convention.

  119. Fourthly, in order to promote arbitration, the Philippines fabricated facts, misinterpreted laws and fabricated a series of lies:

  — — Knowing that its arbitration claim involves China’s territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea, the Philippines deliberately misinterprets and packages it as an issue of interpretation or application of the Convention.

  — — The Philippines knows that its arbitration claim involves maritime delimitation, and China has made a declaration in accordance with Article 298 of the Convention, excluding disputes including maritime delimitation from the third-party dispute settlement procedure stipulated in the Convention, but it deliberately separates all factors that need to be considered in the process of maritime delimitation and treats them in isolation in an attempt to evade China’s relevant exclusionary statement;

  — — Ignoring the fact that China and the Philippines have never conducted any negotiations on their arbitration matters, the Philippines deliberately misinterpreted some of its consultations with China on general maritime affairs and cooperation as negotiations on arbitration matters, and claimed that bilateral negotiation means had been exhausted on this pretext;

  — — The Philippines claims that it does not seek to determine any territorial ownership or delineate any maritime boundary. However, in the arbitration process, especially in the trial, it has repeatedly denied China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea;

  — — Ignoring China’s consistent position and practice on the South China Sea issue, the Philippines falsely claims that China claims exclusive maritime rights and interests over the whole South China Sea;

  — — The Philippines deliberately exaggerates the historical role of western colonists in the South China Sea, and denies the historical facts and corresponding legal effects of China’s long-term development, management and jurisdiction of relevant waters in the South China Sea;

  — — The Philippines is far-fetched, piecing together evidence that is not relevant and probative, and strongly supporting its claim;

  — — The Philippines interprets the rules of international law at will, citing a large number of highly controversial judicial cases and non-authoritative personal opinions to support its demands.

  120. In short, the unilateral arbitration initiated by the Philippines violates international law, including the dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention. The arbitral tribunal of the South China Sea arbitration case, established at the unilateral request of the Philippines, has no jurisdiction from the beginning, and its award is invalid and not binding. China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea are not affected by the arbitral award under any circumstances. China does not accept or recognize the award, and opposes and does not accept any claims and actions based on the arbitral award.

  V. China’s policy in handling the South China Sea issue.

  121. China is an important force in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea. China always abides by the purposes and principles of the Charter, firmly upholds and promotes the international rule of law, respects and practices international law, while firmly safeguarding China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, persists in resolving disputes through negotiation and consultation, persists in managing differences through rules and mechanisms, persists in achieving win-win results through mutually beneficial cooperation, and is committed to building the South China Sea into a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation.

  122. China insists on maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea together with regional countries, firmly safeguards the freedom of navigation and overflight enjoyed by all countries in the South China Sea in accordance with international law, actively advocates the efforts of foreign countries to respect regional countries, and plays a constructive role in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea.

  (1) On the territorial issue of Nansha Islands

  123. China firmly upholds its sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and their adjacent waters. Some countries have put forward illegal territorial claims and occupied some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands by force, which is a serious violation of the Charter and the basic norms of international relations. It is illegal and invalid. China resolutely opposes this and demands that the countries concerned stop invading China’s territory.

  124. China has always been committed to resolving relevant disputes through negotiations with the countries directly concerned, including the Philippines, on the basis of respecting historical facts and in accordance with international law.

  125. As we all know, the issue of land territory is not a matter regulated by the Convention. Therefore, the Convention does not apply to the territorial issue of Nansha Islands.

  (2) On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea.

  126. China maintains that the countries directly concerned should solve the maritime delimitation in the South China Sea fairly through negotiations in accordance with international laws, including the Convention. Before the final settlement of the demarcation issue, all parties should exercise self-restraint and refrain from actions that complicate and enlarge the dispute and affect peace and stability.

  In 1996, when ratifying the Convention, China declared: "People’s Republic of China (PRC) will demarcate its maritime jurisdiction with countries with opposite or adjacent coasts through consultation, on the basis of international law and in accordance with the principle of fairness." In 1998, the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf further clarified the principled position of China in solving the maritime delimitation problem with its maritime neighbors, that is, "If People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s claims on the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf overlap with those of countries with adjacent coasts or opposite coasts, the boundary shall be demarcated by agreement on the basis of international law in accordance with the principle of fairness" and "the provisions of this Law shall not affect the historical rights enjoyed by People’s Republic of China (PRC)".

  128. China does not accept any attempt to impose maritime jurisdiction on China through unilateral actions, nor does it recognize any action that harms China’s maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.

  (3) About dispute settlement methods

  129. Based on a deep understanding of international practice and China’s own rich national practice, China firmly believes that no matter which mechanism or method is chosen to solve any disputes between countries, it should be based on the consent of the state.

  130. On the issue of territorial and maritime delimitation, China does not accept any dispute settlement scheme imposed on China, nor does it accept any recourse to a third party. On August 25, 2006, China submitted a statement to the Secretary-General of the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 298 of the Convention, stating that "regarding any dispute mentioned in Article 298 (1) (a), (b) and (c) of the Convention, the government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) will not accept any procedures stipulated in Section 2 of Part XV of the Convention", and it is clear that it will involve maritime delimitation, historic bays or.

  ?

  (4) On managing differences in the South China Sea and conducting pragmatic cooperation at sea.

  According to international law and practice, before a maritime dispute is finally settled, the countries concerned should exercise restraint and make every effort to make practical temporary arrangements, including establishing and improving dispute control rules and mechanisms, carrying out cooperation in various fields, promoting "shelving disputes and jointly developing", maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea and creating conditions for the final settlement of disputes. The relevant cooperation and joint development shall not prejudice the demarcation of the final boundary.

  133. China actively promotes the establishment of bilateral maritime consultation mechanisms with relevant countries to explore joint development in the fields of fisheries, oil and gas, and advocates that relevant countries actively explore the establishment of cooperation mechanisms among coastal countries in the South China Sea in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention.

  China has always been committed to working with ASEAN countries to fully and effectively implement the Declaration and actively promote pragmatic cooperation at sea. It has achieved "early harvest" results, including the establishment of "China-ASEAN joint maritime search and rescue hotline platform", "China-ASEAN senior diplomatic officials hotline platform for responding to maritime emergencies" and "China-ASEAN joint maritime search and rescue sand table deduction".

  135. China has always advocated that all parties actively promote the consultation on the "Code of Conduct in the South China Sea" within the framework of full and effective implementation of the Declaration, and strive to reach the "Code" at an early date on the basis of consensus. In order to properly control maritime risks before the "Code" is finally reached, China proposed to explore and formulate "preventive measures for maritime risk control", which was unanimously recognized by ASEAN countries.

  (5) Freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea

  136. China has always been committed to safeguarding the freedom of navigation and overflight enjoyed by all countries in accordance with international law and safeguarding the safety of sea lanes.

  137. There are many important navigation channels in the South China Sea, and the related channel is also one of the main channels for China’s foreign trade and energy import. It is very important for China to guarantee the freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea and safeguard the safety of the sea channel in the South China Sea. For a long time, China has been committed to working with ASEAN countries to ensure the smoothness and safety of the South China Sea waterway, and has made significant contributions. There is no problem with the freedom of navigation and overflight enjoyed by countries in the South China Sea according to international law.

  138. China actively provides international public goods, and strives to provide services to the international community, including navigation AIDS, search and rescue, sea conditions and weather forecasts, through various capacity building, so as to ensure and promote the safety of maritime navigation channels in the South China Sea.

  139. China maintains that when all parties concerned exercise freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea, they should fully respect the sovereignty and security interests of coastal States and abide by the laws and regulations formulated by coastal States in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and other rules of international law.

  (6) On jointly safeguarding peace and stability in the South China Sea

  140. China maintains that peace and stability in the South China Sea should be jointly maintained by China and ASEAN countries.

  141. China adheres to the path of peaceful development, the defensive national defense policy, the new security concept of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation, the neighboring foreign policy of being a good neighbor and partner, and the neighboring foreign policy of being good, secure and rich, and practicing the diplomatic concept of being close, sincere, beneficial and tolerant. China is a staunch force for maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation and development in the South China Sea. China is committed to deepening good-neighborliness and friendship with neighboring countries, actively promoting pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries and regional organizations such as ASEAN, and achieving mutual benefit and win-win results.

  142. The South China Sea is not only a bridge between China and neighboring countries, but also a link of peace, friendship, cooperation and development between China and neighboring countries. Peace and stability in the South China Sea are closely related to the security, development and prosperity of countries in the region and the well-being of people in the region. Achieving peace, stability, prosperity and development in the South China Sea is the common aspiration and responsibility of China and ASEAN countries, and it is in the common interest of all countries.

  143. China will continue to make unremitting efforts to this end.