????□ Legal Daily reporter Pu Xiaolei

????Do I need to register for business if I sell my own agricultural and sideline products on the e-commerce platform?

????Who will bear the risks and responsibilities in commodity transportation?

????How to solve the problem of unfair trading behavior of operators in the e-commerce platform?

????How to solve the problem that it is difficult for consumers to report complaints and obtain evidence?

????……

????All these questions can be answered in the second draft of the draft e-commerce law submitted to the 30th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation today.

??? Exemption from further relaxation of industrial and commercial registration scope

????Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of the first draft stipulates that e-commerce operators shall handle industrial and commercial registration according to law. However, there is no need to obtain permission in accordance with the law to provide labor services with personal skills, cottage industry, self-production and marketing of agricultural products, and there is no need for industrial and commercial registration in accordance with laws and regulations. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

????In this regard, there are two opinions: one opinion is that the scope of exemption from industrial and commercial registration is too narrow, which is not conducive to the development of e-commerce. Another view is that the draft is generally consistent with the provisions of the measures for investigating unlicensed business recently promulgated and implemented in the State Council. At present, industrial and commercial registration and tax registration have been merged, and one photo and one yard are implemented. Industrial and commercial registration is the basis of tax collection and management, and industrial and commercial registration should be unified online and offline.

????After research, the Law Committee suggested that the above provisions be amended as follows: E-commerce operators should handle industrial and commercial registration according to law. However, sales of self-produced agricultural and sideline products, sales of household handicraft products, personal use of their own skills to engage in convenient labor services activities that do not require permission according to law, and industrial and commercial registration is not required according to laws and administrative regulations.

??? E-commerce operators shall not fabricate user evaluations.

????Some members of the Standing Committee, local governments, departments and the public suggested further strengthening the obligations of e-commerce operators, especially platform operators, and strengthening the protection of consumers’ rights and interests.

????After research, the Law Committee proposes to add the following provisions:

????E-commerce operators shall not infringe consumers’ right to know by means of false propaganda, fictitious transactions, fabricated user evaluations, etc.

????E-commerce operators shall deliver goods or services to consumers in the way and within the time limit promised or agreed with consumers, and bear the risks and responsibilities in the transportation of goods. However, unless the consumer and the e-commerce operator agree to choose another express logistics service provider.

????E-commerce operators shall clearly indicate the methods and procedures for users to cancel, and shall not set unreasonable conditions for users to cancel.

????E-commerce platform operators shall bear the responsibilities of commodity sellers or service providers according to law for commodity transactions or service transactions marked as self-operated businesses.

????E-commerce platform operators should display search results to consumers in various ways according to the price, sales volume and credit level of goods or services; For the goods or services ranked by bidding, "advertising" shall be clearly marked.

??? Platform operators shall not charge unreasonable fees.

????Some members of the Standing Committee, enterprises, experts and the public suggested that the relevant provisions of the draft should be improved in view of the unreasonable service agreements and trading rules used by e-commerce platforms to implement unfair trading behaviors against operators in the platform.

????After study, the Law Committee recommends the following amendments:

????In article 23 of the first draft, the provision that operators of e-commerce platforms should publicly solicit opinions when modifying the platform service agreement and publicize the modified contents in advance is added.

????Item 5 of Article 55 of the first draft is amended as follows: Operators of e-commerce platforms shall not unreasonably restrict or attach unreasonable trading conditions to the transactions and transaction prices of operators within the platform by means of service agreements and trading rules, or charge unreasonable fees to operators within the platform.

??? Strengthen the intellectual property protection responsibility of platform operators

????Article 53 of the first draft stipulates that if the operators in the e-commerce platform "know" that they infringe intellectual property rights, they shall take necessary measures such as deletion according to law.

????Some members of the Standing Committee, departments, enterprises and experts suggested further strengthening the intellectual property protection responsibility of platform operators.

????After research, the Law Committee suggested that the above provisions should be amended as follows: if the operators of e-commerce platforms know or should know that the operators in the platforms infringe intellectual property rights, they should take necessary measures such as deleting, shielding, disconnecting links, terminating transactions and services; If necessary measures are not taken, they shall be jointly and severally liable with the infringer. At the same time, in Article 54 of the first draft, it is added that if the operator of the e-commerce platform fails to take necessary measures in time after receiving the notice of infringement of intellectual property rights by the operators in the platform, it shall be jointly and severally liable for the expanded damage and the operators in the platform.

??? Operators shall promptly accept and handle complaints.

????Some members of the Standing Committee, local authorities, experts, and the public suggested that it is difficult for consumers to report complaints and obtain evidence in practice, and further improve the norms for handling disputes in e-commerce.

????After research, the Law Committee suggested that "e-commerce dispute settlement" should be a separate chapter, and the following provisions should be added:

????E-commerce operators should establish a convenient and effective complaint and reporting mechanism, disclose information such as complaint and reporting methods, and promptly accept and handle complaints and reports.

????In e-commerce dispute handling, e-commerce operators should provide original contracts and transaction records. If the people’s court, the arbitration institution or the relevant authorities are unable to ascertain the facts because the e-commerce operators have lost, forged, tampered with, destroyed, concealed or refused to provide the above information, the e-commerce operators shall bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

　　On the morning of March 11th, the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference in the Great Hall of the People, and Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China attended the press conference. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Bogu photo

　　Reduce taxes and fees

　　Before the end of June this year, the remaining tax credits for small and micro enterprises will be refunded in one lump sum.

　　Reporter from American Consumer News and Business Channel: According to relevant research conducted by the National Finance and Development Laboratory, fee reduction is the biggest help for small enterprises, followed by tax reduction. Can you share with us specific data about the impact of tax reduction and fee reduction? In addition, due to the slowdown in the development of the real estate market, local government finances have decreased. What are your considerations in this regard? And when it comes to consumption, will the government consider issuing consumer vouchers and other similar policy measures?

　　Li Keqiang: The conclusion should be supported by theory and practice. From our practice in recent years, the effect of tax reduction and fee reduction is the most direct. I remember talking to more than a dozen entrepreneurs in the eastern region last year. They talked about the difficulties in the operation of enterprises and hoped that the state would introduce some macro-support policies. I said at that time that the central government’s policy reserves were available, but they needed to be used centrally. There are three choices, but you can only make multiple-choice questions, that is, choose one out of three. First, large-scale investment, maybe you can get an order. Second, issuing coupons may directly stimulate consumption. The third is to reduce taxes and fees for enterprises, stabilize employment and promote investment and consumption. They were silent for a while and almost replied with one voice, we chose the third option. Because this is the most direct, fair and efficient. Judging from the relevant reports I received this year, tax reduction and fee reduction are generally regarded as the first expectation of the government’s macro policy. It seems that fertilization has to be applied to the roots, and the roots can flourish.

　　I also saw from the materials that some people are worried that the marginal effect has been decreasing after the tax reduction and fee reduction has been implemented for several years, that is to say, the effect is not as great as before. The large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction we implemented this time is a combination of tax rebate and tax reduction, with a scale of 2.5 trillion yuan. When the economy was hit hardest in 2020, it was such a large policy scale that we finally survived, and this time we adjusted the structure and put the tax rebate first. The so-called tax refund means that according to the design of the value-added tax system, the market subject is similar to the tax paid first and then returned. We adopt the method of early tax refund, that is, we will refund the remaining tax to the enterprise at one time, with a scale of more than 1.5 trillion yuan. If the effect is good, we will increase our efforts.

　　We give priority to small and micro enterprises in tax refund, because small and micro enterprises are large in quantity and wide in scope, support a large number of employed people, and now it is the most tense and difficult time for them to have funds. Therefore, before the end of June this year, we will refund the remaining tax credits of small and micro enterprises in one lump sum, fully solve the remaining tax credits of some key industries such as manufacturing, R&D services and so on, and solve the incremental tax rebates for small and micro enterprises month by month. When I participated in the discussion in the CPPCC, a CPPCC member was an entrepreneur, and he told me that compared with other measures such as tax reduction and fee reduction and investment, the tax rebate effect came fastest and best. There may be many twists and turns in running a project. Tax refund is equivalent to finding money directly for enterprises and increasing cash flow, which is timely rain. It seems that it is better to say a thousand words than to do something practical, and this key measure must be put in place.

　　Reducing taxes and fees is a subtraction, but it is also an addition in essence, because if you retire today, you will increase tomorrow. If you reduce today, you may increase tomorrow. Last year, the money paid by the new tax market participants exceeded the money we reduced taxes in that year, which is recorded. Since we implemented the value-added tax reform in 2013, it has been reduced by 8.7 trillion yuan under the guidance of tax reduction. At that time, our fiscal revenue was about 11 trillion yuan, and last year it exceeded 20 trillion yuan, nearly doubling. Because enterprises have benefited from this process, the benefits have increased. It can be said that there are many fish in the deep water, which is to conserve tax sources and cultivate and expand market players.

　　Just now, you said that local fiscal revenue has encountered new difficulties, and we have noticed it. Therefore, this year’s increase in transfer payments from the central government to local governments is rare for many years, with an increase of 18% and a total scale of 9.8 trillion yuan. The tax rebate is mainly paid by the central government, and of course, local governments have to "chip in". Our tax refund money goes directly to enterprises. Considering the difficulties of the grassroots, our transfer payment subsidy funds go directly to the grassroots below the city and county. Local governments should be "iron cocks", and they should not spend any money they shouldn’t spend. They should not spend any less money on market players. An extra point would add luster.

　　Situation in Ukraine

　　Support and encourage all efforts that are conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis.

　　Reuters: Since Russia launched its attack on Ukraine, two million refugees and hundreds of civilians have died. People are also worried about the prospect of nuclear escalation, but China has never condemned Russia’s behavior or called it "invasion". Will China not condemn Russia anyway? Will China further provide economic and financial support to Russia in the face of sanctions? Are you worried that this will be negatively affected by sanctions from other countries?

　　Li Keqiang: As I said just now, China has always pursued an independent foreign policy of peace. Regarding the situation in Ukraine, China advocates that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries should be respected, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter should be observed, and the legitimate security concerns of all countries should be taken seriously. China makes our own judgment on this basis and is willing to play an active role in returning to peace with the international community.

　　The current situation in Ukraine is indeed worrying. We should do our utmost to support Russia and Ukraine to overcome difficulties and negotiate a peaceful outcome. We support and encourage all efforts that are conducive to a peaceful settlement of the crisis. It is urgent to avoid the tension from escalating or even getting out of control, and the international community and all parties have a consensus on this.

　　China calls for maximum restraint to prevent a large-scale humanitarian crisis. China has put forward an initiative to deal with the humanitarian situation in Ukraine and will continue to provide humanitarian assistance to Ukraine.

　　At present, the world economy is already very difficult because of the impact of the epidemic, and the relevant sanctions will have an impact on the recovery of the world economy, which is not good for all parties. China is willing to make its own constructive efforts to safeguard world peace and stability and promote development and prosperity.

　　stabilize employment

　　Give full play to the wisdom of ordinary people, and the big stage of employment will be colorful

　　Reporter from China Central Radio and Television General Station: At present, we have seen that some enterprises have unstable expectations, some industries have reduced their jobs, and some enterprises have laid off employees. On the other hand, the new population in need of employment is increasing. May I ask the Prime Minister, what measures will we take this year to achieve the goal of stable employment?

　　Li Keqiang: Employment is not only a livelihood issue, but also a development issue. Only when you have employment can you earn money, make a living and create wealth for the society. I remember when I went to the enterprise for investigation last year, a person in charge of the enterprise told me that in August, many employees advanced their wages to him. Why? Children have to pay tuition in September. Before the Spring Festival, I went to the northwest countryside for investigation. A farmer told me that it costs more than 10,000 yuan a year for one of his children to go to college, and more than 8,000 yuan a year for another child to go to high school. It is impossible to grow a few acres of land, but there must be income from working. I am really moved by our people. They are working hard. Working and getting jobs are not only related to the current family livelihood, but also strive for a better future for the next generation.

　　This year, we will strengthen the implementation of macro policies, and fiscal and monetary policies should focus on achieving employment goals. Therefore, we emphasize that employment priority is also a macro policy, and other policies should be matched to achieve employment goals. At present, we must create more than 11 million new urban jobs every year, and it is better to have more than 13 million people. I always feel that as long as we achieve full employment, we can realize what some people call the potential economic growth rate of China. For example, when the epidemic hit hard in 2020, we didn’t set an economic growth target, but we set a clear target, that is, more than 9 million new urban jobs were created, and as a result, more than 11 million new urban jobs were created. The economy not only achieved positive growth, but also the growth rate reached 2.2%, which was the only one among major economies to achieve positive growth.

　　This year, the number of new urban laborers who need employment has reached about 16 million, the highest in many years. There are 10.76 million college graduates, the highest in history. There are also nearly 300 million migrant workers who have the opportunity to work, and they must also ensure the employment of retired soldiers. There are still some enterprises that live and die, and some people want to re-employment. The new labor force in cities and towns is growing, and a new employment platform is needed. For the newly-added people who need employment, we should give them various support measures such as training and solve the employment problem by market-oriented methods. For example, in recent years, we have been promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation, promoting the development of new technologies, new formats and new models, and cultivating new kinetic energy. We believe that ordinary people are intellectually intelligent, and if their special skills and intelligence are brought into play, the big stage of employment will be colorful.

　　Flexible employment has to be mentioned here, because there are more than 200 million people in this field, with various forms and wide coverage. As a developing country, this form of employment will exist for a long time. It is really hard for them to come and go in the wind and rain, and many places are providing them with warm-hearted services. In view of their labor rights, social security and other issues, the government should gradually improve the policy, that is to say, these "riders" should be tied with "safety belts", so that new employment forms such as flexible employment can not only solve urgent needs, but also stimulate market vitality and social creativity.

　　Optimize the business environment

　　The government must carry out the reform with the cutting edge inward, so that the market players can emerge one after another and be full of vitality

　　Xinhua News Agency: In recent years, although China’s business environment has improved, market players have increased substantially, and enterprises have made things much more convenient, there are still many kinds of interference. What efforts will the government make to optimize the business environment and stimulate market vitality and creativity under the current circumstances?

　　Li Keqiang: In recent 10 years, the State Council has held a national conference every year to promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and optimize the business environment. I also noticed that at the beginning of this year, many places held meetings around the theme of improving the business environment. It can be said that the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform is to improve the growing soil for market players, to reduce taxes and fees is to fertilize and water them, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation are to promote more market players to take root. As long as we bring people’s creativity into play and stimulate the vitality of market players, everyone can imagine the vivid situation of the economy. However, the government must carry out the reform with the cutting edge inward, and can’t let the government departments turn around their own power, but through the reform, the market players will emerge one after another and be full of vitality.

　　It is more difficult to touch the interests than the soul. However, the importance of government is constant. In recent years, we have continued to promote market-oriented reform and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. More than 1,000 administrative licenses have been decentralized or cancelled, and non-administrative licenses have withdrawn from the historical stage. In the past, it took dozens of days to get a license for running a business, and it took hundreds of days. Now it takes an average of four days nationwide and one day in the least places. At present, about 90% of government services are online, handheld, off-site, and not met. In fact, this is breaking the barriers of interests and breaking through the traditional thinking. We will continue to promote measures that benefit enterprises and benefit the people.

　　Through the continuous improvement of the business environment in recent years, China’s market entities have reached 150 million, a net increase of about 100 million compared with 10 years ago, mainly private market entities, including 100 million individual industrial and commercial households. Don’t underestimate individual industrial and commercial households, they are connected with the livelihood of many people at one end and the consumption of the public at the other. When I participated in the discussion in the CPPCC, those entrepreneurs said that if small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households did not get through the "micro blood vessels", large and medium-sized enterprises and even state-owned enterprises and central enterprises would not be able to move.

　　Let’s take a look at the places with good economic development. There are great reforms, good business environment and many market players, so the economy is full of enthusiasm. Of course, I have repeatedly stressed that "liberalization" and "management" go hand in hand. "liberalization" is not a responsibility, but "management" is a duty that the government must perform. "Liberalization" is not laissez-faire. We must resolutely crack down on those acts of counterfeiting, cheating and abduction, especially in some fields involving people’s lives and health and the interests of the masses, such as food and medicine, safe production and finance. Those who violate the law must be punished. Now the new format and new model are constantly changing and developing. We should constantly improve the regulatory regulations and methods so that market players can truly compete and develop in a fair and just environment.

　　Hong kong epidemic situation

　　The SAR government should take the main responsibility of fighting the epidemic, and the central government will fully support Hong Kong in fighting the epidemic.

　　Phoenix TV reporter: Since last year, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has held elections for the Election Committee and the seventh Legislative Council. This year, the sixth Chief Executive election will be held. On the one hand, a new electoral system is implemented; on the other hand, the epidemic situation in Hong Kong has not shown signs of improvement, and everyone is very concerned about this election. How does the Prime Minister comment on this?

　　Li Keqiang: At present, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Hong Kong is grim. The SAR Government has decided to postpone the election of the sixth Chief Executive according to law and concentrate on fighting the epidemic. We fully understand and support it. The central government pays close attention to the epidemic situation in Hong Kong every day, and is very concerned about the life, health and safety of Hong Kong citizens. The SAR Government should assume the main responsibility of fighting the epidemic, and the central government will fully support Hong Kong in fighting the epidemic.

　　We will comprehensively, accurately and unswervingly implement the policy of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy, and the change of the SAR government will be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law. I hope that the SAR Government will unite and lead people from all walks of life in Hong Kong to continue to develop the economy and improve people’s livelihood, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s position as the three major international financial, trade and shipping centers, and maintain Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.

　　epidemic prevention and control

　　Make prevention and control more scientific and accurate according to the change of epidemic situation and virus characteristics.

　　Spanish EFE reporter: It has been two years since the outbreak. In the past two years, China has basically been "closed". Does China now consider making the current "dynamic zero clearing" epidemic prevention and control policy more sustainable? Is there a road map that is "open" to the world?

　　Li Keqiang: Covid-19 is the common enemy of mankind. It has been spreading for two years, and the virus has been mutating. Some laws need to be further studied, and corresponding measures such as vaccine protection and effective drug research and development need to be strengthened. At present, the international community should unite, cooperate and help each other, understand and tolerate each other more, and work hard to create conditions for the world to return to normal.

　　China has been coordinating the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development, and actively promoting international exchanges and cooperation. We will make prevention and control more scientific and accurate according to the changes of epidemic situation and the characteristics of the virus, so as to ensure people’s life and health, normal production and living order, and the safety of industrial chain and supply chain.

　　Since the outbreak, I have talked with the heads of international organizations, multinational companies and entrepreneurs many times, and they all hope to ensure the necessary business contacts. We have opened "fast track" and "green track" to ensure the normal production and operation of some key enterprises and projects. We will continue to accumulate experience, respond to possible changes in a timely manner, and gradually make logistics and people flow smoothly.

　　Sino-US relations

　　Sino-US cooperation has great potential and is willing to seek long-term benefits with the United States.

　　Bloomberg: Fifty years ago, US President Nixon’s visit to China ushered in the era of American contacts with China. Last year, the Biden administration announced that this era had ended, and the United States and China are now entering a period of fierce competition. Do you agree with this evaluation? Will it become more and more common to ban the sale of American semiconductors in China and the listing of China enterprises in the United States?

　　Li Keqiang: Fifty years ago, China and the United States broke the ice and set sail for the normalization of relations. Half a century has passed, and although the relations between the two countries have been bumpy from time to time, they have been developing forward. We still hope that the two sides will respect each other, coexist peacefully and win-win cooperation in accordance with the consensus reached by the two heads of state at the end of last year, properly control differences in a rational and constructive way, and respect each other’s core interests and major concerns. Still need more dialogue and communication. Since the two sides have opened the door to each other, they should not close it again, let alone "decouple".

　　China and the United States are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and the largest developing and developed countries in the world. Dealing with each other’s relations is related to the well-being of the two peoples. At present, many global challenges require cooperation and joint response between China and the United States. It should be said that Sino-US cooperation is beneficial to both countries and the world.

　　Of course, there are great differences in social systems, history, culture and development stages between China and the United States, and differences are inevitable. But we believe that cooperation should be the mainstream, because world peace and development depend on cooperation. Even if we have market competition in the economic and trade field, it should be benign and fair competition. Last year, the trade volume between the two countries exceeded $750 billion, an increase of nearly 30% over the previous year. What does this mean? The scope of Sino-US cooperation is vast and has great potential. If the United States relaxes its export restrictions to China, the bilateral trade volume will be even larger, and both countries and their peoples will benefit from it. China is willing to work with the United States to choose a wide range and seek long-term benefits.

　　Support difficult industries

　　Support industries with special difficulties to survive and make people’s lives warm.

　　China News Service reporter: In the past two years, affected by the epidemic, we found that some snack bars and small restaurants that we used to go to have not opened since they closed, including catering, and tourism, retail, passenger transport and other industries have also been greatly affected. The government work report proposes to stabilize market players and ensure employment. May I ask the Prime Minister, what measures will we take this year to help industries with special difficulties?

　　Li Keqiang: After the outbreak, the service industry, especially the contact service industry, was the hardest hit, among which small and medium-sized enterprises were the largest. They have a thin foundation, and they can be said to be careful in calculating and managing day by day, and many difficulties have accumulated to make it difficult for them to support. Helping them is actually supporting employment, because only 100 million individual industrial and commercial households have driven the employment of nearly 300 million people. If the seedlings are dry and the roots are thoroughly rooted, it will be too late to help them. Therefore, we must see that "the weight is too small to weigh a thousand pounds" and we must give them timely support.

　　For these industries with special difficulties, we have introduced more than 40 support policies. Just the tax rebate, roughly speaking, such industries as catering, tourism, passenger transport and culture can enjoy 180 billion yuan. They not only need financial support, but also give "seamless loan renewal" to those with good market prospects. Moreover, support should also be given to those places where they need to reduce rent and electricity charges in stages, which is actually the owner’s pull on customers.

　　At present, consumer demand is indeed relatively weak, mainly due to weak offline consumer demand. As you can imagine, there are many shops in the long lane of the city, and it is steaming, that is, the bustling fireworks. If it is closed, it will not be a good thing, and the lives of ordinary people will be affected. Therefore, we support these industries with special difficulties, not only to make them survive, but also to make people’s lives warm and our economy show more vitality.

　　relations across the Taiwan Straits

　　Compatriots on both sides of the strait are, in the final analysis, a family’s brotherhood, which can be cut off at any time.

　　Taiwan Province Dongsen New Media Reporter: With the epidemic continuing to spread and the uncertainty and instability of cross-strait relations increasing, how will the mainland respond to the situation in the Taiwan Strait and maintain and enhance the well-being of people on both sides of the strait?

　　Li Keqiang: Our major policy toward Taiwan is clear, as I have stated in the government work report, that is, we will adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus", resolutely oppose the "Taiwan independence" separatist acts, and promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the reunification of the motherland.

　　Compatriots on both sides of the strait are, after all, a family, and brotherhood can never be cut off. We are willing to continue to share development opportunities with the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots, provide equal treatment to Taiwan Province compatriots who come to the mainland for development, and do practical things and solve difficult problems for them. As long as compatriots on both sides of the strait work together and unite, they will certainly be able to promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and share the well-being of the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation.

　　fulfil one’s duty scrupulously

　　In the last year of this government, we will practice our promises with hard work.

　　Singapore Lianhe Zaobao: This year is the closing year of the current China administration. Looking back over the past four years, what achievements do you think this government has made? What is the biggest challenge? In the last year of this government, China’s economy is facing unprecedented pressure. What policies will you focus on to better stabilize social confidence and respond to people’s concerns?

　　Li Keqiang: Since the current government, the international situation has been complicated and changeable, with domestic contradictions and difficulties superimposed. Speaking of the biggest challenge, it is the COVID-19 epidemic and its severe impact on the economy. We are determined not to seek easy things, not to take refuge in things, and not to avoid risks, and we have done our best.

　　I remember the first press conference I held here when I became Prime Minister, that is, in this hall, I made it clear that it is the basic task of our government to continuously develop the economy, continuously improve people’s livelihood and promote social justice. To be broad-based, people-oriented and benefit the world is to take the expectations of the people as the direction of administration. In recent years, we have been persistent and consistent, innovating the way of governance, coping with cyclical economic fluctuations by keeping the economy running in a reasonable range, especially the implementation of macro policies facing the needs of market players; Firmly promote reform, simplify and eliminate complexity, safeguard justice, cultivate and expand market players and new kinetic energy, and stimulate market vitality and social creativity; Adhere to the priority of employment, grasp the actual situation of the country, pay attention to ensuring basic people’s livelihood, and so on. We are clear that there are some areas where the government work is recognized by the people, and there are also some gaps and shortcomings with their expectations.

　　As for you, this year is the last year of this government and my last year as Prime Minister. The situation we are facing is still complicated and grim, and there are still many difficulties and challenges. I have explained and expounded the difficulties and challenges in the government work report and the questions I just answered. My colleagues and I will do our duty with perseverance and practice our promises with hard work.

　　I believe that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, with the strong support from all walks of life, especially the joint efforts of the people, China’s economy will certainly be able to climb over the hill, achieve the main objectives and tasks of economic and social development this year, and lay a solid foundation for future development.

　　opening up to the outside world

　　No matter how the international situation changes, we will unswervingly expand opening up.

　　Kyodo News: The China government indicated that it is moving towards the goal of common prosperity, and proposed to set up "traffic lights" to prevent the disorderly expansion of capital, especially to strengthen the supervision of Internet enterprises. However, foreign capital is worried that the China government will further strengthen the restrictions on corporate behavior because of the goal of common prosperity. What is China’s view? Is there any way to reduce investors’ worries?

　　Li Keqiang: When we talk about common prosperity, we should work together. China’s policy of opening to the outside world has not changed and will not change. Moreover, our foreign investment law clearly stipulates that change will only develop in a direction conducive to opening wider to the outside world and investment and trade.

　　Foreign businessmen come to China to develop themselves, but also bring us investment and sales channels and the goods we need, which is beneficial to everyone. Why should we restrict them? Just now I talked about the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, which emphasizes the need to simplify administration and decentralize power, combine liberalization with management, optimize services, oppose monopoly and unfair competition, and prevent the disorderly expansion of capital. The purpose is to give support to enterprises operating according to law and ensure that all types of ownership enterprises and domestic and foreign-funded enterprises develop equally and compete fairly. Of course, I also hope that enterprises will be standardized and healthy in their development.

　　China is so big that you can find every case you want. But on the whole, China’s economy has been deeply integrated into the world. China’s total import and export of goods has accounted for more than one-third of GDP, and now the comprehensive impact of imports on industry exceeds 70%. We have been the second largest import market in the world for 10 consecutive years, and have become the largest country in global goods trade for 5 consecutive years. Of course, on the whole, we are still in the process of moving from the low-end to the high-end, but it also shows that the industry and consumption are upgrading, the market potential is great, and there is a lot of room for all kinds of investment.

　　Relevant countries and we jointly signed the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement, namely RCEP, which was officially implemented this year. This can be said to be the largest free trade zone in the world. We will take this opportunity to continue to promote free trade, treat state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign enterprises equally, and continue to make China a hot spot for global foreign investment.

　　I tell you clearly that no matter how the international situation changes, China will unswervingly open wider to the outside world. The Yangtze River and the Yellow River will not flow backwards. Over the past 40 years, China has always been advancing through reform and developing through opening up. As long as it is conducive to expanding high-level opening up, we are willing to do it actively, and we must firmly safeguard the multilateral trading system, which is also the need of our own development.

　　China has been opening to the outside world for more than 40 years, which has developed itself, benefited the people and benefited the world. This is a door of opportunity, and we will never, never close it.

　　(According to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 11 th)

　　BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) According to the real-time statistics of Johns Hopkins University in the United States, as of 6: 30 a.m. on March 26, Beijing time, there were more than 460,000 confirmed cases and 21,000 cumulative deaths in COVID-19.

　　Among them, the epidemic situation in the United States, Italy, Spain and other countries is still grim; Spain’s Deputy Prime Minister, Britain’s Prince Charles and other national politicians have successively "recruited"; Britain, France, etc. responded to the epidemic through various laws and proposals; New Zealand, Philippines, Democratic Republic of Congo and many other countries declared a state of emergency.

Data map: UN Secretary-General Guterres. China News Service reporter Liao Panshe

　　United Nations: All mankind must fight back together.

　　On March 25th, local time, the United Nations launched the "Global Humanitarian Response Plan for COVID-19 Epidemic", which aims to help the most vulnerable countries in the world to fight the epidemic, protect the lives of millions of people and prevent the virus from spreading in other countries.

　　UN Secretary-General Guterres said that Covid-19 is threatening all mankind, so all mankind must fight back together. It is not enough for a single country to take countermeasures.

　　Guterres and the heads of various agencies called on member countries to commit themselves to preventing the spread of Covid-19 in fragile countries and give maximum support to the response plan, so as to control the spread of the epidemic worldwide.

　　In addition, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization, praised the Japanese decision to postpone the Tokyo Olympic Games as "difficult and wise" in his speech on 25th. At the same time, he called on countries that have taken "city closure" measures to make good use of this opportunity and take action to deal with the epidemic.

On March 24th, local time, people walked past the Javits Center in new york, USA. China News Service reporter Liao Panshe

　　The epidemic situation in New York State is serious, and the deployment of US troops abroad has been suspended for 60 days.

　　According to Johns Hopkins University data, as of 6: 30 a.m. on March 26th, Beijing time, there were 65,285 confirmed cases and 926 deaths in the United States. Among them, the epidemic situation in New York State is the most serious, with more than 30,000 confirmed cases.

　　Cuomo, the governor of New York State, said that the number of COVID-19 tests in New York State has accounted for 25% in the United States, but the peak of confirmed cases has not yet arrived.

　　In addition, Louisiana has become another state in the United States that has been listed as a "major disaster area" due to the epidemic. Affected by the epidemic, New York, Washington, California and Iowa have been listed as "major disaster areas".

　　On the 25th, the US Secretary of Defense issued a stop order to the US military, demanding that all US troops stationed overseas stop all travel and action plans. The order will be executed for up to 60 days to prevent the epidemic from spreading among US troops.

　　This measure is the most extensive preventive order of the US military so far, but the downsizing of the US military in Afghanistan will not be disturbed and will continue to maintain the withdrawal of personnel.

　　Italy: collective infection occurred in four nursing homes

　　According to the data of the Italian Ministry of Health on the 25th, the number of confirmed cases in Italy increased to 74,836, with 7,503 deaths.

　　In the past few days, collective infections have occurred in four nursing homes in Rome and surrounding areas. Up to now, more than 160 people have been infected and 3 people have died, and the number of infected people is still increasing. All four old-age care institutions were also isolated.

　　Earlier, the Italian cabinet passed a new epidemic prevention and control law to increase punishment for violations of prevention and control measures. According to the new law, Italy’s national emergency lasts until July 31st, during which the epidemic prevention and control law can be further adjusted.

　　In an interview with the media, the Assistant Director-General of WHO, Ranieri Gueira, said that Italy may see the peak of the epidemic this week.

　　Spain: Deputy Prime Minister tested positive.

　　By the 25th, there were 7,937 new confirmed cases in Spain, with a total of 47,610 cases and 3,434 deaths. Spain has become the fourth country in the world where the number of confirmed cases has exceeded 40,000, and the epidemic situation in Europe is second only to Italy.

　　The Spanish Prime Minister’s Office said on the 25th that the Covid-19 test conducted by Spanish Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo on the 24th was positive. At present, Calvo is receiving isolation treatment in a clinic in Madrid, and his recovery is good.

　　In addition, several officials of the Spanish government have been infected. The wife, mother and father-in-law of Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez were also diagnosed.

　　British Parliament Passes Epidemic Emergency Bill

　　On the 25th local time, the British Ministry of Health and Social Security released the latest data. There were 1,452 new confirmed cases and 43 new deaths in the country, with a total of 9,529 confirmed cases. The cumulative total number of deaths is 465.

　　The emergency bill to deal with the COVID-19 epidemic was passed in the upper house of the British Parliament on the same day, and it only needs to be passed by the royal family to become law. The bill aims to give the government more power to deal with the spread of the epidemic.

　　In addition, Buckingham Palace said on the 25th that Prince Charles Covid-19’s test results were positive, but his symptoms were mild, and he was in good health and was in isolation at home. Queen Elizabeth II is currently in good health.

　　Germany: Merkel’s second test was negative

　　As of 0: 00 local time on the 25th, there were 4,118 newly confirmed cases in Germany, with a total of 31,554 cases and 149 deaths.

Data map: German Chancellor Angela Merkel. China News Service reporter Peng Dawei photo

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s second Covid-19 test was negative, and a third test will be conducted early next week, a German government spokesman announced on the 25th. Previously, she had contact with a confirmed patient and began to be isolated at home on the 22nd.

　　France passed 25 emergency decrees, and Switzerland was diagnosed with more than 10,000 cases.

　　On 25th, French President Macron visited the hardest-hit areas in France and announced the launch of anti-epidemic military operations. The French epidemic continued to deteriorate that day, with the cumulative number of confirmed cases rising to 25,233 and the number of deaths rising to 1,331.

Under strict control measures, there are almost no pedestrians and vehicles on Rivoli Avenue in the center of Paris. China News Service reporter Yang Li photo

　　French Prime Minister Philippe announced on the same day that the meeting passed 25 administrative decrees to deal with the impact of the epidemic on all aspects of economy and society.

　　On the other hand, according to the data of Hopkins University, as of 6: 02 Beijing time on the 26th, Switzerland has diagnosed 10,897 cases, making it the fifth country in Europe with more than 10,000 confirmed cases.

　　Russia: The whole people will have a paid holiday for one week from next week.

　　On the 25th local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced in his speech on the epidemic that Russia will have a paid holiday for one week next week, and the long holiday will last from March 28th to April 5th.

　　He said: "Of course, all living security institutions, including medical institutions, pharmacies, shops, banks, financial settlement institutions, transportation and power organs at all levels will continue to operate."

　　Affected by the epidemic, the referendum on Russian constitutional amendments will also be postponed.

　　Russian Deputy Prime Minister Gorikova said on the 25th that the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Russia has increased to 658, and 29 cases have been cured.

　　Many countries declared a state of emergency.

　　New Zealand announced on the 25th local time that the country entered a state of emergency that day. The state of emergency applies to the whole of New Zealand, including chatham islands, Stewart Island and other inhabited islands.

　　On the same day, the mayor of Ottawa, Canada, Jim Watson announced that Ottawa had entered a state of emergency. Prior to this, Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary and other big cities have successively declared a state of emergency.

　　In response to the epidemic, the Philippines, Ukraine, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ganel, C? te d ‘Ivoire, Sierra Leone and other countries have declared a state of emergency.

　　Nepal’s Ministry of Interior: A strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

　　Nepal’s Interior Ministry said on the 27th that a strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

　　The number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake rose to 3815.

　　According to the British "Guardian" report, Nepal’s internal affairs officials said on the 27th that at least 3,815 people had been killed in a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 on the 25th. WHO estimates that this strong earthquake affected more than 5 million people.

　　Strong earthquake in Nepal: the international community continues to increase rescue efforts

　　International rescue forces continue to reinforce the disaster area. United Nations spokesman Orla Fagan said that dozens of international rescue teams have rushed to Nepal, and they will fly to the disaster area as soon as possible. At present, there is an urgent shortage of drinking water and food in the disaster area, power supply is interrupted in many places, mobile phone networks are intermittent, hospitals are overcrowded, and roads leading to the epicenter are blocked.

　　253 Chinese employees of Nepal Hydropower Project of Three Gorges Group were trapped in the construction site.

　　The Na Suaka Li Hydropower Station, which was built in Nepal by China Hydropower Foreign Corporation under the Three Gorges Group, suffered serious losses in the earthquake. At present, 253 Chinese employees are still trapped in the construction site. According to the latest statistics of Three Gorges Group, two Chinese employees were killed, one was seriously injured and several were slightly injured in the earthquake. The communication road between the project and the outside world is completely interrupted, and the material reserve is expected to be only enough for 2 days at most.

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Four China citizens were killed in Nepal.

　　China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said on the 27th that four China citizens were killed in Nepal, including one tourist, one mountaineer on the south side of Mount Everest and two employees of a Chinese-funded company building a project in Nepal. It is understood that before the earthquake, there were about 3,000 to 4,000 China tourists in Nepal. China is sending more flights to try to take back the Nepalese citizens stranded in China as soon as possible.

　　Climbers on the north slope of Mount Qomolangma were evacuated from the safety zone and climbing activities were suspended for ten days.

　　On the 27th, Nima Tsering, deputy director of Xizang Autonomous Region Sports Bureau, told China News Service that at present, Chinese climbers on the north slope of Mount Everest have been evacuated to Shigatse, Tibet, and foreign climbers have also been evacuated to the base camp to rest. At present, all climbers on the north slope have retreated to safety. At the same time, the mountaineering activities on Mount Everest were suspended for ten days for observation.

　　One death, eight injuries and one loss of contact caused by the Everest avalanche in China.

　　On 27th, after contacting Tibet Mountaineering Association, Nepal Mountaineering Association, Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, chinese mountaineering association learned that the earthquake in Nepal caused an avalanche on Mount Everest, and one climber in China was killed and eight people were injured, two of them were seriously injured, and one of his friends who participated in the international mountaineering team lost contact.

　　Officials say the number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake has exceeded 3,000 and more than 6,500 people have been injured.

　　The head of the disaster management department of Nepal’s Ministry of Interior said that the 8.1-magnitude earthquake in Nepal has killed 3,218 people and injured more than 6,500 people. At the same time, strong local aftershocks continue to occur, causing inconvenience to disaster relief work and the lives of victims. According to the statistics of the earthquake monitoring department, aftershocks exceeding 4.5 have occurred at least 30 times.

　　Tourism Bureau: There are more than 4,000 tourists in China, and 3,000 are individual tourists.

　　According to the website of the National Tourism Administration, according to the investigation of the travel agency team management system of the National Tourism Administration and the data reported by the provincial tourism commissions, at 12:00 on April 26th, there were about 39 China tourism teams in Nepal, with 1,047 tourists (teams and free travellers). It is estimated that there are about 3,000 individual travelers in Nepal.

　　Nearly 300 thousand people in Tibet were affected by the strong earthquake in Nepal, and the magnitude 7.1 aftershock expanded the disaster.

　　On the 27th, the reporter learned from the Tibetan authorities that the 7.1-magnitude aftershock in Nepal at 15: 09 on the 26th aggravated landslides in some areas of Shigatse, Tibet, and blocked roads in many places. In addition, the climate in the disaster-stricken areas in Tibet has been abnormal recently, with continuous rain and snow, which has greatly affected the earthquake relief work and further expanded the disaster situation.

　　The earthquake killed 20 people in Tibet, and the rescue and disaster relief are facing difficulties.

　　On the 26th, the reporter learned from the official that as of press time, the number of people killed in the earthquake in Nepal in Tibet has increased to 20, and another 4 people are missing, 55 people are injured, 1,191 houses and 1 temple have collapsed, 5,828 houses and 54 temples have been damaged to varying degrees, 58 communication base stations have been damaged, and more than 200,000 people have been affected to varying degrees.

　　The aftershocks are frequent, and the "island" of Zhangmu in Tibet is difficult to pass.

　　At 14: 11 on the 25th, an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 in Boccara, Nepal, spread to Zhangmu Port on the Sino-Nepal border. More than 40 hours have passed, and rescuers are still unable to enter Zhangmu Town. At present, the rescue force is only the last 30 kilometers away from Zhangmu Town. However, the aftershock caused the No.2 bridge in the direction of Nyalam to collapse, and Kangqiao Mingdong was buried by landslide. Not only was the vehicle impassable, but 57 commandos who were hiking to Zhangmu were also forced to withdraw.

　　The earthquake in Nepal has killed more than 2,000 people and strong aftershocks continue to occur.

　　According to official statistics of Nepal, the earthquake has caused at least 2,430 deaths and about 6,000 injuries in the country. The earthquake has killed at least 62 people and injured more than 250 people in India. At least 20 people were killed, 4 people were missing, 58 people were injured and more than 200,000 people were affected to varying degrees in Tibet, China. The earthquake also killed four people and injured more than 200 people in Bangladesh.

　　The number of casualties is rising, and international rescue is racing against time.

　　After the disaster, Nepal declared a state of emergency and appealed for international assistance. On the 26th, a large number of relief supplies, doctors and relief workers from neighboring countries have arrived in Nepal. With the help of the international team, rescuers worked hard to clear the ruins. Due to the limited site conditions, rescuers, including the police and the army, had to dig with their bare hands in an attempt to rescue the survivors under the rubble of the collapsed building.

　　About 350 citizens of China are still stranded at Nepalese airport.

　　Up to now, there are about 350 China tourists stranded in tribhuvan international airport. China Embassy vacated the consular compound, arranged special personnel to receive China citizens who came for help, and more than 150 people were temporarily arranged to spend the night safely in the museum. In addition to Nepalese citizens who are traveling in China, there are more than 2,100 Chinese-funded institutions in China.

　　Click to view the summary of important information:

　　Summary of Important Information of Strong Earthquake in Nepal on 25th

　　Summary of Important Information on 26th Strong Earthquake in Nepal

Team Xiang Ye of Medical College made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

Li Pilong’s research group of School of Life and Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College cooperated to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

The Engineering Laboratory of Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and put forward a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, issued a report on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices by dielectric integrated optical doping.

Fang Xianyang’s research group of School of Life has made new progress in the solution structure study of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of the School of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

Zhong Yi’s research group of School of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

Xiao Bailong from the School of Pharmacy and Li Xueming from the School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

Team Xiang Ye of Tsinghua Medical College has made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

On September 17th, a team led by Xiang Ye, an associate professor hired by Tsinghua University Medical Dean and a researcher at Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, published an academic paper entitled "Structure of the African Swine fever virus major capsid protein p72" online in Cell Research. In this study, the high-resolution structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 was analyzed for the first time by the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of single particle by cryoelectron microscope, and the possible assembly mechanism of African classical swine fever virus capsid was revealed, which laid a solid foundation for the development of African classical swine fever virus subunit vaccine.

African swine fever virus originated in Africa, and the mortality rate of domestic pig infection is nearly 100%, which is a great threat to domestic pig breeding industry and even people’s livelihood and economy. African swine fever virus has spread rapidly from Africa to Europe, South America and some parts of Asia in the past few decades. In August 2018, African swine fever virus infection was found in northeast China, and soon the virus spread to most parts of the country, causing economic losses of more than 100 billion yuan. At present, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines and epidemic prevention measures to control and prevent African swine fever virus. In response to the urgent needs of the country, Tsinghua University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure took the lead, and more than a dozen research groups from Peking University, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Pasteur Institute and other units began to tackle key problems of African swine fever virus in April this year.

▲ Structure of African classical swine fever virus: a. Simulate the capsid structure of African classical swine fever virus produced by virus assembly according to the capsid protein p72 structure of African classical swine fever virus; B freeze electron microscopic structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 trimer.

African swine fever virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with complex structure. Its genome is protected by two capsids and two outer membranes. The capsids are mainly composed of virus coding protein p72. According to previous experimental data, p72 accounts for about 33% of the total weight of virus particles, and p72 is the main antigen that can be detected in the blood of infected pigs. At the initial stage of studying p72 protein, Xiang Ye’s research group found that p72 protein with correct folding conformation could not be obtained by recombinant expression of p72 protein alone, and only when p72 was co-expressed with another helper protein B602L encoded by African swine fever, could the p72 protein with correct folding conformation be obtained. On this premise, the research team determined the high-resolution 3-D structure of p72 protein of 2.67 angstrom (above) by using the method of single particle 3-D reconstruction with cryoelectron microscope. The results showed that three p72 molecules formed a stable trimer form. Each p72 contains two pancake-like domains connected in series, and each domain consists of eight β-folded sheets, which is very common in the capsid protein structure of icosahedral virus. The six cake-like structures of trimer p72 together form a pseudo-hexamer whose bottom is anchored on the inner membrane of the virus. The inserted fragments between trimer p72 folded sheets together form a propeller-like top structure that extends out of the virus, which is most likely the receptor binding area on the cell surface.

There have been many attempts to study subunit vaccines based on p72 protein of African classical swine fever virus, but no satisfactory results have been obtained. The failure of previous studies is probably due to the failure to use the correctly folded p72 protein. Obtaining the correctly folded p72 protein and determining its high-resolution structure are helpful to develop drugs targeting virus capsid assembly and subunit vaccines. At present, the research and development and evaluation of p72 subunit vaccine are being closely carried out by Tsinghua University and Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Associate Professor Xiang Ye is the correspondent of this article. Liu Qi, a 2014 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life Union Center, is the first author of this paper. Ma Bingting, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Xiangye Laboratory, Associate Professor Tan Xu from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and their laboratory members Qian Nianchao and Zhang Fan, and Professor Lei Jianlin, director of the cryo-electron microscope platform of Tsinghua University Life College, participated in this work.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-019-0232-x

Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

On September 16th, Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua University Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Tsinghua University Medical College. An academic article entitled "Histone modifications regulate chromatin compartmentalization by contributing to a phase separation mechanism" was published in Molecular Cell.

Eukaryotic cells use many membrane-bound organelles to distinguish biochemical reactions in order to better regulate space and time. For example, their genomes are enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle, namely the nucleus, in order to better control the genetic information flow. In the nucleus, the genome is further regulated to form many compartments or regions, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Judging from some of their characteristics, these dynamic solid compartments are similar to membraneless organelles. Many protein that play a role in chromatin compartmentalization have the inherent ability of liquid-liquid separation, such as human heterochromatin protein HP1α and Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1a. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that chromatin compartmentalization is formed by liquid-liquid separation. However, the previous studies can’t explain why the other two homologous proteins, HP1β and HP1γ, of human heterochromatin protein HP1α, which can’t be separated by themselves or from DNA, perform similar functions, and whether the formation of constitutive heterochromatin is regulated by the liquid-liquid separation mechanism formed by multivalent interaction between multivalent HP1 protein complex and multivalent histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3).

▲ Liquid-liquid separation mediated by multivalent interaction between H3K9me3 on nucleosome string and CD of HP1 complex promotes the formation of heterochromatin compartments.

In this work, Li Pilong and Li Haitao’s research group cooperated to prove that in vitro, the modification of histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3) and the multivalent interaction of recognizing its modified HP1 chromatin domain Chromodomain(CD) can lead to the formation of heterochromatin. The authors used two polyvalent HP1-CD complexes, the key chromatin fragment (NE) extracted from human nucleus and the nucleosome string (NA) modified by H3K9me3 in vitro as experimental systems. Several evidences show that the formation of these droplets is mediated by liquid-liquid separation. The resulting droplets are reminiscent of the dynamic behavior of heterochromatin and its response to biochemical regulation and mutant phenotype. The author concludes that the liquid-liquid separation driven by multivalent H3K9me3/CD interaction is the key force for the formation of heterochromatin in cells. To sum up, this study proposed a general mechanism of histone labeling regulating chromosome compartmentalization by promoting liquid-liquid separation.

Li Pilong and Li Haitao are co-authors of this article. Wang Liang, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life College, Gao Yifei, a 2016 Ph.D. student from Medical College, and Zheng Xiangdong, a postdoctoral fellow from Medical College, are the co-first authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(19)30658-6

Cheng Gong Laboratory of Tsinghua Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and proposed a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

On September 16th, Professor Cheng Gong from Tsinghua University Medical College published an academic paper entitled "Host serum iron modulations of dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes" (doi: 10.1038/S41564-019-0555-) in Nature Microbiology. This study found for the first time that the iron content in human serum is the key factor to regulate the transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes, and put forward an anti-dengue transmission blocking strategy based on iron supplementation.

Dengue fever is one of the most widespread viral infectious diseases in the world. Dengue virus is carried by mosquitoes and spread to people. At present, dengue fever has been prevalent in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, about 2.5 billion people in the world live in areas threatened by dengue infection, 390 million people are infected or repeatedly infected with dengue virus every year, and 500-1 million people are hospitalized. Dengue fever has become the largest insect-borne viral infectious disease in the world. In recent 20 years, the epidemic trend of dengue fever in the world has intensified, which has become a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary vectors of dengue virus transmission in nature. This kind of mosquitoes are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, but the epidemic trend of dengue fever is not completely consistent with the distribution of mosquitoes, and there are obvious population and regional differences in dengue fever. Identifying the key factors affecting the spread of dengue virus is a key scientific problem to be answered in this field.

Mosquitoes can acquire viruses from infected hosts by sucking blood. Within a few days after mosquitoes suck blood, the infected person’s blood is quickly digested. At the same time, the virus in the blood infects the intestinal epithelial cells of mosquitoes and spreads into the body cavity of mosquitoes, so that mosquitoes have the ability to spread viruses. The above two processes are highly coincident in time, so researchers speculate that host blood factors or blood metabolites can regulate the process of virus infection in mosquitoes, and ultimately determine the vector efficiency of mosquitoes carrying and spreading viruses. Through a series of screening, it was found for the first time that the iron ion content in the host serum was highly negatively correlated with the ability of mosquitoes to acquire virus by blood-sucking, and it was proved that the iron ion concentration in the serum was the key negative regulatory factor to inhibit mosquitoes from acquiring virus infection. The results of further research show that iron ions in serum can be directly utilized by the iron metabolism system of intestinal cells after entering the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, which inhibits the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in cells, leading to a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, and finally inhibits the infection and amplification of viruses in mosquitoes (Figure 1).

▲ Figure 1. Host serum iron ions can increase the level of reactive oxygen species in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes and inhibit the infection of dengue virus in mosquitoes by inhibiting the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in intestinal cells.

Iron deficiency is a nutritional problem widely existing in nature. According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is widely distributed in Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and other regions. By comparison, it can be found that the distribution area of iron deficiency is highly coincident with the epidemic area of dengue fever, so the researchers speculate that the iron deficiency state of the population is closely related to the epidemic of dengue virus. In the subsequent study, it was found that the low iron state of the host can promote mosquitoes to infect the virus during blood feeding, and iron supplementation to the low iron host can block the spread of the virus. It shows that universal iron supplementation is an effective means to cut off the spread of dengue virus in nature, which will provide a new prevention and control idea and strategy for dengue virus prevention and control.

▲ Figure 2. Iron supplementation to the host can block mosquitoes from carrying and spreading dengue virus.

Professor Cheng Gong of Tsinghua University Medical College is the correspondent of this paper, and Zhu Yibin, a postdoctoral fellow of Tsinghua University Medical College, is the first author. Professor Wang Penghua from the Medical College of the University of Connecticut, Professor Liu Qiyong from the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Professor Bian Zhongqi from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the 920th Hospital of China People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Professor Itsanun Wiwatanaratanabutr from Thailand Xianhuang Institute of Technology, and Wu Tianshi, deputy chief physician of Tsinghua University School Hospital, are the collaborators of this paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0555-x

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, Tsinghua, published a report in Nature Communication on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices through dielectric integrated optical doping.

On September 11th, the research group of Associate Professor Li Yue of Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering published a research paper entitled "Substance-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices" in Nature Communications. It is the first time to propose an optical doping method that can be integrated with dielectric to realize functional devices with near-zero exponential electromagnetic characteristics, which provides a new design method for new chip integrated circuits and has potential application value in biosensor, integrated circuits, functional materials and other fields.

▲ Conceptual diagram of dielectric integrated optical doping: (a) linear structure, (b) bending structure.

Near-zero-index device is a kind of functional device based on near-zero index medium. Compared with traditional electromagnetic devices, it has the characteristics of deformation, local adjustment and field enhancement. Electromagnetic wave in near-zero exponential medium presents a special wave effect of spatial static distribution, including near-zero refractive index and group velocity, as well as infinite wavelength and phase velocity. In 2017, Professor Nader Engheta and Associate Professor Li Yue of the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania jointly published an article in the journal Science, proposing the concept of optical doping based on near-zero exponential media for the first time, transplanting doping technology from micro-scale to macro-scale, and regulating the magnetic permeability of equivalent media through doping in non-ordered media, thus realizing multi-modal control such as paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ideal magnet. It is a kind of aperiodic structure.

▲ Experimental observation of optical doping characteristics of dielectric integration: (a) test platform, (b) near-zero reflection, zero phase and high group delay.

Based on the engineering application of the new theory, this paper puts forward an optical doping method based on dielectric integration. Combining with typical integrated circuit technology, the regulation of optical doping on the magnetic characteristics of equivalent media is expressed as the regulation of the electromagnetic response of chip integrated devices, and a variety of near-zero exponential functional devices are realized. For example, a high-sensitivity biosensor with the help of local field enhancement effect in doped media, an efficient photoacoustic modulator with weak mechanical vibration, and an "electric fiber" (analogous to optical fiber) that can be bent and deformed at will and its working frequency remains unchanged. In addition, Li Yue team verified the electromagnetic characteristics of the concept of dielectric integrated optical doping through experiments, and observed zero phase shift, high time delay, position independence of doped media and device shape independence, which were consistent with the analytical theoretical prediction and full-wave simulation results.

The theoretical and experimental work of this thesis was completed in Tsinghua University, and the Department of Electronic Engineering of Tsinghua University was the first unit of this thesis. Li Yue and Nader Enkhtar are the corresponding authors of this article, and Zhou Ziheng, a doctoral student in the Department of Electronic Engineering, is the first author. Other authors include Li Hao and Sun Wangyu, Ph.D. students from Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering, and Dr. Inigo Liberal from Navarre Public University.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12083-y

Fang Xianyang’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life has made new progress in the study of solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

On September 10th, Fang Xianyang’s research group of the School of Life cooperated with Qin Chengfeng’s research group of the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medicine. A research paper entitled "Long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has extended 3D structures and is flexible in solution" was published in EMBO Reports. In this paper, the solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from flavivirus type 2 dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus was reported in detail for the first time.

▲ Flow chart of studying the structure of flavivirus sfRNA solution by SAXS and computational simulation.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which plays a variety of important functions in organisms and is a hot spot in life science research. Like its host, almost all viruses can encode long-chain noncoding RNA. Many mosquito-borne flavivirus, such as dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus, are pathogens that pose a great threat to human health. A large number of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA(sfRNA) will accumulate in the infected host cells, which play an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus and the immune escape from the host.

It is of great significance to study the structure-function of long-chain noncoding RNA, but at present, there is no effective means to study its three-dimensional spatial structure, so the three-dimensional spatial structure information of long-chain noncoding RNA is still very little. The length of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from mosquito-borne flavivirus is between 400 and 500 nucleotides, so it is very difficult to study its structure by using traditional structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance or cryoelectron microscopy. Fang Xianyang’s research team and their collaborators, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering technology and computational simulation, studied the solution structure and flexibility of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from dengue virus type 2, Zika virus and West Nile virus by step-by-step solution. It is found that the long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has multiple subdomains, which have an extended three-dimensional spatial structure in solution, modular structural characteristics similar to multi-domain proteins and great flexibility.

It is particularly interesting that the three-dimensional spatial shapes and structures of the dumbbell-shaped domains in series of sfRNA of Dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus based on small-angle X-ray scattering data are significantly different, which is presumed to be caused by the topological differences of their pseudo-knots in series. This inference is confirmed by further computational simulation, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo cell experiments. This study is an active exploration of the three-dimensional structure of long-chain noncoding RNA. The research results of this paper not only provide important structural information for understanding the physiological function of sfRNA, but also show that the integrated structural biology method based on small-angle X-ray scattering and computational simulation is a feasible method for studying the three-dimensional structure of other long-chain noncoding RNA solutions.

Fang Xianyang, researcher of Tsinghua University Life College, and Qin Chengfeng, researcher of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, Institute of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, are co-authors of this article. Zhang Yupeng, a 2013 direct doctoral student of Tsinghua University Life College, Zhang Yikan, a 2016 general doctoral student, Dr. Liu Zhongyu, an associate professor of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, and Cheng Mengli, a master student of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201847016

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of Tsinghua University of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

On September 9th, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China" online in the international academic journal Nature Communications, and evaluated the effect of the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading in China on promoting enterprise innovation and its mechanism.

Carbon emission trading is a widely concerned market-based carbon emission reduction policy, which has been adopted by many countries and regions in the world and can play an important role in mitigating climate change. At present, the empirical knowledge about the effect of carbon emissions trading policy mainly comes from the study of EU carbon market. However, people still have little understanding of the scope of this market-oriented policy, the influence of interaction with other policies and the changes in the mechanism brought about by policy design, which limits the further promotion and greater role of the policy.

In order to solve this problem, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University pay close attention to the pilot policy of carbon emission trading in China since 2013, and use enterprise-level data and patent application information to empirically test the influence and potential mechanism of the policy on low-carbon innovation of enterprises by using the methods of matching and double difference. Low-carbon innovation is helpful to get rid of the path dependence on carbon-intensive economy and energy infrastructure, and alleviate the negative impact caused by the uncertain trend of carbon emission reduction, which is very important to achieve stable emission reduction.

▲ Patent application trends of carbon trading enterprises and non-carbon trading enterprises.

It is found that, on the basis of the impact of policies such as energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon pilot projects, carbon emission trading has promoted trading enterprises to increase 1.75 low-carbon patent applications within two years, which is close to the policy effect of two low-carbon patent applications in the EU carbon market within five years, and at the same time, it has increased the applications of other types of patents, especially other green technology patents. The influence scope of the policy goes beyond the carbon emission trading enterprises, and the influence on enterprises that have not been included in carbon trading but may be included in the future is also very significant. It is also found that the innovation behavior of enterprises is not affected by the price of carbon trading, but by the way of quota allocation. This series of research findings provide a reference for the construction of China’s national carbon market.

Associate Professor Zhu Junming from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University is the first author and co-author of the article, while Deng Xinghua, a former postdoctoral fellow in Tsinghua University and now a lecturer at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, is the co-author of the article, and Professor Xue Lan and Fan Yichun, an undergraduate graduate of Tsinghua University and now a master of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are the co-authors of the paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12213-6

Zhong Yi’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

On September 5th, the research group of Zhong Yi, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Genetic Dissection of Active Forgetting in Labile and Consolidated Memories in Drosophila" in PNAS.

In this paper, the downstream molecular mechanisms of active forgetting of unstable short memory and stable long memory in Drosophila were systematically compared and analyzed for the first time. It was found that the active forgetting of unstable short memory was mediated by Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway, while the active forgetting of stable long memory was mediated by Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway. As Dia and Arp2/3 complex are reported to regulate the linear growth and branching growth of neurofilament skeleton respectively, the research results of this paper provide an interesting possibility: the active forgetting of memory components with different stability may be related to the growth mode of different forms of neurofilament structure.

▲ Analysis of forgetting mechanism of stable memory and unstable memory.

As early as 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist, described the forgetting curve of the human brain for newly acquired memories, and began the journey of human beings to explore the mystery of forgetting. In the following 100 years, many scholars tried to find the mechanism of forgetting by using the method of experimental psychology, and also created a variety of theories to explain the phenomenon of forgetting, but ultimately failed to get a unified answer. As a basic feature of human memory, forgetfulness has been widely studied and reported in psychology, but almost no one cares about it in the research of neurobiology, and it has become a "forgotten corner". The main reason may be that the forgetting process is simply regarded as another description of memory failure, and it is a passive process (if you remember poorly, you will forget quickly, and if you remember well, you will forget slowly), thus ignoring the unique molecular mechanism of forgetting itself.

Until 2010, Professor Zhong Yi’s research group discovered the biological mechanism of active forgetting for the first time, that is, the learning process itself will activate the molecular pathway of forgetting signals to actively forget the formed memories. This active forgetting mechanism does not affect the quality of learning itself, but specifically affects the speed of forgetting acquired memories. Moreover, different memory components will have their own active forgetting mechanisms. For example, in the olfactory punishment learning of Drosophila, one training (5 minutes) can produce two completely different memory components at the same time: unstable anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and relatively stable anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) which lasts for more than one day. Zhong Yi’s research group has found that a study session can activate Rac1 molecule in the small G protein family to erase the unstable anesthetic sensitive memory that lasts for several hours, and activate Cdc42 molecule, another member of the small G protein family, to forget the more stable anti-anesthetic memory that lasts for more than one day. However, the specific downstream molecular pathways of the forgetting mechanism mediated by Rac1 and Cdc42 are not clear.

Recently, the research paper published online by Zhong Yi’s research group analyzed the downstream molecular pathways of these two forgetting mechanisms for the first time: Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway mediates the active forgetting of short-term memory components (unstable anesthesia-sensitive memories that last for several hours), while Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway mediates the active forgetting of long-term memory components (relatively stable anti-anesthesia memories that last for more than one day). Both of these active forgetting mechanisms occur in the mushroom body of the learning and memory center of Drosophila (the mushroom body contains about 4000 neurons, and the whole brain of Drosophila has more than 100 thousand neurons). Interestingly, cell biology research found that Dia was directly responsible for the linear growth of microfilament skeleton, while Arp2/3 complex was responsible for the branching growth of microfilament skeleton. This suggests that the active forgetting function of different memory components may be related to different forms of dynamic changes in the microfilament skeleton structure of neurons. On the one hand, these research results bring the academic understanding of the molecular mechanism of forgetting into a more detailed dimension, on the other hand, they provide more effective pharmacological targets for directly regulating the function of forgetting.

Gao Yang, a Ph.D. student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, Shuai Yichun, a researcher in the Janelia Research Campus of the United States, Zhang Xuchen, a graduate doctoral student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, and Peng Yuwei, a doctoral student, are the co-first authors of this paper. Professor Zhong Yi from Tsinghua University and Assistant Researcher Li Gan are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903763116

Xiao Bailong of Tsinghua Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

On August 21, Nature (Nature) The journal published the research paper "Structure and Mechanizing of the Mammalian Tactical Channel Piezo2" written by Xiao Bailong’s research group of Tsinghua University Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of College of Life Sciences. The three-dimensional structure and exquisite working mechanism of high-resolution cryoelectron microscope, a mechanical force molecular receptor-PIEZO 2 ion channel, which gives human tactile perception ability, are reported for the first time. This research is another important research achievement in this field after the two research groups reported in Nature on January 22nd, 2018 the high-resolution three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanism of another member of the mechanically gated PIZO channel family-PIZO 1 ion channel, which not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structural basis and molecular mechanism of PIZO channel family, but also laid a solid foundation for drug development based on PIZO channel. At the same time, Nature published a commentator’s article and spoke highly of the research.

Touch, as one of the five senses, not only gives us the ability to perceive pleasant touches such as shaking hands, stroking and kissing to maintain normal social behavior, but also bears the biological basis for human beings to skillfully use various tools such as touch screen, mobile phone or mouse. However, under pathological conditions such as tissue injury or inflammation, abnormal tactile perception function can lead to severe mechanical hypersensitivity (also known as touch pain). For example, patients with cancer or arthritis often suffer from severe pain caused by slight touch such as dressing or walking, which seriously affects individual health and quality of life. In addition, autistic people usually show more sensitive tactile perception than ordinary people. Recent studies suggest that this abnormal tactile function may be one of the important causes of autism.

Tactile perception originates from the response of mechanical force sensing molecular receptor-mechanically gated cation channel expressed on primary sensory neurons to mechanical force stimulation, which causes extracellular cations, such as sodium ions and calcium ions, to flow into cells, which in turn induces nerve cell excitement and signal transmission, and finally leads to tactile sensation. In 2010, the research group of Professor Ardem Patapoutian of Scripps Institute in the United States identified that the Piezo gene family encodes the necessary components of mechanically gated cation channels in mammals. In 2012, Dr. Xiao Bailong, who is engaged in postdoctoral research in Professor Patapoutian’s research group, and his colleagues reported in the journal Nature that Piezo protein constitutes the core pore component of mechanically gated cation channels, thus establishing a brand-new ion channel family type of mechanically gated Piezo channels for the first time.

Subsequent studies have proved that Piezo2 mediates the mechanical perception of tactile, proprioception (such as posture balance perception) and visceral perception (such as lung contraction and expansion, blood pressure perception and heart rate regulation) in mammals, while Piezo1 has been found to act as a molecular receptor of mechanical force in a variety of cell tissues and participate in regulating the development of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, blood pressure homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling and many other functions. The genetic mutation of Piezo gene has been found to cause many human genetic diseases, including erythrocytopenia syndrome, lymphatic edema, distal joint contracture, tactile loss and so on. The human body with the loss-of-function mutation of Piezo2 not only shows tactile and proprioception defects, but also loses the perception of mechanical hypersensitivity in pathological state, which confirms that Piezo2 channel can be used as an important target for developing new analgesic drugs.

▲ Figure A, schematic diagram of frozen electron microscope of Piezo2, in which each subunit is represented by a different color; B, a schematic diagram of a dome-shaped structure surrounded by three outward twisted transmembrane paddle areas, and the transmembrane area is marked by the green dotted line; C, schematic diagram of the topological structure of Piezo2 with 38 transmembrane regions; D, a subunit structure of Piezo2 constitutes a display diagram; E, Piezo2 central pore module area; F, the central pore area of Piezo2 and Piezo1 surrounded by IH-CTD; The radius distribution diagram of the central pore area of G, Piezo2 and Piezo1, including the switch gate of transmembrane area and the Constriction neck)； of intracellular area; H, Piezo1 and Piezo2 mutants with deletion of hat region lack the current induced by mechanical stimulation.

Dr. Xiao Bailong’s research group comprehensively uses the multi-disciplinary research methods, such as biochemical structure, electrophysiological patch clamp, Qualcomm dosage drug screening, transgenic mouse model and human genetics, and focuses on solving the key scientific problems of how the mechanically gated Piezo channel converts mechanical stimulation into electrochemical signals, and how it uses its own mechanical sensitivity and channel characteristics to determine related physiological and pathological functions, and is committed to developing new drugs and technologies targeting Piezo channel. Up to now, as a correspondent (including co-author), he has made a series of important research achievements in the three-dimensional structure analysis, molecular mechanism revelation, small molecule drug discovery and physiological and pathological function exploration of Piezo channel.

In this latest Nature paper, relying on the technical system and research platform established by two research groups for analyzing the structure of Piezo1 channel by cryo-electron microscope, the researchers have made unremitting efforts for more than six years to overcome the difficulty of extremely low expression of mouse-derived Piezo2 with a total length of 2,822 amino acids. Through continuous exploration and optimization of protein purification conditions and sample preparation methods by cryo-electron microscope, a stable and homogeneous protein sample was finally obtained for data collection by cryo-electron microscope. In the process of structural analysis, Piezo protein is extremely flexible, which brings great challenges to the resolution of high-resolution structures. The researchers expanded the symmetry of Piezo2 data particles, cut them into three parts, and calculated them independently, so as to obtain high-resolution structures of each part and then put them together into a complete structure, overcoming the flexibility problem, and finally obtained a three-dimensional structure with an overall resolution of 3.6-3.8 angstroms (Figure A), and successfully analyzed the complete topological structure of Piezo2 protein including 38 transmembrane helical regions (Figures C and D).

The researchers found that the overall three-dimensional structure of Piezo2 channel is similar to that of Piezo1 channel previously analyzed, and it is assembled into a trilobal propeller-like structure with 114 transmembrane helical regions in the form of homotrimer (Figure a-d), and it is established that Piezo channel is a kind of large membrane protein with the most transmembrane times so far. Among them, the 1st to 36th transmembrane helix regions (TM1-36) are sequentially assembled into 9 repetitive structural units with the 4th transmembrane helix region as the unit, and this characteristic structural unit was previously named THU (Transmembrane Helical Unit) with the abbreviation of Tsinghua University (Figure c, d). Very interestingly, these nine thus are connected in series to form a special non-planar transmembrane "Blade" structure, which leads to the three blades enclosing into a dome-shaped structure with a diameter of 28nm and a depth of 10nm (Figure B). Researchers speculate that this dome-shaped PIZO protein-cell membrane system may be one of the structural foundations of PIZO channel with high mechanical sensitivity.

The extracellular "Cap" domain located above the central pore region is completely embedded in the bottom of the dome (Figures A and B), while there is a 9nm long Beam structure inside the cell, which connects the peripheral end of the blade to the intracellular position of the central pore region (Figures a-e). The 38th transmembrane helix (named inner helix, IH) and the trailing intracellular carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) form a central pore part (Figures E and F), including a narrow neck located in the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region (Figures F and G), suggesting that the Piezo channel structure is in a closed state. The structural comparison between Piezo2 and Piezo1 shows that the transmembrane region narrow site is completely closed in Piezo2 structure, but open in Piezo1 (Figure f, g). Based on this, the researcher proposed that the narrow site forms a switch gate of transmembrane region (Figure f, g). Further structural analysis and electrophysiological function experiments show that the gate may be controlled by the rotation of the top hat domain (Figure H). However, because the narrow constriction neck located in the cytoplasm region is in the closed state in both Piezo1 and Piezo2 structures (Figure f, g), it remains to be further proved whether this site is controlled by the conformational changes of the blade and long rod structure as another switch gate.

Dr. Xiao Bailong said that through the full cooperation with Dr. Li Xueming’s research group, the analysis of the structure from Piezo1 to Piezo2 not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structure and mechanism of mechanical gating of Piezo channel in mammals, but also provided a solid foundation for exploring the mechanism of human diseases caused by the dysfunction of Piezo channel and the identification and discovery of related drugs. Relying on the all-round research platform and academic accumulation of Piezo channel established by their research group, they will devote themselves to the drug discovery and development of Piezo channel.

Dr. Xiao Bailong from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and Dr. Li Xueming from College of Life Sciences are co-authors of this paper. Wang Li, a postdoctoral fellow at Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy, Zhou Heng, a 2015 doctoral student at School of Life, Zhang Mingmin, a 2013 doctoral student, and Liu Wenhao, a 2016 doctoral student, are the first authors. In addition, Dr. Deng Tuan, Zhao Qiancheng (now a postdoctoral fellow at Yale University) and Li Yiran of Xiao Bailong’s research group also participated in some research work. Dr lei Jianlin of Tsinghua University cryo-electron microscope platform provided help for data collection of cryo-electron microscope.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1505-8.pdf

Graphic | School of Medicine, School of Life, Department of Electronics, School of Public Administration, School of Pharmacy

Editor | Li Jing

Shanghai Metro has been able to use the APP directly without a bus card. What’s so special about this APP?

Since January 20, 2018, the whole network of Shanghai Metro has tried to scan the code and pass the gate. It is no longer afraid to take the subway without change and forget to bring the bus card. The scanned QR code is neither Alipay nor WeChat, but an APP called Metro Metropolis.

During the week of operation, people wearing red vests and Yi Labao can already be seen in subway stations, and more and more passengers are using them. For this change that is closely related to travel, curious babies naturally want to know more about it.

Let’s talk about the pioneer of "off-card" pit stop: NFC.

Before Metro was launched, Shanghai Metro was not the only way to get in and out of the station. In addition to bus cards, we can also see many passengers smartly taking out their mobile phones, smart watches and other equipment to enter the station.

I have to mention NFC here. Mobile phones and smart watches that can be swiped into the station are all card simulation modes using NFC technology. The simple understanding is that the device will record the magnetic core information of the bus card when it is tied, and the device is an analog card when it is used.

The efficiency of entering the station is comparable to that of a real bus card, but its limitations are also fatal-only some Android phones are supported. Apple’s mobile phone has actually had NFC function since the iPhone6, but Apple only opened this function for its own Apple Pay, but it also continued its style; Therefore, NFC has lost half of its territory congenitally, and naturally it has been tepid.

"Scan code" is the magic weapon to be compatible with mobile phone operating system.

With the promotion of scanning code payment by Alipay and WeChat, users have become accustomed to scanning code, and the mass base is quite strong. Indeed, the development of mobile payment in China is no worse than anywhere else in the world. The most important thing is that the hardware limitation of code scanning is not as high as NFC, which can basically cover all subway passengers.

Accurate passenger travel data

Scanning the code into the station is undoubtedly a good thing for passengers, and there is another choice, especially for passengers who easily forget their cards and often lose them. However, it seems unreasonable for Shanghai Metro officials to make great efforts to upgrade the gates and bear the extra operation and maintenance costs only from the convenience of passengers-or because Hangzhou next door supports scanning code to buy tickets and scan code to enter the station, and Shanghai, as a first-tier city, has been left behind too much, and it is hard to face.

Of course, there is no way to guess the specific reasons, but accurate passenger travel data is a scarce wealth.

When using the bus card, the subway company also holds the travel data, but all available data are partial, such as which platform has a large passenger flow and which route has a large passenger flow. According to the personal data of passengers, there are actually related records, such as the frequency of this user taking the subway, the route he often takes, and the time of commuting. However, because the bus card is anonymous, it is impossible to attribute these data to a certain user, let alone the user who triggered this part.

When users start to scan the code and enter the station, all this changes, and the data can be accurately corresponding to a passenger; Perhaps this part of the data can’t be used for the time being, but it is a scarce wealth for smart travel and smart city construction in the future.

Scanning code is a good thing, but why should there be a "Metro Metropolis"? Why not use Alipay or WeChat directly? This is also a question of many people. Obviously, using Alipay has a better experience for passengers. In view of the installed capacity of Alipay, there is no need to worry that users need to download an APP again when using it.

Besides Alipay, there are WeChat and UnionPay.

When Shanghai promoted the matter of scanning code and taking the subway, it was impossible not to consider Alipay at all, but if you think about it carefully, there are WeChat and UnionPay. Do you need compatibility? After all, Shanghai is not Hangzhou, so it is impossible to bet on the Alipay family. If you scan the code and take the subway in Alipay now, the current ticketing system and gate equipment are bound to be reformed. When you access WeChat or UnionPay in the future, you will face the possibility of repeated reforms. Why don’t official website Metro make its own Metro Metropolis APP, establish its own platform, and unify the specifications, so that no matter whether it is connected by WeChat or other manufacturers in the future, there is no need to make additional transformation. This is actually a long-term plan.

Who is the subject and who is the entrance of traffic?

Who is the subject. If Shanghai Metro opens the boarding code function on Alipay APP, the answer to this question will be vague, and scanning the code to ride will become a function of Alipay, which will contribute to Alipay’s market share and stability in Shanghai, and the entrance of user traffic will also be concentrated on Alipay APP. Shanghai Metro won’t do this, thus losing its initiative and future bargaining power.

Moreover, the installed capacity of Shanghai Metro’s own official APP has been very small, and it is not suitable for commercial advertisements. You can just take a ride to promote the function of scanning code and increase the download volume of "Metro Metropolis". After traffic, putting some advertisements can also be regarded as a means of profit.

Travel data

If the user completes the whole process of scanning the code on Alipay APP, all the user data will remain in Alipay. The accurate user travel data that the subway official has always wanted, as well as the reach of users in the future, is a fantasy.

Indeed, we found that the scope of cooperation between Metro Metropolis and Alipay and UnionPay is limited to providing users with real-name authentication capabilities and payment capabilities.

For various reasons, Shanghai Metro chose to build its own APP, but their experience and technical strength are far less than those of professional Internet companies in making applications.

Here are a few cases:

"Oh, my God, why do you have to turn on Bluetooth?"

Among them, the most talked about is to turn on Bluetooth. Indeed, when our "Metro Metropolis" APP scans the code, it must turn on Bluetooth. Why? The direct reason is that official website chose the self-built APP, and the fundamental reason is that the QR code can only interact in one direction, and the APP can’t get any information through the QR code. The passenger’s fare calculation is done independently by APP. If APP can’t get the location of the station, it can’t calculate the fare at all.

In order to solve this problem, Shanghai Metro has also spent a lot of effort. Through a series of problems with companies, it has launched the technology of "Double Offline BLE Bluetooth Write-back of QR code", and the story of "Double Offline" is left to the next node, saying that "Bluetooth Write-back" is actually a means for subway gates to inform APP passengers of the information of getting in and out of the station. The general process is as follows:

1. The mobile phone generates a two-dimensional code (including the user’s id, mobile phone Bluetooth address and other related information).
2. The gate reads the QR code information and sends it to the controller.
3. The controller on the gate calls the Bluetooth module of the mobile phone.
4. The mobile phone Bluetooth establishes communication with the gate controller, and writes back relevant information (information of the subway station, arrival time, etc.).
5. The gate is released.

Under normal circumstances, the above interaction process needs to be completed within half a second.

So, you must turn on Bluetooth. Why don’t you turn on Bluetooth when Alipay shows the QR code for payment, because nothing will be written back at all during the payment process. After the merchant scans the code, it has nothing to do with the QR code, and the user Alipay only receives the follow-up notice.

The impact of this technology:

1. The existence of Bluetooth write-back technology also prevents criminals from taking my QR code screenshot to ride.
2. Due to the problem of Bluetooth adaptation, subway officials have listed a list of unsupported mobile phone models. Many mobile phone manufacturers have castrated the Bluetooth function, so this kind of mobile phone is not in the support list.

"We are really thinking about passengers. If you don’t believe me, look at our dual offline technology."

In the real use process, some users will still stand in front of the gate and connect to the internet, then open the APP and bring up the QR code page. In fact, as long as the QR code is loaded, there is no need to connect to the internet for future refreshing. This point also fully considers the user’s usage scenarios. The signal in the subway is always unstable. If users are required to connect to the Internet during the process of opening or refreshing the QR code, it will greatly affect the user experience.

Conflict with NFC

Because the newly modified gate supports bus cards, NFC devices and code scanning devices at the same time, if a smart phone has NFC turned on and Metro Metropolis installed at the same time, it will be difficult to identify the gate, and it is obvious that passengers want to use Metro Metropolis. As a result, NFC may work because of the wrong approach posture, leading to the success of swiping the card. Because of this, the Android version of Metro Metropolis requires passengers to turn off the NFC function during the activation process. But in the long run, when the subsidy for "Metro Metropolis" ends, I think passengers may close the "Metro Metropolis". After all, NFC swipes cards faster and can take public transportation.

"Where did you put our bus passengers?"

From the above introduction, we can feel that Shanghai Metro has completely abandoned the bus card in this mode. There is no need to use the bus card in the whole process, but the good thing is half done. When passengers take the bus, they can’t use the "Metro Metropolis". At this time, they can only take out the bus card honestly, and after swiping the card, they find that the concessions for subway bus transfer are gone. Passengers are definitely unhappy. After all, there are not a few passengers who transfer between subway and bus during commuting. These users are destined not to become deep users of "Metro Metropolis".

I have also experienced the "metro Metropolis" many times recently, but I have never chosen to use it during the morning rush hour, or I quietly turned out my bus card and quickly passed the gate.

Product experience:

1. The stability of the APP: Many people have reported that after the code scanning is successful, the gate will not be released at all.
2. Number of gates: Now it seems that there are two gates at the entrance and exit of each platform to support code scanning. The number is still small. During the peak period, there was a queue in front of the code scanning gate, but the ordinary gate was unimpeded.
3. There is a single type of gate: in addition to ordinary gates, there is also a large baggage gate, and there is no large baggage gate that supports code scanning at present.
4. Efficiency of passing the gate: scanning code is faster than NFC, and faster than swiping the card. If someone opens the APP in front of you in the morning rush hour, it’s not enough to brush it a few times. You must want to kick him to death in your heart, but he is also in a hurry.

Brief analysis of product positioning;

The people who take the subway are roughly divided into permanent residents and tourists.

If permanent residents often take the subway, they will definitely get a bus card, which is faster than you. If the monthly consumption quota reaches a certain limit, there will be a discount, and there will be a discount for transferring to the bus.

Tourists certainly don’t understand and don’t want to understand "metro Metropolis". It seems that a one-day subway ticket is more suitable for them.

At least for now, regardless of existing subsidies. I think the bus card is better than "metro Metropolis", both in terms of convenience and economy.

This analysis has not yet involved the design of other product functions and the interaction with related pages. Wait until the user is stable, and after several iterations, do another analysis.

This article was originally published by @ Original Dream. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Recently, a news in the field has aroused widespread concern. It is reported that some owners of Xiaomi models found a new function called "lap time assessment in ranking mode" when receiving the update of Xiaomi HyperOS system. This function claims that if the owner can achieve the officially recommended lap time on the designated track, he can unlock the ranking mode.

This news quickly fermented on the Internet, which triggered heated discussions and doubts among car owners. However, the situation quickly reversed, and many car owners confirmed that Xiaomi had cancelled this OTA update.

In the face of this storm, Xiaomi officially responded quickly. They said that the company has always been committed to establishing good relations with users and attaches great importance to users’ feedback and interests. In the future, before OTA push, we will strengthen communication and forecast with users to ensure the transparency of information and users’ right to know.

According to a car owner of Xiaomi SU7 Ultra, Xiaomi’s sales staff has contacted him actively, apologizing for the incident and offering a car wash machine and points as compensation. The owner said that although the track mode is not used frequently for him personally, he still appreciates Xiaomi’s positive response and compensation measures.

"I think Xiaomi’s handling of this incident is very sincere," the owner said. "They plan to launch a new version of the car machine within 4-6 weeks, and provide 5000 points and car washing machines as compensation for the owners who are locked in power. You can also enjoy the service of free pick-up and delivery of cars to upgrade new cars. "

This incident not only tested Xiaomi’s crisis handling ability in dealing with emergencies, but also highlighted the importance of user feedback to enterprises again. Xiaomi’s quick response and positive compensation measures have undoubtedly alleviated the dissatisfaction of car owners to some extent.

However, different car owners have different views on this incident. Some car owners think that Xiaomi’s compensation measures are sincere enough, while others hope that Xiaomi can pay more attention to the actual needs and experiences of users in future product updates.

Tong Zhengfa [2017] No.67 December 19, 2017

Counties (cities), District People’s governments, Municipal Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, Sutong Science and Technology Industrial Park Management Committee, tongzhou bay Demonstration Zone Management Committee, municipal committees, offices, bureaus and municipal directly affiliated units:

　　In recent years, the whole city has thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on scientific and technological innovation, closely focused on the strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and technology", paid attention to giving full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technological personnel, and encouraged them to carry out theoretical and practical innovations, and achieved good results. In 2015 ~ 2016, the city’s scientific and technological personnel combined with the actual situation of Nantong, wrote and published a large number of academic papers in the fields of natural science and engineering technology in journals above the provincial level, which made positive contributions to promoting scientific and technological innovation projects. After careful evaluation by Nantong Natural Science Academic Papers Review Committee and publicity to the public, a total of 120 outstanding natural science academic papers were awarded, which is hereby announced.

　　It is hoped that all localities, departments, units and the vast number of scientific and technological workers in the city will deeply understand the responsibility of the times to achieve innovation-driven, strive to participate in scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and contribute wisdom and strength to building a "strong, rich, beautiful and high" new Nantong.

　　attachment

List of Winners of the 10th Excellent Academic Papers on Natural Sciences in Nantong (120 in total)

　　First prize (12 articles in total)

　　1、Dispatching strategies for coordinating environmental

　　awareness and risk perception in wind power integrated system

　　Jin Jingliang (Nantong University), Zhou Dequn, Zhou Peng

　　2、Properties of Fluoride-Doped β-PbO2 Electrodes and their Electrocatalytic Activities in Degradation of Acid Orange II

　　Qiao Qicheng (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wang Lizhang, Shi Jian

　　3、A hierarchical-coevolutionary-MapReduce-based 　knowledge reduction algorithm with robust ensemble Pareto equilibrium

　　Ding Weiping (Nantong University), Wang Jiehua, Wang Jiandong

　　4. Color medical image enhancement based on histogram equalization of adaptive intensity matrix.

　　Gu Juping (Nantong University), Hua Liang, Wu Xiao

　　5. Modification of wool by air plasma and enzymes as a cleaner and environmentally friendly process (wool is modified by clean and environmentally friendly air plasma and biological enzymes).

　　Zhang Ruiping (Nantong University)

　　6. Influence of meshing algorithm and structural parameters on harmonic drive.

　　Luo Ji (Nantong Institute of Technology), Sha Chun

　　7、Identification of genetic differentiation between waxy and common maize by SNP genotyping

　　Hao Derong (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Zhang Zhenliang, Cheng Yujing

　　8、CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5

　　Jiang Baochun (Nantong University), Cao Deli, Zhang Xin

　　9、Population-representative Incidence of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure:A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

　　Qin Gang (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Shao Jianguo and Zhu Yongchang.

　　10. body image disorders have impact on the sexual problems in Chinese systematic lupus patients.

　　Shen Biyu (Nantong First People’s Hospital)

　　11、Transplantation of RADA16-BDNF peptide scaffold with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells forced with CXCR4 and activated astrocytes for repair of traumatic brain injury

　　Shi Wei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Xu Xide

　　12、Long-term survival trends of gastric cancer patients from 1972 to 2011 in Qidong

　　Chen Yongsheng (Qidong People’s Hospital), Chen Jianguo and Zhu Jian.

　　Second prize (24 articles in total)

　　1. Effects of different treatment methods on fermentation quality and nutritional components of soybean straw.

　　Gu Yongjian (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Zhan Jinshun, Sha Wenfeng

　　2. Effect of dexamethasone on apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.

　　Sha Xianghong (Nantong Teachers College), Zang Qiaoqiao, Tan Xiangling

　　3、Recursion-Transform method to a non-regular m×n cobweb with an arbitrary longitude

　　Tan Zhizhong (Nantong University)

　　4、Optimizing degradation of Reactive Yellow 176 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma combined with TiO2 nano-particles prepared using response surface methodology

　　Shen Yongjun (Nantong University), Han Shuo, Xu Qihui

　　5、Application of a mercapto- terminated binuclear Cu（II）complex Modified Au electrode to improve the sensitivity and selectivity for Dopamine detection

　　Jiang Guomin (Nantong University), Gu Xuefang, Jiang Guoqing

　　6. Corrosion resistance of nano-CeO2 _ 2 and methanol modified organosilane passivation film

　　Gu Jianfeng (Nantong Vocational College), Xiao Yi, Zhou Daiyi

　　7. Reliability and sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete outer shaft lining structure in deep alluvium by fuzzy stochastic finite element method.

　　Yao Yafeng (Nantong Vocational College)

　　8. Mechanical fault diagnosis of vibration spectrum color image recognition based on quaternion moment invariants.

　　Hua Liang (Nantong University), Qiang Yujian, Gu Juping

　　9. Low-speed impact location of composite plates based on de-averaging normalized cross correlation method.

　　Lu Guan (Nantong University), Xu Yiming and Qiu taught themselves.

　　10. Research on improvement of weld mark defects of automobile instrument base based on AMI.

　　Gu Hai (Nantong Institute of Technology), Sun Jianhua, Yuan Guoding

　　11、Computerized design, generation and simulation of meshing and contact of hyperboloidal-type normal circular-arc gears

　　Chen Houjun (Nantong University), Zhang Xiaoping, Cai Xiong

　　12. Experimental study on seismic behavior of post-tensioned unbonded hybrid assembled frame joints.

　　Zhang Chen (Nantong University), Zhou Yuling, Cai Xiaoning

　　13. Research on the Inheritance and Development of Folk Tiger Head Shoes in Nantong

　　Liu Chunhui (Jiangsu Vocational College of Engineering)

　　14. Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Corn Gelatinization in Milk Maturing Stage

　　Tang Mingxia (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Chen Hui, Yuan Chunxin

　　15. Construction of recombinant expression vector of salt-tolerant willow insect-resistant gene Cry3A.

　　Li Min (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Ma Xiangjian, Li Yujuan

　　16. Estimation and regional distribution of rural biomass energy resources in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

　　Xing Hong (Nantong Teachers College), Zhao Yuan, Wang Yiqiang

　　17. The influence of skill training on the self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with presbycusis in community.

　　Lu Hongjian (Nantong Second People’s Hospital), Jiang Zhongli, Xiao Yuhua

　　18. The curative effect of NB-UVB combined with Tuibai Decoction on vitiligo vulgaris and its regulating effect on Th17 related factors.

　　Sheng Guorong (Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Yan Xia, Xie Yong

　　Clinical observation on 50 cases of bronchial asthma treated by Jiawei Dingchuan powder combined with western medicine

　　Zhu Jinfeng (Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Wu Jian, Yao Zupei

　　Hypoxic tumor-targeted PH-sensitive compound quantum dot siRNA delivery system

　　Zhu Hongyan (Nantong University), Zhang Shengyu, Ling Yong

　　Clinical and biological significance of HAX-1 overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

　　You Bo (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), You Yiwen

　　22. MiR-19b regulates the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts.

　　Zhong Chongjun (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Wang Kun, Ding Shengguang

　　23、Derivation of Schwann cell precursors from neural crest cells resident in bone marrow for cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration

　　Shi Haiyan (Nantong University), Gong Yanpei, Qiang Liang

　　24、A novel molecular and clinical staging model to predict survival for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

　　Wang Wei (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Wang Zhiwei and Zhao Jun.

　　Third Prize (84 articles in total)

　　Diversity analysis of flowering-related traits and starch viscosity traits of waxy corn core collection along the Yangtze River

　　Chen Guoqing (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Xue Lin, Hu Jiaru

　　2. Discussion on the transformation and upgrading of sericulture industry in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province

　　Zhou Jiahua (Jiangsu Modern Sericulture Industrial Park Co., Ltd.)

　　3、Stability and Morrey spaces relation to multipliers

　　Zhu Yueping (Nantong Teachers College), Yang Qixiang, Ye Pengtao

　　4、Blow-up results for evolution problems with inhomogeneous nonlocal diffusion

　　Chen Yujuan (Nantong University), Zhu Yueping

　　5、Bifurcation analysis on delay-induced bursting in a shape memory alloy oscillator with time delay feedback

　　Yu Yue (Nantong University), Zhang Zhengdi, Bi Qinsheng

　　6、Generation of a mef2aa:EGFP transgeniczebrafish line that expresses EGFP in muscle cells

　　Lu Feng (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Liu Dong, Yan Xinghong

　　7. internet plus: Generate Wisdom and Efficiency for Mathematics Classroom.

　　Wu Youhua (Tongzhou District Xingren High School)

　　8. Optimal relational contract model of port supply chain logistics capacity.

　　Lu Yongming (Nantong Open University)

　　9. Preparation of Ordered Mesoporous Indium Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites and Their Visible Photocatalytic Properties

　　Ding Minjuan (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology)

　　10. Environmentally friendly recovery of phenylacetic acid from the production process of 7-ADCA.

　　Li Xun (Jiangsu Jiujiujiu Technology Co., Ltd.), Zhou Xinji, Xian Juan

　　11. Overview of the development and evolution of colored cotton embroidery in Nantong.

　　Jiang Xingmin (Nantong Arts and Crafts Institute)

　　12. Discussion on the stitch characteristics of Nantong simulation embroidery.

　　Huali (Nantong Arts and Crafts Institute)

　　13. Study on the bottom friction and wave breaking coefficient of typhoon wave propagation in the radiation sand ridge group of the South Yellow Sea-taking Lanshayang Waterway as an example

　　Xu Zhuo (Nantong Sijian Group Co., Ltd.), Zhang Wei, Lu Peidong

　　14. Analysis of the influence of the heating system inside and outside the tank on the heating efficiency of the tank.

　　Shi Jianrong (Nantong CIMC), Luo Yongxin, Zhao Kai

　　15. Design of progressive die for harness clamp

　　Zhu Jianrong (Xinrong Electromechanical Technology (Nantong) Co., Ltd.)

　　16. Research and design of high-efficiency motor energy efficiency test system based on 112B method.

　　Zhang Zhihua (nantong shipping college)

　　17、Detection of dopamine on a mercapto-terminated hexanuclear Fe（III） cluster modified gold electrode

　　Gu Xuefang (Nantong University), Jiang Guomin, Jiang Guoqing

　　18. Study on early cracking mechanism of steel bridge deck pavement based on texture characteristics.

　　Zhu Yong (Nantong University), Xu Xunqian

　　19、Wave reflection in a rotating pyroelectric half-plane

　　Jiang Quan (Nantong University), Yuan Xiaoguang

　　20. Optimization of stamping process parameters of clutch corrugated sheet based on orthogonal test.

　　Gao Liping (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology)

　　21, laser shock wave control elastic element residual stress state.

　　Li Bin (Nantong Institute of Technology), Gu Hai, Sun Jianhua

　　22. Study on the influence of mandrel on cold push bending forming of thin-walled TA2 titanium tube.

　　Hao Jing (Nantong Vocational College)

　　Research on intelligent recognition of license plate characters of muck truck

　　Qu Guoqing (Jiangsu Business Vocational College), Li Wangpei

　　24. Relay selection scheme and its performance analysis of single eavesdropping and double-hop cooperative network

　　Yang Lijun (Nantong Vocational College)

　　25. Simulation analysis of abnormal network traffic sequence monitoring technology under constant false alarm rate

　　Liu Haitao (Nantong Open University)

　　26、Effect of steel reinforcement with different degree of corrosion on degeneration of mechanical performance of reinforced concrete frame joints

　　Wu Xu (Nantong Institute of Technology), Liu Ronggui

　　27、AQM scheme design for TCP network via Takagi -Sugeno fuzzy method

　　Xu Sheng (Nantong Vocational College), Fei Minrui, Yang Xinhao

　　28. Hierarchical maximum likelihood iterative identification algorithm for Hammerstein nonlinear systems.

　　Li Junhong (Nantong University), Gu Juping, Yang Yi

　　29. Singularly perturbed frequency division control of double inverted pendulum.

　　Huang Xiaoli (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology) and Wu Zhonghua

　　30、Blind quality index for camera images with natural scene statistics and patch-based 　sharpness assessment

　　Tang Lijuan (Jiangsu Business Vocational College), Li Leida, Gu Kun

　　31、An improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm for assisted therapy of chronic bronchitis

　　Lu Weijia (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yan Zhuangzhi

　　32. Rapid detection of pentachlorophenol in aquatic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

　　Shi Yukun (Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Yang Meigui, Yang Qinghua

　　33. Technological conditions for hydrolysis of waxy corn juice by medium-temperature α -amylase

　　Su Aimei (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wu Haiyan and Tang Mingxia.

　　34. Rapid determination of polysaccharide content in silkworm chrysalis by derivative spectrometry

　　Wu Haiyan (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Yuan Qiumei

　　35, greenhouse "fresh broad beans/Lycium barbarum/lotus+loofah+tomato" efficient planting mode.

　　Cheng Yujing (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Li Jin, Tang Mingxia

　　36. CAPS marker development and its application in D8 gene functional marker development.

　　Ou Yanghong (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wu Wenwen, Shao Yuanjian

　　37. Efficient winter intercropping mode and comprehensive cultivation techniques of mulberry fields in Nantong City.

　　Wei Yafeng (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Liu Jian, Li Bo

　　38. Construction and Application of Plough Cutting Soil Phase Diagram

　　Xu Shaohua (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Lu Shaoying, Ren Jianhua

　　39. Exploration and practice of multi-batch full-age artificial feed silkworms throughout the year.

　　Hanyifei (Rudong County Cansang Guidance Station)

　　40、Induction of tetraploidity with antimicrotubule agents in oriental melon （Cucumis melo var. Makuwa）

　　Wang Kang (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), He Linchi and Yan Honglang

　　41、Genome-wide association study of the husk number and weight in maize （Zea mays L.）

　　Zhou Guangfei (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Hao Derong, Chen Guoqing

　　42. Effect of panicle fertilizer application on rice yield and yield components under drip irrigation under plastic film.

　　Li Shifeng (Nantong Crop Cultivation Technology Guidance Station), Lu Jian, Zhou Yu

　　43、Exploring the genetic variants of insulin-like growth factor II gene and their associations with two production traits in Langshan chicken

　　Yan Linjun (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Fang Xingtang, Liu Yao

　　44. Mesoscale analysis of a heavy rain process in Jiangsu under the background of typhoon going far to the north.

　　Zhang Shumin (Nantong Meteorological Bureau), Gu Peishu, Wu Caixia

　　45. A preliminary study on the flower color components of Tokyo Jasmine.

　　Xu Liping (Nantong Institute of Technology), Yu Fangyuan

　　46. Practice and Suggestions on Innovative Agricultural Insurance in Nantong City

　　Ping Gen (Nantong Municipal Committee Agriculture Office), Wang Jianzhong, Yin Honghua

　　47, Haimen leisure agriculture and rural tourism development.

　　Fan Lingyan (Haimen Municipal Committee Agriculture Office)

　　48, Nantong water conservancy support capacity and economic and social development coordination analysis.

　　Huang Li (Nantong Water Resources Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.), Tao Xiaodong, Lu Tingting

　　49、Porcine Mx1 fused to HIV Tat protein transduction domain （PTD） inhibits classical swine fever virus infection in vitro and in vivo

　　Zhang Xiaomin (Rugao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station)

　　50. Implementation and effect of specialized unified prevention and control of mulberry diseases and insect pests in Rugao City

　　Qian Xiaolan (Rugao Sericulture Technical Guidance Station), Zhang Fang

　　51. Observation on the effect of different disease modes of rice false smut on rice yield.

　　Sun Chunlai (Hai ‘an Plant Protection and Quarantine Station), Wang Xiaoqin, Zhang Helan

　　52. Cultivate new business entities and build a new force in modern agricultural construction.

　　Zhou Sheng (Nantong Municipal Committee Agriculture Office)

　　53. Serumykl-40 is incremental in patients with slow corona flow Xu Ying (Haimen People’s Hospital), Meng Hailiang and Pan Min.

　　54. Research and application of green control technology for main rice pests along the Yangtze River.

　　Zhang Xilin (Tongzhou District Agriculture Committee), Zhou Hao

　　55. Analysis of the Interaction between Smoking and Drugs and Diseases in Prescription Drug Instructions

　　Li Haibo (Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital)

　　56. Quality control method of rhubarb by combining fingerprint with one test and multiple evaluation.

　　Dou Zhihua (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Qiao Jin, Bian Li

　　57. ABC analysis of temporary purchase of non-antibacterial drugs in a hospital in 2014.

　　Chen Xia (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Lu Ying, Zhang Yanhua.

　　58、Comparison of minocycline and azithromycin for the treatment of mild scrub typhus in northern China

　　Zhao Minxing (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Shen Yanbo, Wang Ting

　　59、Outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

　　Zhao Dongsheng (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Shen Yi, Zhang Qing

　　60、Prognostic role of microscopically positive marginsfor primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

　　Zhi Xiaofei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Jiang Baofei, Yu Junbo

　　61、CXCL13 Promotes Proliferation of Mesangial Cells by Combination with CXCR5 in SLE

　　Da Zhanyun (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Li Liuxia and Zhu Jin

　　62、The value of serum RASSF10 hypomethylation in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer

　　Xue Wanjiang (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Feng Ying and Wang Fei

　　63. Cross-cultural adjustment of cancer patients’ disease benefit scale

　　Liu Xun (Nantong University), Zhang Lanfeng

　　64、Meta-analytic approaches to determine gender differences for delayed healing in venous leg ulcers

　　Tang Xiaolei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Chen Honglin and Zhao Fangfang.

　　65、A novel automatic regulatory device for continuous bladder irrigation based on wireless sensor in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate：A prospective investigation

　　Ding Aiming (Nantong First People’s Hospital), He Bosheng, Cao Huling

　　66. Effect of Dioscorea nipponica Makino on the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients.

　　Cao Yongjun (Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Jiang Shengyu, Luo Yanping

　　67、Effectiveness of Moxibustion Treatment in Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double- Blinded,Placebo-Controlled Trial

　　Ren Xiumei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yao Chang, Wu Fan

　　68、Effect of Intermittent versus Chronic Calorie Restriction on Tumor Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

　　Chen Yalan (Nantong University), Xu Guangfei

　　69. The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and PET/CT in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.

　　Feng Feng (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Xia Ganlin, Qiang Fulin

　　70. Analysis of HIV/AIDS test results in Rudong County from 2013 to 2015

　　Wang Shifang (Rudong County Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

　　71. Preliminary clinical significance analysis of percutaneous and blood carbon dioxide partial pressure gradient monitoring in septic shock patients.

　　Wang Weiqun (Tongzhou District People’s Hospital), Cao Peihong, Qiu Zuhong

　　72、Lung Cancer in a Rural Area of China:Rapid Rise in Incidence and Poor Improvement in Survival

　　Yang Juan (Qidong People’s Hospital)

　　73, NLRC5 Targeting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway and Its Regulatory Effect on Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

　　Peng Yunyun (Haimen People’s Hospital)

　　74. The high expression of FABP3 and FABP4 and the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

　　Tang Zhiyuan (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Zhou Xiaoyu and Ni Songshi.

　　75. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide combined with metformin on myocardial structure and hemodynamics in type 2 diabetic rats.

　　Qiao Jin (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Dou Zhihua, Wu Feng

　　76. Effect of Tuibai Decoction combined with NB-UVB on the expression levels of IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with vitiligo vulgaris

　　Ding Xiaoyun (Nantong Fourth People’s Hospital), Liu Haiqin

　　77、Drug resistance-related microRNAs in hematological malignancies: Translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies

　　Xie Lingling (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Jing Rongrong and Qi Jing.

　　78、RASSF10 is an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor and independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

　　Wang Fei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Feng Ying and Li Peng

　　79、Association of microRNA-21 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the risk of progression in advanced prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy

　　Guan Yangbo (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Wu You, Liu Yifei

　　80、MicroRNA-146a-5pattenuates neuropathic pain via 　suppressing TRAF6 signaling in the spinal cord

　　Lu Ying (Nantong University), Cao Deli, Jiang Baochun

　　81、MicroRNA-10a/10b represses a novel target gene mib1 toregulate angiogenesis

　　Wang Xin (Nantong University), Ling Changchun, Li Liping

　　82、Runx1t1 Regulates the Neuronal Differentiation of Radial Glial Cells From the Rat Hippocampus

　　Zou Linqing (Nantong University), Jin Guohua, Li Haoming

　　83、The effects of percutaneous ethanolinjection followed by 20-kHz ultrasound and microbubbles on rabbit hepatic tumors

　　Shen Zhiyong (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Xia Ganlin, Wu Mingfeng.

　　84、Expression of immune checkpoints in T cells of esophageal cancer patients

　　Xie Jinhua (Hai ‘an County People’s Hospital), Ji Haoming, Zhang Yan

CCTV News:Be the first in the spring of the year, and do everything first. At a new starting point, all walks of life have worked hard to spell out a gratifying "new speed." Today (February 29), "News Network" released a series of exciting good news: in 2023, the annual GDP exceeded 126 trillion, and the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan; Shanghai creates a new highland of institutional openness; "Great powers and heavy weapons" are constantly "innovating", and civil aviation transportation and scientific and technological development have won many successes. New quality productivity, new technology and new kinetic energy continue to exert their strength, and China’s "new and new" thriving economy is moving forward step by step.

In 2023, the gross domestic product exceeded 126 trillion yuan.

The National Bureau of Statistics released the Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development in 2023 on February 29th. According to preliminary accounting, in 2023, the gross domestic product reached 126,058.2 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year.

The cultivation of emerging industries has been accelerated. In 2023, the proportion of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing in the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size rose to 15.7% and 33.6% respectively. The integration of digital technology and the real economy has been solidly promoted. The transaction volume of e-commerce increased by 9.4% over the previous year, and the added value of information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 11.9%.

Scientific and technological innovation has achieved new breakthroughs. In 2023, the expenditure on research and experimental development in the whole society was 3.3 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.64% of the GDP, of which the expenditure on basic research increased by 9.3%.

Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone to Create a New Highland of Institutional Opening

The Overall Plan for the Construction of Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone has positioned Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone as a new platform for facilitating international business exchanges, a new carrier for gathering service resources and a new node for promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and has undertaken three core functions: facilitating international business exchanges, serving high-end international exhibition activities and improving the quality of training services.

The cooperation zone is adjacent to Pudong Airport and Shanghai East Railway Station, with a planned area of about 0.88 square kilometers. It is divided into two blocks with the G1503 expressway as the boundary.

The plan is clear. By 2025, the closed acceptance of the first start-up area of the business cooperation zone will be completed. By 2028, the business cooperation zone will be fully closed. By 2030, the business cooperation zone will be fully built. Upon completion, overseas personnel who take international or regional flights from Pudong International Airport do not need a Chinese visa, but only need to hold international travel documents to enter the area with a valid invitation filed by the comprehensive management agency of the business cooperation zone, and can stay for 30 days, and can apply for extension as needed. Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone will be built into a new highland of institutional openness, a new engine to smooth China’s economic cycle and a new hub to connect domestic and international dual cycles.

Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be closed for operation from March 1st.

From 0: 00 on March 1st, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be officially closed for operation. A series of preferential tax policies will be implemented from the operation of customs clearance, which will facilitate the exchange of goods and personnel between Hengqin and Macao.

Speed up the development of science and technologyDigital China Construction

Speeding up the construction of digital China and injecting powerful impetus into Chinese modernization.

According to the latest data, in 2023, the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan, accounting for 3.72% of GDP. Digital technology and the real economy continue to be deeply integrated to accelerate the development of new quality productivity.

Embark on a new journey and draw a new blueprint, and a series of top-level designs have landed one after another. "Overall Layout Planning of Digital China Construction" was issued, and the National Data Bureau was established. China has built the world’s largest communication network, with the number of 5G base stations exceeding 3.37 million. The annual growth rate of computing power scale has remained above 30%, and the digital base has been continuously consolidated.

Nowadays, the digital wave is accelerating the deep integration with the "five in one" of China’s economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction.

Collaborative innovation of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Construction started in the new year. This is a shield machine that is spread all over the country. Any tiny blade wear on it can be transmitted back to the digital twin system thousands of miles away in real time. In eight cities including Beijing, Shenzhen and Suzhou, on average, more than 500 intelligent networked vehicles are conducting road tests every day, and all vehicle test data can be transmitted to Wulanchabu Computing Center in real time in less than 10 milliseconds at the earliest for synchronous simulation and analysis.

Digital city construction has reached a new level. More than 90% of government services in China are available online, and the level of government governance has been greatly improved. The digital life scene is constantly changing, the subway can adjust the frequency in real time according to the flow of people, and the expressway can automatically remind the weather and road conditions, digitally accelerate the integration into all aspects of people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation, and make the people feel more gained.

Today, the construction of ecological civilization is also more intelligent. In the world’s largest clean energy corridor, the river will cross six power stations and cover 1,800 kilometers. During this period, whether it needs to be used for flood control, power generation, shipping and irrigation can now be accurately calculated through this newly built "smart brain".

The pace of digital culture construction continued to accelerate. The forms of "cloud tour" such as the Digital Forbidden City and Digital Expo are constantly updated. Up to now, China has published a total of 130,000 digital resources of ancient books online, and traditional culture has flourished in generate through digital technology.

This year, China will further strengthen the layout of digital China. According to statistics, in just two months, more than 20 provincial-level data management institutions have been established one after another, the construction of computing hub nodes in eight countries of the "East Counting and West Computing" project has been accelerated, the research on 5G lightweight has been fully launched, and the industrial Internet has entered a new stage of large-scale development. From the tip of the tongue to the fingertips, from the field to the workshop, digital technology is accelerating the all-round economic and social changes and injecting strong impetus into promoting Chinese modernization.

Beijing establishes large-scale model application industry consortium.

On February 29th, 2024 Beijing Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation and Development Conference was held in Beijing. The purpose of the conference is to promote the wide application of artificial intelligence technology and the deep integration of industries, and form a new quality productivity. Around the three elements of artificial intelligence computing power, data and algorithm, the first independent innovation artificial intelligence computing power cluster and large-scale model application industry consortium in Beijing were released, and a number of industrial cooperation projects were fully developed.

In 2023, "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" was released.

The reporter learned from the National Natural Science Foundation of China that the "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" in 2023 was announced today (February 29th). The top ten advances are mainly distributed in life science and medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum, astronomy, chemical energy and other scientific fields. The selection has been held for 19 times since it was launched in 2005, and was voted by many high-level experts in the field of basic research, such as academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering.

The construction of a strong transportation country has changed from "big" to "strong"

In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Many sets of data outline the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

The data shows that the total mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network currently exceeds 6 million kilometers; The national railway operating mileage is 159,000 kilometers, including 45,000 kilometers of high-speed rail; The total mileage of national highways is 5.441 million kilometers, including 184,000 kilometers of expressways; The navigation mileage of inland waterways is 128,000 kilometers, including 17,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways; There are 22,000 productive berths in the port, including 2,883 berths with a tonnage of over 10,000 tons; There are 259 airports for civil aviation transportation, including 38 airports with annual passenger throughput exceeding 10 million passengers. Over the past five years, China has invested more than 18 trillion yuan in transportation fixed assets, and the construction of a transportation power has been accelerating. Major projects such as sichuan-tibet railway and Shenzhen-China Passage have been actively and effectively promoted, and major landmark projects such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Beijing Daxing International Airport have been put into operation. The pace of construction of intelligent railways, intelligent highways, intelligent navigation channels, intelligent civil aviation and intelligent postal services has been accelerated, and the scale of automated container terminals built and under construction ranks first in the world. The first domestic large-scale cruise ship was officially put into operation on New Year’s Day in 2024, C919 domestic large aircraft was officially put into commercial operation, the world’s first high-speed freight EMU with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour was rolled off the assembly line, the development of CR450 EMU continued to deepen, and the application of new energy and clean energy transportation equipment was accelerated.

Civil aviation transportation production started well.

The reporter learned from the press conference of the Civil Aviation Administration of China held on February 29 that since the beginning of this year, civil aviation transportation production has started well. In January, the total transportation turnover of the whole civil aviation industry was 11.61 billion tons kilometers, up 57.1% year-on-year; The passenger traffic volume was 57.318 million, up 44.1% year-on-year.

"Big country and heavy weapon" is new

China’s first self-developed 300 MW F-class heavy gas turbine went offline.

A few days ago, the first prototype of a 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine independently developed by China was finally assembled in Shanghai Lingang, marking the first time that China’s high-power heavy-duty gas turbine has completed the whole manufacturing process based on forward design. Heavy-duty gas turbine is the core equipment in the energy field. The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine rolled off the production line this time is the first heavy-duty gas turbine with the highest power and the highest technical level independently developed in China.

The level of medical services continued to improve.

China has built 46 national TCM inheritance and innovation centers.

The reporter learned from state administration of traditional chinese medicine that since the implementation of major projects for the revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine, the central government has invested nearly 13 billion yuan to promote the implementation of major projects. At present, the number of community health service centers and traditional Chinese medicine halls in township hospitals has increased to more than 40,000, and 46 national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers and 321 high-level key disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine have been built.

China continues to improve its comprehensive support capacity for rare diseases.

February 29th is the International Day for Rare Diseases. Up to now, more than 80 kinds of drugs for rare diseases have been included in the national medical insurance drug list in China, and the average price reduction of 51 kinds of drugs for rare diseases included through medical insurance negotiation has exceeded 50%. In 2023, 15 varieties of drugs with rare diseases were accelerated to market through priority review and approval procedures. Two batches of national rare diseases catalogues published by China have included 207 rare diseases.

CCTV News:Five departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, issued an announcement on matters related to the implementation of the national six emission standards for automobiles.

In order to implement the Emission Limits and Measurement Methods of Light Vehicle Pollutants (China Phase VI) (GB 18352.6— 2016) and "Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Heavy Diesel Vehicles (China Phase VI)" (GB 17691— In 2018), the relevant policies to help enterprises bail out, stabilize and expand automobile consumption are implemented. The relevant matters concerning the nationwide full implementation of the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b for light vehicles and the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b for heavy diesel vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b) are announced as follows:

1. From July 1, 2023, the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be fully implemented, and the production, import and sale of automobiles that do not meet the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be prohibited. The production date is based on the vehicle manufacturing date of the motor vehicle certificate, and the electronic information of the certificate should be uploaded before 0: 00 on July 1, 2023; The date of import is based on the date of arrival of the goods import certificate; The date of sale shall be subject to the date of motor vehicle sales invoice.

Two, for some of the actual driving pollutant emission tests (that is, RDE test) report results as "monitoring only" and other light vehicles, give a half-year sales transition period, allowing sales until December 31, 2023.

Three, automobile production and import enterprises, as the main body responsible for the consistency management of environmental protection production, should disclose the vehicle emission inspection information and pollution control technical information before the vehicle leaves the factory or enters the country according to the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law, so as to ensure that the actually produced and imported vehicles meet the requirements. Relevant certification bodies shall issue compulsory product certification certificates according to the national six emission standards 6b stage.