On the morning of March 11th, the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference in the Great Hall of the People, and Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China attended the press conference. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Bogu photo

　　Reduce taxes and fees

　　Before the end of June this year, the remaining tax credits for small and micro enterprises will be refunded in one lump sum.

　　Reporter from American Consumer News and Business Channel: According to relevant research conducted by the National Finance and Development Laboratory, fee reduction is the biggest help for small enterprises, followed by tax reduction. Can you share with us specific data about the impact of tax reduction and fee reduction? In addition, due to the slowdown in the development of the real estate market, local government finances have decreased. What are your considerations in this regard? And when it comes to consumption, will the government consider issuing consumer vouchers and other similar policy measures?

　　Li Keqiang: The conclusion should be supported by theory and practice. From our practice in recent years, the effect of tax reduction and fee reduction is the most direct. I remember talking to more than a dozen entrepreneurs in the eastern region last year. They talked about the difficulties in the operation of enterprises and hoped that the state would introduce some macro-support policies. I said at that time that the central government’s policy reserves were available, but they needed to be used centrally. There are three choices, but you can only make multiple-choice questions, that is, choose one out of three. First, large-scale investment, maybe you can get an order. Second, issuing coupons may directly stimulate consumption. The third is to reduce taxes and fees for enterprises, stabilize employment and promote investment and consumption. They were silent for a while and almost replied with one voice, we chose the third option. Because this is the most direct, fair and efficient. Judging from the relevant reports I received this year, tax reduction and fee reduction are generally regarded as the first expectation of the government’s macro policy. It seems that fertilization has to be applied to the roots, and the roots can flourish.

　　I also saw from the materials that some people are worried that the marginal effect has been decreasing after the tax reduction and fee reduction has been implemented for several years, that is to say, the effect is not as great as before. The large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction we implemented this time is a combination of tax rebate and tax reduction, with a scale of 2.5 trillion yuan. When the economy was hit hardest in 2020, it was such a large policy scale that we finally survived, and this time we adjusted the structure and put the tax rebate first. The so-called tax refund means that according to the design of the value-added tax system, the market subject is similar to the tax paid first and then returned. We adopt the method of early tax refund, that is, we will refund the remaining tax to the enterprise at one time, with a scale of more than 1.5 trillion yuan. If the effect is good, we will increase our efforts.

　　We give priority to small and micro enterprises in tax refund, because small and micro enterprises are large in quantity and wide in scope, support a large number of employed people, and now it is the most tense and difficult time for them to have funds. Therefore, before the end of June this year, we will refund the remaining tax credits of small and micro enterprises in one lump sum, fully solve the remaining tax credits of some key industries such as manufacturing, R&D services and so on, and solve the incremental tax rebates for small and micro enterprises month by month. When I participated in the discussion in the CPPCC, a CPPCC member was an entrepreneur, and he told me that compared with other measures such as tax reduction and fee reduction and investment, the tax rebate effect came fastest and best. There may be many twists and turns in running a project. Tax refund is equivalent to finding money directly for enterprises and increasing cash flow, which is timely rain. It seems that it is better to say a thousand words than to do something practical, and this key measure must be put in place.

　　Reducing taxes and fees is a subtraction, but it is also an addition in essence, because if you retire today, you will increase tomorrow. If you reduce today, you may increase tomorrow. Last year, the money paid by the new tax market participants exceeded the money we reduced taxes in that year, which is recorded. Since we implemented the value-added tax reform in 2013, it has been reduced by 8.7 trillion yuan under the guidance of tax reduction. At that time, our fiscal revenue was about 11 trillion yuan, and last year it exceeded 20 trillion yuan, nearly doubling. Because enterprises have benefited from this process, the benefits have increased. It can be said that there are many fish in the deep water, which is to conserve tax sources and cultivate and expand market players.

　　Just now, you said that local fiscal revenue has encountered new difficulties, and we have noticed it. Therefore, this year’s increase in transfer payments from the central government to local governments is rare for many years, with an increase of 18% and a total scale of 9.8 trillion yuan. The tax rebate is mainly paid by the central government, and of course, local governments have to "chip in". Our tax refund money goes directly to enterprises. Considering the difficulties of the grassroots, our transfer payment subsidy funds go directly to the grassroots below the city and county. Local governments should be "iron cocks", and they should not spend any money they shouldn’t spend. They should not spend any less money on market players. An extra point would add luster.

　　Situation in Ukraine

　　Support and encourage all efforts that are conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis.

　　Reuters: Since Russia launched its attack on Ukraine, two million refugees and hundreds of civilians have died. People are also worried about the prospect of nuclear escalation, but China has never condemned Russia’s behavior or called it "invasion". Will China not condemn Russia anyway? Will China further provide economic and financial support to Russia in the face of sanctions? Are you worried that this will be negatively affected by sanctions from other countries?

　　Li Keqiang: As I said just now, China has always pursued an independent foreign policy of peace. Regarding the situation in Ukraine, China advocates that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries should be respected, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter should be observed, and the legitimate security concerns of all countries should be taken seriously. China makes our own judgment on this basis and is willing to play an active role in returning to peace with the international community.

　　The current situation in Ukraine is indeed worrying. We should do our utmost to support Russia and Ukraine to overcome difficulties and negotiate a peaceful outcome. We support and encourage all efforts that are conducive to a peaceful settlement of the crisis. It is urgent to avoid the tension from escalating or even getting out of control, and the international community and all parties have a consensus on this.

　　China calls for maximum restraint to prevent a large-scale humanitarian crisis. China has put forward an initiative to deal with the humanitarian situation in Ukraine and will continue to provide humanitarian assistance to Ukraine.

　　At present, the world economy is already very difficult because of the impact of the epidemic, and the relevant sanctions will have an impact on the recovery of the world economy, which is not good for all parties. China is willing to make its own constructive efforts to safeguard world peace and stability and promote development and prosperity.

　　stabilize employment

　　Give full play to the wisdom of ordinary people, and the big stage of employment will be colorful

　　Reporter from China Central Radio and Television General Station: At present, we have seen that some enterprises have unstable expectations, some industries have reduced their jobs, and some enterprises have laid off employees. On the other hand, the new population in need of employment is increasing. May I ask the Prime Minister, what measures will we take this year to achieve the goal of stable employment?

　　Li Keqiang: Employment is not only a livelihood issue, but also a development issue. Only when you have employment can you earn money, make a living and create wealth for the society. I remember when I went to the enterprise for investigation last year, a person in charge of the enterprise told me that in August, many employees advanced their wages to him. Why? Children have to pay tuition in September. Before the Spring Festival, I went to the northwest countryside for investigation. A farmer told me that it costs more than 10,000 yuan a year for one of his children to go to college, and more than 8,000 yuan a year for another child to go to high school. It is impossible to grow a few acres of land, but there must be income from working. I am really moved by our people. They are working hard. Working and getting jobs are not only related to the current family livelihood, but also strive for a better future for the next generation.

　　This year, we will strengthen the implementation of macro policies, and fiscal and monetary policies should focus on achieving employment goals. Therefore, we emphasize that employment priority is also a macro policy, and other policies should be matched to achieve employment goals. At present, we must create more than 11 million new urban jobs every year, and it is better to have more than 13 million people. I always feel that as long as we achieve full employment, we can realize what some people call the potential economic growth rate of China. For example, when the epidemic hit hard in 2020, we didn’t set an economic growth target, but we set a clear target, that is, more than 9 million new urban jobs were created, and as a result, more than 11 million new urban jobs were created. The economy not only achieved positive growth, but also the growth rate reached 2.2%, which was the only one among major economies to achieve positive growth.

　　This year, the number of new urban laborers who need employment has reached about 16 million, the highest in many years. There are 10.76 million college graduates, the highest in history. There are also nearly 300 million migrant workers who have the opportunity to work, and they must also ensure the employment of retired soldiers. There are still some enterprises that live and die, and some people want to re-employment. The new labor force in cities and towns is growing, and a new employment platform is needed. For the newly-added people who need employment, we should give them various support measures such as training and solve the employment problem by market-oriented methods. For example, in recent years, we have been promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation, promoting the development of new technologies, new formats and new models, and cultivating new kinetic energy. We believe that ordinary people are intellectually intelligent, and if their special skills and intelligence are brought into play, the big stage of employment will be colorful.

　　Flexible employment has to be mentioned here, because there are more than 200 million people in this field, with various forms and wide coverage. As a developing country, this form of employment will exist for a long time. It is really hard for them to come and go in the wind and rain, and many places are providing them with warm-hearted services. In view of their labor rights, social security and other issues, the government should gradually improve the policy, that is to say, these "riders" should be tied with "safety belts", so that new employment forms such as flexible employment can not only solve urgent needs, but also stimulate market vitality and social creativity.

　　Optimize the business environment

　　The government must carry out the reform with the cutting edge inward, so that the market players can emerge one after another and be full of vitality

　　Xinhua News Agency: In recent years, although China’s business environment has improved, market players have increased substantially, and enterprises have made things much more convenient, there are still many kinds of interference. What efforts will the government make to optimize the business environment and stimulate market vitality and creativity under the current circumstances?

　　Li Keqiang: In recent 10 years, the State Council has held a national conference every year to promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and optimize the business environment. I also noticed that at the beginning of this year, many places held meetings around the theme of improving the business environment. It can be said that the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform is to improve the growing soil for market players, to reduce taxes and fees is to fertilize and water them, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation are to promote more market players to take root. As long as we bring people’s creativity into play and stimulate the vitality of market players, everyone can imagine the vivid situation of the economy. However, the government must carry out the reform with the cutting edge inward, and can’t let the government departments turn around their own power, but through the reform, the market players will emerge one after another and be full of vitality.

　　It is more difficult to touch the interests than the soul. However, the importance of government is constant. In recent years, we have continued to promote market-oriented reform and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. More than 1,000 administrative licenses have been decentralized or cancelled, and non-administrative licenses have withdrawn from the historical stage. In the past, it took dozens of days to get a license for running a business, and it took hundreds of days. Now it takes an average of four days nationwide and one day in the least places. At present, about 90% of government services are online, handheld, off-site, and not met. In fact, this is breaking the barriers of interests and breaking through the traditional thinking. We will continue to promote measures that benefit enterprises and benefit the people.

　　Through the continuous improvement of the business environment in recent years, China’s market entities have reached 150 million, a net increase of about 100 million compared with 10 years ago, mainly private market entities, including 100 million individual industrial and commercial households. Don’t underestimate individual industrial and commercial households, they are connected with the livelihood of many people at one end and the consumption of the public at the other. When I participated in the discussion in the CPPCC, those entrepreneurs said that if small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households did not get through the "micro blood vessels", large and medium-sized enterprises and even state-owned enterprises and central enterprises would not be able to move.

　　Let’s take a look at the places with good economic development. There are great reforms, good business environment and many market players, so the economy is full of enthusiasm. Of course, I have repeatedly stressed that "liberalization" and "management" go hand in hand. "liberalization" is not a responsibility, but "management" is a duty that the government must perform. "Liberalization" is not laissez-faire. We must resolutely crack down on those acts of counterfeiting, cheating and abduction, especially in some fields involving people’s lives and health and the interests of the masses, such as food and medicine, safe production and finance. Those who violate the law must be punished. Now the new format and new model are constantly changing and developing. We should constantly improve the regulatory regulations and methods so that market players can truly compete and develop in a fair and just environment.

　　Hong kong epidemic situation

　　The SAR government should take the main responsibility of fighting the epidemic, and the central government will fully support Hong Kong in fighting the epidemic.

　　Phoenix TV reporter: Since last year, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has held elections for the Election Committee and the seventh Legislative Council. This year, the sixth Chief Executive election will be held. On the one hand, a new electoral system is implemented; on the other hand, the epidemic situation in Hong Kong has not shown signs of improvement, and everyone is very concerned about this election. How does the Prime Minister comment on this?

　　Li Keqiang: At present, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Hong Kong is grim. The SAR Government has decided to postpone the election of the sixth Chief Executive according to law and concentrate on fighting the epidemic. We fully understand and support it. The central government pays close attention to the epidemic situation in Hong Kong every day, and is very concerned about the life, health and safety of Hong Kong citizens. The SAR Government should assume the main responsibility of fighting the epidemic, and the central government will fully support Hong Kong in fighting the epidemic.

　　We will comprehensively, accurately and unswervingly implement the policy of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy, and the change of the SAR government will be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law. I hope that the SAR Government will unite and lead people from all walks of life in Hong Kong to continue to develop the economy and improve people’s livelihood, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s position as the three major international financial, trade and shipping centers, and maintain Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.

　　epidemic prevention and control

　　Make prevention and control more scientific and accurate according to the change of epidemic situation and virus characteristics.

　　Spanish EFE reporter: It has been two years since the outbreak. In the past two years, China has basically been "closed". Does China now consider making the current "dynamic zero clearing" epidemic prevention and control policy more sustainable? Is there a road map that is "open" to the world?

　　Li Keqiang: Covid-19 is the common enemy of mankind. It has been spreading for two years, and the virus has been mutating. Some laws need to be further studied, and corresponding measures such as vaccine protection and effective drug research and development need to be strengthened. At present, the international community should unite, cooperate and help each other, understand and tolerate each other more, and work hard to create conditions for the world to return to normal.

　　China has been coordinating the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development, and actively promoting international exchanges and cooperation. We will make prevention and control more scientific and accurate according to the changes of epidemic situation and the characteristics of the virus, so as to ensure people’s life and health, normal production and living order, and the safety of industrial chain and supply chain.

　　Since the outbreak, I have talked with the heads of international organizations, multinational companies and entrepreneurs many times, and they all hope to ensure the necessary business contacts. We have opened "fast track" and "green track" to ensure the normal production and operation of some key enterprises and projects. We will continue to accumulate experience, respond to possible changes in a timely manner, and gradually make logistics and people flow smoothly.

　　Sino-US relations

　　Sino-US cooperation has great potential and is willing to seek long-term benefits with the United States.

　　Bloomberg: Fifty years ago, US President Nixon’s visit to China ushered in the era of American contacts with China. Last year, the Biden administration announced that this era had ended, and the United States and China are now entering a period of fierce competition. Do you agree with this evaluation? Will it become more and more common to ban the sale of American semiconductors in China and the listing of China enterprises in the United States?

　　Li Keqiang: Fifty years ago, China and the United States broke the ice and set sail for the normalization of relations. Half a century has passed, and although the relations between the two countries have been bumpy from time to time, they have been developing forward. We still hope that the two sides will respect each other, coexist peacefully and win-win cooperation in accordance with the consensus reached by the two heads of state at the end of last year, properly control differences in a rational and constructive way, and respect each other’s core interests and major concerns. Still need more dialogue and communication. Since the two sides have opened the door to each other, they should not close it again, let alone "decouple".

　　China and the United States are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and the largest developing and developed countries in the world. Dealing with each other’s relations is related to the well-being of the two peoples. At present, many global challenges require cooperation and joint response between China and the United States. It should be said that Sino-US cooperation is beneficial to both countries and the world.

　　Of course, there are great differences in social systems, history, culture and development stages between China and the United States, and differences are inevitable. But we believe that cooperation should be the mainstream, because world peace and development depend on cooperation. Even if we have market competition in the economic and trade field, it should be benign and fair competition. Last year, the trade volume between the two countries exceeded $750 billion, an increase of nearly 30% over the previous year. What does this mean? The scope of Sino-US cooperation is vast and has great potential. If the United States relaxes its export restrictions to China, the bilateral trade volume will be even larger, and both countries and their peoples will benefit from it. China is willing to work with the United States to choose a wide range and seek long-term benefits.

　　Support difficult industries

　　Support industries with special difficulties to survive and make people’s lives warm.

　　China News Service reporter: In the past two years, affected by the epidemic, we found that some snack bars and small restaurants that we used to go to have not opened since they closed, including catering, and tourism, retail, passenger transport and other industries have also been greatly affected. The government work report proposes to stabilize market players and ensure employment. May I ask the Prime Minister, what measures will we take this year to help industries with special difficulties?

　　Li Keqiang: After the outbreak, the service industry, especially the contact service industry, was the hardest hit, among which small and medium-sized enterprises were the largest. They have a thin foundation, and they can be said to be careful in calculating and managing day by day, and many difficulties have accumulated to make it difficult for them to support. Helping them is actually supporting employment, because only 100 million individual industrial and commercial households have driven the employment of nearly 300 million people. If the seedlings are dry and the roots are thoroughly rooted, it will be too late to help them. Therefore, we must see that "the weight is too small to weigh a thousand pounds" and we must give them timely support.

　　For these industries with special difficulties, we have introduced more than 40 support policies. Just the tax rebate, roughly speaking, such industries as catering, tourism, passenger transport and culture can enjoy 180 billion yuan. They not only need financial support, but also give "seamless loan renewal" to those with good market prospects. Moreover, support should also be given to those places where they need to reduce rent and electricity charges in stages, which is actually the owner’s pull on customers.

　　At present, consumer demand is indeed relatively weak, mainly due to weak offline consumer demand. As you can imagine, there are many shops in the long lane of the city, and it is steaming, that is, the bustling fireworks. If it is closed, it will not be a good thing, and the lives of ordinary people will be affected. Therefore, we support these industries with special difficulties, not only to make them survive, but also to make people’s lives warm and our economy show more vitality.

　　relations across the Taiwan Straits

　　Compatriots on both sides of the strait are, in the final analysis, a family’s brotherhood, which can be cut off at any time.

　　Taiwan Province Dongsen New Media Reporter: With the epidemic continuing to spread and the uncertainty and instability of cross-strait relations increasing, how will the mainland respond to the situation in the Taiwan Strait and maintain and enhance the well-being of people on both sides of the strait?

　　Li Keqiang: Our major policy toward Taiwan is clear, as I have stated in the government work report, that is, we will adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus", resolutely oppose the "Taiwan independence" separatist acts, and promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the reunification of the motherland.

　　Compatriots on both sides of the strait are, after all, a family, and brotherhood can never be cut off. We are willing to continue to share development opportunities with the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots, provide equal treatment to Taiwan Province compatriots who come to the mainland for development, and do practical things and solve difficult problems for them. As long as compatriots on both sides of the strait work together and unite, they will certainly be able to promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and share the well-being of the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation.

　　fulfil one’s duty scrupulously

　　In the last year of this government, we will practice our promises with hard work.

　　Singapore Lianhe Zaobao: This year is the closing year of the current China administration. Looking back over the past four years, what achievements do you think this government has made? What is the biggest challenge? In the last year of this government, China’s economy is facing unprecedented pressure. What policies will you focus on to better stabilize social confidence and respond to people’s concerns?

　　Li Keqiang: Since the current government, the international situation has been complicated and changeable, with domestic contradictions and difficulties superimposed. Speaking of the biggest challenge, it is the COVID-19 epidemic and its severe impact on the economy. We are determined not to seek easy things, not to take refuge in things, and not to avoid risks, and we have done our best.

　　I remember the first press conference I held here when I became Prime Minister, that is, in this hall, I made it clear that it is the basic task of our government to continuously develop the economy, continuously improve people’s livelihood and promote social justice. To be broad-based, people-oriented and benefit the world is to take the expectations of the people as the direction of administration. In recent years, we have been persistent and consistent, innovating the way of governance, coping with cyclical economic fluctuations by keeping the economy running in a reasonable range, especially the implementation of macro policies facing the needs of market players; Firmly promote reform, simplify and eliminate complexity, safeguard justice, cultivate and expand market players and new kinetic energy, and stimulate market vitality and social creativity; Adhere to the priority of employment, grasp the actual situation of the country, pay attention to ensuring basic people’s livelihood, and so on. We are clear that there are some areas where the government work is recognized by the people, and there are also some gaps and shortcomings with their expectations.

　　As for you, this year is the last year of this government and my last year as Prime Minister. The situation we are facing is still complicated and grim, and there are still many difficulties and challenges. I have explained and expounded the difficulties and challenges in the government work report and the questions I just answered. My colleagues and I will do our duty with perseverance and practice our promises with hard work.

　　I believe that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, with the strong support from all walks of life, especially the joint efforts of the people, China’s economy will certainly be able to climb over the hill, achieve the main objectives and tasks of economic and social development this year, and lay a solid foundation for future development.

　　opening up to the outside world

　　No matter how the international situation changes, we will unswervingly expand opening up.

　　Kyodo News: The China government indicated that it is moving towards the goal of common prosperity, and proposed to set up "traffic lights" to prevent the disorderly expansion of capital, especially to strengthen the supervision of Internet enterprises. However, foreign capital is worried that the China government will further strengthen the restrictions on corporate behavior because of the goal of common prosperity. What is China’s view? Is there any way to reduce investors’ worries?

　　Li Keqiang: When we talk about common prosperity, we should work together. China’s policy of opening to the outside world has not changed and will not change. Moreover, our foreign investment law clearly stipulates that change will only develop in a direction conducive to opening wider to the outside world and investment and trade.

　　Foreign businessmen come to China to develop themselves, but also bring us investment and sales channels and the goods we need, which is beneficial to everyone. Why should we restrict them? Just now I talked about the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, which emphasizes the need to simplify administration and decentralize power, combine liberalization with management, optimize services, oppose monopoly and unfair competition, and prevent the disorderly expansion of capital. The purpose is to give support to enterprises operating according to law and ensure that all types of ownership enterprises and domestic and foreign-funded enterprises develop equally and compete fairly. Of course, I also hope that enterprises will be standardized and healthy in their development.

　　China is so big that you can find every case you want. But on the whole, China’s economy has been deeply integrated into the world. China’s total import and export of goods has accounted for more than one-third of GDP, and now the comprehensive impact of imports on industry exceeds 70%. We have been the second largest import market in the world for 10 consecutive years, and have become the largest country in global goods trade for 5 consecutive years. Of course, on the whole, we are still in the process of moving from the low-end to the high-end, but it also shows that the industry and consumption are upgrading, the market potential is great, and there is a lot of room for all kinds of investment.

　　Relevant countries and we jointly signed the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement, namely RCEP, which was officially implemented this year. This can be said to be the largest free trade zone in the world. We will take this opportunity to continue to promote free trade, treat state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign enterprises equally, and continue to make China a hot spot for global foreign investment.

　　I tell you clearly that no matter how the international situation changes, China will unswervingly open wider to the outside world. The Yangtze River and the Yellow River will not flow backwards. Over the past 40 years, China has always been advancing through reform and developing through opening up. As long as it is conducive to expanding high-level opening up, we are willing to do it actively, and we must firmly safeguard the multilateral trading system, which is also the need of our own development.

　　China has been opening to the outside world for more than 40 years, which has developed itself, benefited the people and benefited the world. This is a door of opportunity, and we will never, never close it.

　　(According to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 11 th)

　　BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) According to the real-time statistics of Johns Hopkins University in the United States, as of 6: 30 a.m. on March 26, Beijing time, there were more than 460,000 confirmed cases and 21,000 cumulative deaths in COVID-19.

　　Among them, the epidemic situation in the United States, Italy, Spain and other countries is still grim; Spain’s Deputy Prime Minister, Britain’s Prince Charles and other national politicians have successively "recruited"; Britain, France, etc. responded to the epidemic through various laws and proposals; New Zealand, Philippines, Democratic Republic of Congo and many other countries declared a state of emergency.

Data map: UN Secretary-General Guterres. China News Service reporter Liao Panshe

　　United Nations: All mankind must fight back together.

　　On March 25th, local time, the United Nations launched the "Global Humanitarian Response Plan for COVID-19 Epidemic", which aims to help the most vulnerable countries in the world to fight the epidemic, protect the lives of millions of people and prevent the virus from spreading in other countries.

　　UN Secretary-General Guterres said that Covid-19 is threatening all mankind, so all mankind must fight back together. It is not enough for a single country to take countermeasures.

　　Guterres and the heads of various agencies called on member countries to commit themselves to preventing the spread of Covid-19 in fragile countries and give maximum support to the response plan, so as to control the spread of the epidemic worldwide.

　　In addition, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization, praised the Japanese decision to postpone the Tokyo Olympic Games as "difficult and wise" in his speech on 25th. At the same time, he called on countries that have taken "city closure" measures to make good use of this opportunity and take action to deal with the epidemic.

On March 24th, local time, people walked past the Javits Center in new york, USA. China News Service reporter Liao Panshe

　　The epidemic situation in New York State is serious, and the deployment of US troops abroad has been suspended for 60 days.

　　According to Johns Hopkins University data, as of 6: 30 a.m. on March 26th, Beijing time, there were 65,285 confirmed cases and 926 deaths in the United States. Among them, the epidemic situation in New York State is the most serious, with more than 30,000 confirmed cases.

　　Cuomo, the governor of New York State, said that the number of COVID-19 tests in New York State has accounted for 25% in the United States, but the peak of confirmed cases has not yet arrived.

　　In addition, Louisiana has become another state in the United States that has been listed as a "major disaster area" due to the epidemic. Affected by the epidemic, New York, Washington, California and Iowa have been listed as "major disaster areas".

　　On the 25th, the US Secretary of Defense issued a stop order to the US military, demanding that all US troops stationed overseas stop all travel and action plans. The order will be executed for up to 60 days to prevent the epidemic from spreading among US troops.

　　This measure is the most extensive preventive order of the US military so far, but the downsizing of the US military in Afghanistan will not be disturbed and will continue to maintain the withdrawal of personnel.

　　Italy: collective infection occurred in four nursing homes

　　According to the data of the Italian Ministry of Health on the 25th, the number of confirmed cases in Italy increased to 74,836, with 7,503 deaths.

　　In the past few days, collective infections have occurred in four nursing homes in Rome and surrounding areas. Up to now, more than 160 people have been infected and 3 people have died, and the number of infected people is still increasing. All four old-age care institutions were also isolated.

　　Earlier, the Italian cabinet passed a new epidemic prevention and control law to increase punishment for violations of prevention and control measures. According to the new law, Italy’s national emergency lasts until July 31st, during which the epidemic prevention and control law can be further adjusted.

　　In an interview with the media, the Assistant Director-General of WHO, Ranieri Gueira, said that Italy may see the peak of the epidemic this week.

　　Spain: Deputy Prime Minister tested positive.

　　By the 25th, there were 7,937 new confirmed cases in Spain, with a total of 47,610 cases and 3,434 deaths. Spain has become the fourth country in the world where the number of confirmed cases has exceeded 40,000, and the epidemic situation in Europe is second only to Italy.

　　The Spanish Prime Minister’s Office said on the 25th that the Covid-19 test conducted by Spanish Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo on the 24th was positive. At present, Calvo is receiving isolation treatment in a clinic in Madrid, and his recovery is good.

　　In addition, several officials of the Spanish government have been infected. The wife, mother and father-in-law of Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez were also diagnosed.

　　British Parliament Passes Epidemic Emergency Bill

　　On the 25th local time, the British Ministry of Health and Social Security released the latest data. There were 1,452 new confirmed cases and 43 new deaths in the country, with a total of 9,529 confirmed cases. The cumulative total number of deaths is 465.

　　The emergency bill to deal with the COVID-19 epidemic was passed in the upper house of the British Parliament on the same day, and it only needs to be passed by the royal family to become law. The bill aims to give the government more power to deal with the spread of the epidemic.

　　In addition, Buckingham Palace said on the 25th that Prince Charles Covid-19’s test results were positive, but his symptoms were mild, and he was in good health and was in isolation at home. Queen Elizabeth II is currently in good health.

　　Germany: Merkel’s second test was negative

　　As of 0: 00 local time on the 25th, there were 4,118 newly confirmed cases in Germany, with a total of 31,554 cases and 149 deaths.

Data map: German Chancellor Angela Merkel. China News Service reporter Peng Dawei photo

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s second Covid-19 test was negative, and a third test will be conducted early next week, a German government spokesman announced on the 25th. Previously, she had contact with a confirmed patient and began to be isolated at home on the 22nd.

　　France passed 25 emergency decrees, and Switzerland was diagnosed with more than 10,000 cases.

　　On 25th, French President Macron visited the hardest-hit areas in France and announced the launch of anti-epidemic military operations. The French epidemic continued to deteriorate that day, with the cumulative number of confirmed cases rising to 25,233 and the number of deaths rising to 1,331.

Under strict control measures, there are almost no pedestrians and vehicles on Rivoli Avenue in the center of Paris. China News Service reporter Yang Li photo

　　French Prime Minister Philippe announced on the same day that the meeting passed 25 administrative decrees to deal with the impact of the epidemic on all aspects of economy and society.

　　On the other hand, according to the data of Hopkins University, as of 6: 02 Beijing time on the 26th, Switzerland has diagnosed 10,897 cases, making it the fifth country in Europe with more than 10,000 confirmed cases.

　　Russia: The whole people will have a paid holiday for one week from next week.

　　On the 25th local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced in his speech on the epidemic that Russia will have a paid holiday for one week next week, and the long holiday will last from March 28th to April 5th.

　　He said: "Of course, all living security institutions, including medical institutions, pharmacies, shops, banks, financial settlement institutions, transportation and power organs at all levels will continue to operate."

　　Affected by the epidemic, the referendum on Russian constitutional amendments will also be postponed.

　　Russian Deputy Prime Minister Gorikova said on the 25th that the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Russia has increased to 658, and 29 cases have been cured.

　　Many countries declared a state of emergency.

　　New Zealand announced on the 25th local time that the country entered a state of emergency that day. The state of emergency applies to the whole of New Zealand, including chatham islands, Stewart Island and other inhabited islands.

　　On the same day, the mayor of Ottawa, Canada, Jim Watson announced that Ottawa had entered a state of emergency. Prior to this, Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary and other big cities have successively declared a state of emergency.

　　In response to the epidemic, the Philippines, Ukraine, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ganel, C? te d ‘Ivoire, Sierra Leone and other countries have declared a state of emergency.

　　Nepal’s Ministry of Interior: A strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

　　Nepal’s Interior Ministry said on the 27th that a strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

　　The number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake rose to 3815.

　　According to the British "Guardian" report, Nepal’s internal affairs officials said on the 27th that at least 3,815 people had been killed in a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 on the 25th. WHO estimates that this strong earthquake affected more than 5 million people.

　　Strong earthquake in Nepal: the international community continues to increase rescue efforts

　　International rescue forces continue to reinforce the disaster area. United Nations spokesman Orla Fagan said that dozens of international rescue teams have rushed to Nepal, and they will fly to the disaster area as soon as possible. At present, there is an urgent shortage of drinking water and food in the disaster area, power supply is interrupted in many places, mobile phone networks are intermittent, hospitals are overcrowded, and roads leading to the epicenter are blocked.

　　253 Chinese employees of Nepal Hydropower Project of Three Gorges Group were trapped in the construction site.

　　The Na Suaka Li Hydropower Station, which was built in Nepal by China Hydropower Foreign Corporation under the Three Gorges Group, suffered serious losses in the earthquake. At present, 253 Chinese employees are still trapped in the construction site. According to the latest statistics of Three Gorges Group, two Chinese employees were killed, one was seriously injured and several were slightly injured in the earthquake. The communication road between the project and the outside world is completely interrupted, and the material reserve is expected to be only enough for 2 days at most.

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Four China citizens were killed in Nepal.

　　China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said on the 27th that four China citizens were killed in Nepal, including one tourist, one mountaineer on the south side of Mount Everest and two employees of a Chinese-funded company building a project in Nepal. It is understood that before the earthquake, there were about 3,000 to 4,000 China tourists in Nepal. China is sending more flights to try to take back the Nepalese citizens stranded in China as soon as possible.

　　Climbers on the north slope of Mount Qomolangma were evacuated from the safety zone and climbing activities were suspended for ten days.

　　On the 27th, Nima Tsering, deputy director of Xizang Autonomous Region Sports Bureau, told China News Service that at present, Chinese climbers on the north slope of Mount Everest have been evacuated to Shigatse, Tibet, and foreign climbers have also been evacuated to the base camp to rest. At present, all climbers on the north slope have retreated to safety. At the same time, the mountaineering activities on Mount Everest were suspended for ten days for observation.

　　One death, eight injuries and one loss of contact caused by the Everest avalanche in China.

　　On 27th, after contacting Tibet Mountaineering Association, Nepal Mountaineering Association, Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, chinese mountaineering association learned that the earthquake in Nepal caused an avalanche on Mount Everest, and one climber in China was killed and eight people were injured, two of them were seriously injured, and one of his friends who participated in the international mountaineering team lost contact.

　　Officials say the number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake has exceeded 3,000 and more than 6,500 people have been injured.

　　The head of the disaster management department of Nepal’s Ministry of Interior said that the 8.1-magnitude earthquake in Nepal has killed 3,218 people and injured more than 6,500 people. At the same time, strong local aftershocks continue to occur, causing inconvenience to disaster relief work and the lives of victims. According to the statistics of the earthquake monitoring department, aftershocks exceeding 4.5 have occurred at least 30 times.

　　Tourism Bureau: There are more than 4,000 tourists in China, and 3,000 are individual tourists.

　　According to the website of the National Tourism Administration, according to the investigation of the travel agency team management system of the National Tourism Administration and the data reported by the provincial tourism commissions, at 12:00 on April 26th, there were about 39 China tourism teams in Nepal, with 1,047 tourists (teams and free travellers). It is estimated that there are about 3,000 individual travelers in Nepal.

　　Nearly 300 thousand people in Tibet were affected by the strong earthquake in Nepal, and the magnitude 7.1 aftershock expanded the disaster.

　　On the 27th, the reporter learned from the Tibetan authorities that the 7.1-magnitude aftershock in Nepal at 15: 09 on the 26th aggravated landslides in some areas of Shigatse, Tibet, and blocked roads in many places. In addition, the climate in the disaster-stricken areas in Tibet has been abnormal recently, with continuous rain and snow, which has greatly affected the earthquake relief work and further expanded the disaster situation.

　　The earthquake killed 20 people in Tibet, and the rescue and disaster relief are facing difficulties.

　　On the 26th, the reporter learned from the official that as of press time, the number of people killed in the earthquake in Nepal in Tibet has increased to 20, and another 4 people are missing, 55 people are injured, 1,191 houses and 1 temple have collapsed, 5,828 houses and 54 temples have been damaged to varying degrees, 58 communication base stations have been damaged, and more than 200,000 people have been affected to varying degrees.

　　The aftershocks are frequent, and the "island" of Zhangmu in Tibet is difficult to pass.

　　At 14: 11 on the 25th, an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 in Boccara, Nepal, spread to Zhangmu Port on the Sino-Nepal border. More than 40 hours have passed, and rescuers are still unable to enter Zhangmu Town. At present, the rescue force is only the last 30 kilometers away from Zhangmu Town. However, the aftershock caused the No.2 bridge in the direction of Nyalam to collapse, and Kangqiao Mingdong was buried by landslide. Not only was the vehicle impassable, but 57 commandos who were hiking to Zhangmu were also forced to withdraw.

　　The earthquake in Nepal has killed more than 2,000 people and strong aftershocks continue to occur.

　　According to official statistics of Nepal, the earthquake has caused at least 2,430 deaths and about 6,000 injuries in the country. The earthquake has killed at least 62 people and injured more than 250 people in India. At least 20 people were killed, 4 people were missing, 58 people were injured and more than 200,000 people were affected to varying degrees in Tibet, China. The earthquake also killed four people and injured more than 200 people in Bangladesh.

　　The number of casualties is rising, and international rescue is racing against time.

　　After the disaster, Nepal declared a state of emergency and appealed for international assistance. On the 26th, a large number of relief supplies, doctors and relief workers from neighboring countries have arrived in Nepal. With the help of the international team, rescuers worked hard to clear the ruins. Due to the limited site conditions, rescuers, including the police and the army, had to dig with their bare hands in an attempt to rescue the survivors under the rubble of the collapsed building.

　　About 350 citizens of China are still stranded at Nepalese airport.

　　Up to now, there are about 350 China tourists stranded in tribhuvan international airport. China Embassy vacated the consular compound, arranged special personnel to receive China citizens who came for help, and more than 150 people were temporarily arranged to spend the night safely in the museum. In addition to Nepalese citizens who are traveling in China, there are more than 2,100 Chinese-funded institutions in China.

　　Click to view the summary of important information:

　　Summary of Important Information of Strong Earthquake in Nepal on 25th

　　Summary of Important Information on 26th Strong Earthquake in Nepal

CCTV News:Buses in Changxing, Zhejiang Province took the elderly out of the countryside, while in Chenzhou, Hunan Province, a passenger bus that entered the village was "transformed" into a courier van because of a large number of online shopping by villagers.

In Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, at 4 pm every day, urban and rural bus drivers have to drive their vehicles from the city to Feitian Village, Suxian District, 28 kilometers away. Different from other trains of the day, there are many online shopping couriers in this car.

Lin Bo, bus driver of Yi Lin Bus Co., Ltd., Chenzhou, Hunan Province:The company uses the 4 o’clock in the afternoon to deliver express delivery. For each express delivery, we have a subsidy of 10 cents and a monthly income of several hundred dollars.

After the "passenger and freight mail" bus entered the village, it ignited the "online shopping craze" of the villagers. From sofas and home appliances to nail clippers, this express delivery point in Feitian Mountain Village has more than 20 express deliveries from local people online every day.

Cao Xijuan, a villager from Feitian Village, Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province:I have never used an air fryer before, but now I want to buy it and try it. Nowadays, online shopping is very convenient, and it will take two or three days to arrive. The TV, washing machine and refrigerator at home are all online shopping.

The number of village-level delivery service points like this has expanded to 825 in Chenzhou in the past three years, covering 1342 villages with a coverage rate of 96.96%. In the whole year of 2022, the rural express delivery business in Chenzhou completed 16,959,200 pieces.

Team Xiang Ye of Medical College made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

Li Pilong’s research group of School of Life and Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College cooperated to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

The Engineering Laboratory of Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and put forward a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, issued a report on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices by dielectric integrated optical doping.

Fang Xianyang’s research group of School of Life has made new progress in the solution structure study of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of the School of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

Zhong Yi’s research group of School of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

Xiao Bailong from the School of Pharmacy and Li Xueming from the School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

Team Xiang Ye of Tsinghua Medical College has made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

On September 17th, a team led by Xiang Ye, an associate professor hired by Tsinghua University Medical Dean and a researcher at Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, published an academic paper entitled "Structure of the African Swine fever virus major capsid protein p72" online in Cell Research. In this study, the high-resolution structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 was analyzed for the first time by the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of single particle by cryoelectron microscope, and the possible assembly mechanism of African classical swine fever virus capsid was revealed, which laid a solid foundation for the development of African classical swine fever virus subunit vaccine.

African swine fever virus originated in Africa, and the mortality rate of domestic pig infection is nearly 100%, which is a great threat to domestic pig breeding industry and even people’s livelihood and economy. African swine fever virus has spread rapidly from Africa to Europe, South America and some parts of Asia in the past few decades. In August 2018, African swine fever virus infection was found in northeast China, and soon the virus spread to most parts of the country, causing economic losses of more than 100 billion yuan. At present, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines and epidemic prevention measures to control and prevent African swine fever virus. In response to the urgent needs of the country, Tsinghua University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure took the lead, and more than a dozen research groups from Peking University, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Pasteur Institute and other units began to tackle key problems of African swine fever virus in April this year.

▲ Structure of African classical swine fever virus: a. Simulate the capsid structure of African classical swine fever virus produced by virus assembly according to the capsid protein p72 structure of African classical swine fever virus; B freeze electron microscopic structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 trimer.

African swine fever virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with complex structure. Its genome is protected by two capsids and two outer membranes. The capsids are mainly composed of virus coding protein p72. According to previous experimental data, p72 accounts for about 33% of the total weight of virus particles, and p72 is the main antigen that can be detected in the blood of infected pigs. At the initial stage of studying p72 protein, Xiang Ye’s research group found that p72 protein with correct folding conformation could not be obtained by recombinant expression of p72 protein alone, and only when p72 was co-expressed with another helper protein B602L encoded by African swine fever, could the p72 protein with correct folding conformation be obtained. On this premise, the research team determined the high-resolution 3-D structure of p72 protein of 2.67 angstrom (above) by using the method of single particle 3-D reconstruction with cryoelectron microscope. The results showed that three p72 molecules formed a stable trimer form. Each p72 contains two pancake-like domains connected in series, and each domain consists of eight β-folded sheets, which is very common in the capsid protein structure of icosahedral virus. The six cake-like structures of trimer p72 together form a pseudo-hexamer whose bottom is anchored on the inner membrane of the virus. The inserted fragments between trimer p72 folded sheets together form a propeller-like top structure that extends out of the virus, which is most likely the receptor binding area on the cell surface.

There have been many attempts to study subunit vaccines based on p72 protein of African classical swine fever virus, but no satisfactory results have been obtained. The failure of previous studies is probably due to the failure to use the correctly folded p72 protein. Obtaining the correctly folded p72 protein and determining its high-resolution structure are helpful to develop drugs targeting virus capsid assembly and subunit vaccines. At present, the research and development and evaluation of p72 subunit vaccine are being closely carried out by Tsinghua University and Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Associate Professor Xiang Ye is the correspondent of this article. Liu Qi, a 2014 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life Union Center, is the first author of this paper. Ma Bingting, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Xiangye Laboratory, Associate Professor Tan Xu from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and their laboratory members Qian Nianchao and Zhang Fan, and Professor Lei Jianlin, director of the cryo-electron microscope platform of Tsinghua University Life College, participated in this work.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-019-0232-x

Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

On September 16th, Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua University Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Tsinghua University Medical College. An academic article entitled "Histone modifications regulate chromatin compartmentalization by contributing to a phase separation mechanism" was published in Molecular Cell.

Eukaryotic cells use many membrane-bound organelles to distinguish biochemical reactions in order to better regulate space and time. For example, their genomes are enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle, namely the nucleus, in order to better control the genetic information flow. In the nucleus, the genome is further regulated to form many compartments or regions, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Judging from some of their characteristics, these dynamic solid compartments are similar to membraneless organelles. Many protein that play a role in chromatin compartmentalization have the inherent ability of liquid-liquid separation, such as human heterochromatin protein HP1α and Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1a. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that chromatin compartmentalization is formed by liquid-liquid separation. However, the previous studies can’t explain why the other two homologous proteins, HP1β and HP1γ, of human heterochromatin protein HP1α, which can’t be separated by themselves or from DNA, perform similar functions, and whether the formation of constitutive heterochromatin is regulated by the liquid-liquid separation mechanism formed by multivalent interaction between multivalent HP1 protein complex and multivalent histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3).

▲ Liquid-liquid separation mediated by multivalent interaction between H3K9me3 on nucleosome string and CD of HP1 complex promotes the formation of heterochromatin compartments.

In this work, Li Pilong and Li Haitao’s research group cooperated to prove that in vitro, the modification of histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3) and the multivalent interaction of recognizing its modified HP1 chromatin domain Chromodomain(CD) can lead to the formation of heterochromatin. The authors used two polyvalent HP1-CD complexes, the key chromatin fragment (NE) extracted from human nucleus and the nucleosome string (NA) modified by H3K9me3 in vitro as experimental systems. Several evidences show that the formation of these droplets is mediated by liquid-liquid separation. The resulting droplets are reminiscent of the dynamic behavior of heterochromatin and its response to biochemical regulation and mutant phenotype. The author concludes that the liquid-liquid separation driven by multivalent H3K9me3/CD interaction is the key force for the formation of heterochromatin in cells. To sum up, this study proposed a general mechanism of histone labeling regulating chromosome compartmentalization by promoting liquid-liquid separation.

Li Pilong and Li Haitao are co-authors of this article. Wang Liang, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life College, Gao Yifei, a 2016 Ph.D. student from Medical College, and Zheng Xiangdong, a postdoctoral fellow from Medical College, are the co-first authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(19)30658-6

Cheng Gong Laboratory of Tsinghua Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and proposed a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

On September 16th, Professor Cheng Gong from Tsinghua University Medical College published an academic paper entitled "Host serum iron modulations of dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes" (doi: 10.1038/S41564-019-0555-) in Nature Microbiology. This study found for the first time that the iron content in human serum is the key factor to regulate the transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes, and put forward an anti-dengue transmission blocking strategy based on iron supplementation.

Dengue fever is one of the most widespread viral infectious diseases in the world. Dengue virus is carried by mosquitoes and spread to people. At present, dengue fever has been prevalent in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, about 2.5 billion people in the world live in areas threatened by dengue infection, 390 million people are infected or repeatedly infected with dengue virus every year, and 500-1 million people are hospitalized. Dengue fever has become the largest insect-borne viral infectious disease in the world. In recent 20 years, the epidemic trend of dengue fever in the world has intensified, which has become a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary vectors of dengue virus transmission in nature. This kind of mosquitoes are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, but the epidemic trend of dengue fever is not completely consistent with the distribution of mosquitoes, and there are obvious population and regional differences in dengue fever. Identifying the key factors affecting the spread of dengue virus is a key scientific problem to be answered in this field.

Mosquitoes can acquire viruses from infected hosts by sucking blood. Within a few days after mosquitoes suck blood, the infected person’s blood is quickly digested. At the same time, the virus in the blood infects the intestinal epithelial cells of mosquitoes and spreads into the body cavity of mosquitoes, so that mosquitoes have the ability to spread viruses. The above two processes are highly coincident in time, so researchers speculate that host blood factors or blood metabolites can regulate the process of virus infection in mosquitoes, and ultimately determine the vector efficiency of mosquitoes carrying and spreading viruses. Through a series of screening, it was found for the first time that the iron ion content in the host serum was highly negatively correlated with the ability of mosquitoes to acquire virus by blood-sucking, and it was proved that the iron ion concentration in the serum was the key negative regulatory factor to inhibit mosquitoes from acquiring virus infection. The results of further research show that iron ions in serum can be directly utilized by the iron metabolism system of intestinal cells after entering the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, which inhibits the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in cells, leading to a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, and finally inhibits the infection and amplification of viruses in mosquitoes (Figure 1).

▲ Figure 1. Host serum iron ions can increase the level of reactive oxygen species in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes and inhibit the infection of dengue virus in mosquitoes by inhibiting the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in intestinal cells.

Iron deficiency is a nutritional problem widely existing in nature. According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is widely distributed in Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and other regions. By comparison, it can be found that the distribution area of iron deficiency is highly coincident with the epidemic area of dengue fever, so the researchers speculate that the iron deficiency state of the population is closely related to the epidemic of dengue virus. In the subsequent study, it was found that the low iron state of the host can promote mosquitoes to infect the virus during blood feeding, and iron supplementation to the low iron host can block the spread of the virus. It shows that universal iron supplementation is an effective means to cut off the spread of dengue virus in nature, which will provide a new prevention and control idea and strategy for dengue virus prevention and control.

▲ Figure 2. Iron supplementation to the host can block mosquitoes from carrying and spreading dengue virus.

Professor Cheng Gong of Tsinghua University Medical College is the correspondent of this paper, and Zhu Yibin, a postdoctoral fellow of Tsinghua University Medical College, is the first author. Professor Wang Penghua from the Medical College of the University of Connecticut, Professor Liu Qiyong from the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Professor Bian Zhongqi from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the 920th Hospital of China People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Professor Itsanun Wiwatanaratanabutr from Thailand Xianhuang Institute of Technology, and Wu Tianshi, deputy chief physician of Tsinghua University School Hospital, are the collaborators of this paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0555-x

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, Tsinghua, published a report in Nature Communication on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices through dielectric integrated optical doping.

On September 11th, the research group of Associate Professor Li Yue of Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering published a research paper entitled "Substance-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices" in Nature Communications. It is the first time to propose an optical doping method that can be integrated with dielectric to realize functional devices with near-zero exponential electromagnetic characteristics, which provides a new design method for new chip integrated circuits and has potential application value in biosensor, integrated circuits, functional materials and other fields.

▲ Conceptual diagram of dielectric integrated optical doping: (a) linear structure, (b) bending structure.

Near-zero-index device is a kind of functional device based on near-zero index medium. Compared with traditional electromagnetic devices, it has the characteristics of deformation, local adjustment and field enhancement. Electromagnetic wave in near-zero exponential medium presents a special wave effect of spatial static distribution, including near-zero refractive index and group velocity, as well as infinite wavelength and phase velocity. In 2017, Professor Nader Engheta and Associate Professor Li Yue of the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania jointly published an article in the journal Science, proposing the concept of optical doping based on near-zero exponential media for the first time, transplanting doping technology from micro-scale to macro-scale, and regulating the magnetic permeability of equivalent media through doping in non-ordered media, thus realizing multi-modal control such as paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ideal magnet. It is a kind of aperiodic structure.

▲ Experimental observation of optical doping characteristics of dielectric integration: (a) test platform, (b) near-zero reflection, zero phase and high group delay.

Based on the engineering application of the new theory, this paper puts forward an optical doping method based on dielectric integration. Combining with typical integrated circuit technology, the regulation of optical doping on the magnetic characteristics of equivalent media is expressed as the regulation of the electromagnetic response of chip integrated devices, and a variety of near-zero exponential functional devices are realized. For example, a high-sensitivity biosensor with the help of local field enhancement effect in doped media, an efficient photoacoustic modulator with weak mechanical vibration, and an "electric fiber" (analogous to optical fiber) that can be bent and deformed at will and its working frequency remains unchanged. In addition, Li Yue team verified the electromagnetic characteristics of the concept of dielectric integrated optical doping through experiments, and observed zero phase shift, high time delay, position independence of doped media and device shape independence, which were consistent with the analytical theoretical prediction and full-wave simulation results.

The theoretical and experimental work of this thesis was completed in Tsinghua University, and the Department of Electronic Engineering of Tsinghua University was the first unit of this thesis. Li Yue and Nader Enkhtar are the corresponding authors of this article, and Zhou Ziheng, a doctoral student in the Department of Electronic Engineering, is the first author. Other authors include Li Hao and Sun Wangyu, Ph.D. students from Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering, and Dr. Inigo Liberal from Navarre Public University.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12083-y

Fang Xianyang’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life has made new progress in the study of solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

On September 10th, Fang Xianyang’s research group of the School of Life cooperated with Qin Chengfeng’s research group of the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medicine. A research paper entitled "Long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has extended 3D structures and is flexible in solution" was published in EMBO Reports. In this paper, the solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from flavivirus type 2 dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus was reported in detail for the first time.

▲ Flow chart of studying the structure of flavivirus sfRNA solution by SAXS and computational simulation.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which plays a variety of important functions in organisms and is a hot spot in life science research. Like its host, almost all viruses can encode long-chain noncoding RNA. Many mosquito-borne flavivirus, such as dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus, are pathogens that pose a great threat to human health. A large number of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA(sfRNA) will accumulate in the infected host cells, which play an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus and the immune escape from the host.

It is of great significance to study the structure-function of long-chain noncoding RNA, but at present, there is no effective means to study its three-dimensional spatial structure, so the three-dimensional spatial structure information of long-chain noncoding RNA is still very little. The length of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from mosquito-borne flavivirus is between 400 and 500 nucleotides, so it is very difficult to study its structure by using traditional structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance or cryoelectron microscopy. Fang Xianyang’s research team and their collaborators, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering technology and computational simulation, studied the solution structure and flexibility of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from dengue virus type 2, Zika virus and West Nile virus by step-by-step solution. It is found that the long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has multiple subdomains, which have an extended three-dimensional spatial structure in solution, modular structural characteristics similar to multi-domain proteins and great flexibility.

It is particularly interesting that the three-dimensional spatial shapes and structures of the dumbbell-shaped domains in series of sfRNA of Dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus based on small-angle X-ray scattering data are significantly different, which is presumed to be caused by the topological differences of their pseudo-knots in series. This inference is confirmed by further computational simulation, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo cell experiments. This study is an active exploration of the three-dimensional structure of long-chain noncoding RNA. The research results of this paper not only provide important structural information for understanding the physiological function of sfRNA, but also show that the integrated structural biology method based on small-angle X-ray scattering and computational simulation is a feasible method for studying the three-dimensional structure of other long-chain noncoding RNA solutions.

Fang Xianyang, researcher of Tsinghua University Life College, and Qin Chengfeng, researcher of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, Institute of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, are co-authors of this article. Zhang Yupeng, a 2013 direct doctoral student of Tsinghua University Life College, Zhang Yikan, a 2016 general doctoral student, Dr. Liu Zhongyu, an associate professor of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, and Cheng Mengli, a master student of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201847016

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of Tsinghua University of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

On September 9th, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China" online in the international academic journal Nature Communications, and evaluated the effect of the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading in China on promoting enterprise innovation and its mechanism.

Carbon emission trading is a widely concerned market-based carbon emission reduction policy, which has been adopted by many countries and regions in the world and can play an important role in mitigating climate change. At present, the empirical knowledge about the effect of carbon emissions trading policy mainly comes from the study of EU carbon market. However, people still have little understanding of the scope of this market-oriented policy, the influence of interaction with other policies and the changes in the mechanism brought about by policy design, which limits the further promotion and greater role of the policy.

In order to solve this problem, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University pay close attention to the pilot policy of carbon emission trading in China since 2013, and use enterprise-level data and patent application information to empirically test the influence and potential mechanism of the policy on low-carbon innovation of enterprises by using the methods of matching and double difference. Low-carbon innovation is helpful to get rid of the path dependence on carbon-intensive economy and energy infrastructure, and alleviate the negative impact caused by the uncertain trend of carbon emission reduction, which is very important to achieve stable emission reduction.

▲ Patent application trends of carbon trading enterprises and non-carbon trading enterprises.

It is found that, on the basis of the impact of policies such as energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon pilot projects, carbon emission trading has promoted trading enterprises to increase 1.75 low-carbon patent applications within two years, which is close to the policy effect of two low-carbon patent applications in the EU carbon market within five years, and at the same time, it has increased the applications of other types of patents, especially other green technology patents. The influence scope of the policy goes beyond the carbon emission trading enterprises, and the influence on enterprises that have not been included in carbon trading but may be included in the future is also very significant. It is also found that the innovation behavior of enterprises is not affected by the price of carbon trading, but by the way of quota allocation. This series of research findings provide a reference for the construction of China’s national carbon market.

Associate Professor Zhu Junming from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University is the first author and co-author of the article, while Deng Xinghua, a former postdoctoral fellow in Tsinghua University and now a lecturer at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, is the co-author of the article, and Professor Xue Lan and Fan Yichun, an undergraduate graduate of Tsinghua University and now a master of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are the co-authors of the paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12213-6

Zhong Yi’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

On September 5th, the research group of Zhong Yi, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Genetic Dissection of Active Forgetting in Labile and Consolidated Memories in Drosophila" in PNAS.

In this paper, the downstream molecular mechanisms of active forgetting of unstable short memory and stable long memory in Drosophila were systematically compared and analyzed for the first time. It was found that the active forgetting of unstable short memory was mediated by Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway, while the active forgetting of stable long memory was mediated by Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway. As Dia and Arp2/3 complex are reported to regulate the linear growth and branching growth of neurofilament skeleton respectively, the research results of this paper provide an interesting possibility: the active forgetting of memory components with different stability may be related to the growth mode of different forms of neurofilament structure.

▲ Analysis of forgetting mechanism of stable memory and unstable memory.

As early as 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist, described the forgetting curve of the human brain for newly acquired memories, and began the journey of human beings to explore the mystery of forgetting. In the following 100 years, many scholars tried to find the mechanism of forgetting by using the method of experimental psychology, and also created a variety of theories to explain the phenomenon of forgetting, but ultimately failed to get a unified answer. As a basic feature of human memory, forgetfulness has been widely studied and reported in psychology, but almost no one cares about it in the research of neurobiology, and it has become a "forgotten corner". The main reason may be that the forgetting process is simply regarded as another description of memory failure, and it is a passive process (if you remember poorly, you will forget quickly, and if you remember well, you will forget slowly), thus ignoring the unique molecular mechanism of forgetting itself.

Until 2010, Professor Zhong Yi’s research group discovered the biological mechanism of active forgetting for the first time, that is, the learning process itself will activate the molecular pathway of forgetting signals to actively forget the formed memories. This active forgetting mechanism does not affect the quality of learning itself, but specifically affects the speed of forgetting acquired memories. Moreover, different memory components will have their own active forgetting mechanisms. For example, in the olfactory punishment learning of Drosophila, one training (5 minutes) can produce two completely different memory components at the same time: unstable anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and relatively stable anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) which lasts for more than one day. Zhong Yi’s research group has found that a study session can activate Rac1 molecule in the small G protein family to erase the unstable anesthetic sensitive memory that lasts for several hours, and activate Cdc42 molecule, another member of the small G protein family, to forget the more stable anti-anesthetic memory that lasts for more than one day. However, the specific downstream molecular pathways of the forgetting mechanism mediated by Rac1 and Cdc42 are not clear.

Recently, the research paper published online by Zhong Yi’s research group analyzed the downstream molecular pathways of these two forgetting mechanisms for the first time: Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway mediates the active forgetting of short-term memory components (unstable anesthesia-sensitive memories that last for several hours), while Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway mediates the active forgetting of long-term memory components (relatively stable anti-anesthesia memories that last for more than one day). Both of these active forgetting mechanisms occur in the mushroom body of the learning and memory center of Drosophila (the mushroom body contains about 4000 neurons, and the whole brain of Drosophila has more than 100 thousand neurons). Interestingly, cell biology research found that Dia was directly responsible for the linear growth of microfilament skeleton, while Arp2/3 complex was responsible for the branching growth of microfilament skeleton. This suggests that the active forgetting function of different memory components may be related to different forms of dynamic changes in the microfilament skeleton structure of neurons. On the one hand, these research results bring the academic understanding of the molecular mechanism of forgetting into a more detailed dimension, on the other hand, they provide more effective pharmacological targets for directly regulating the function of forgetting.

Gao Yang, a Ph.D. student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, Shuai Yichun, a researcher in the Janelia Research Campus of the United States, Zhang Xuchen, a graduate doctoral student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, and Peng Yuwei, a doctoral student, are the co-first authors of this paper. Professor Zhong Yi from Tsinghua University and Assistant Researcher Li Gan are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903763116

Xiao Bailong of Tsinghua Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

On August 21, Nature (Nature) The journal published the research paper "Structure and Mechanizing of the Mammalian Tactical Channel Piezo2" written by Xiao Bailong’s research group of Tsinghua University Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of College of Life Sciences. The three-dimensional structure and exquisite working mechanism of high-resolution cryoelectron microscope, a mechanical force molecular receptor-PIEZO 2 ion channel, which gives human tactile perception ability, are reported for the first time. This research is another important research achievement in this field after the two research groups reported in Nature on January 22nd, 2018 the high-resolution three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanism of another member of the mechanically gated PIZO channel family-PIZO 1 ion channel, which not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structural basis and molecular mechanism of PIZO channel family, but also laid a solid foundation for drug development based on PIZO channel. At the same time, Nature published a commentator’s article and spoke highly of the research.

Touch, as one of the five senses, not only gives us the ability to perceive pleasant touches such as shaking hands, stroking and kissing to maintain normal social behavior, but also bears the biological basis for human beings to skillfully use various tools such as touch screen, mobile phone or mouse. However, under pathological conditions such as tissue injury or inflammation, abnormal tactile perception function can lead to severe mechanical hypersensitivity (also known as touch pain). For example, patients with cancer or arthritis often suffer from severe pain caused by slight touch such as dressing or walking, which seriously affects individual health and quality of life. In addition, autistic people usually show more sensitive tactile perception than ordinary people. Recent studies suggest that this abnormal tactile function may be one of the important causes of autism.

Tactile perception originates from the response of mechanical force sensing molecular receptor-mechanically gated cation channel expressed on primary sensory neurons to mechanical force stimulation, which causes extracellular cations, such as sodium ions and calcium ions, to flow into cells, which in turn induces nerve cell excitement and signal transmission, and finally leads to tactile sensation. In 2010, the research group of Professor Ardem Patapoutian of Scripps Institute in the United States identified that the Piezo gene family encodes the necessary components of mechanically gated cation channels in mammals. In 2012, Dr. Xiao Bailong, who is engaged in postdoctoral research in Professor Patapoutian’s research group, and his colleagues reported in the journal Nature that Piezo protein constitutes the core pore component of mechanically gated cation channels, thus establishing a brand-new ion channel family type of mechanically gated Piezo channels for the first time.

Subsequent studies have proved that Piezo2 mediates the mechanical perception of tactile, proprioception (such as posture balance perception) and visceral perception (such as lung contraction and expansion, blood pressure perception and heart rate regulation) in mammals, while Piezo1 has been found to act as a molecular receptor of mechanical force in a variety of cell tissues and participate in regulating the development of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, blood pressure homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling and many other functions. The genetic mutation of Piezo gene has been found to cause many human genetic diseases, including erythrocytopenia syndrome, lymphatic edema, distal joint contracture, tactile loss and so on. The human body with the loss-of-function mutation of Piezo2 not only shows tactile and proprioception defects, but also loses the perception of mechanical hypersensitivity in pathological state, which confirms that Piezo2 channel can be used as an important target for developing new analgesic drugs.

▲ Figure A, schematic diagram of frozen electron microscope of Piezo2, in which each subunit is represented by a different color; B, a schematic diagram of a dome-shaped structure surrounded by three outward twisted transmembrane paddle areas, and the transmembrane area is marked by the green dotted line; C, schematic diagram of the topological structure of Piezo2 with 38 transmembrane regions; D, a subunit structure of Piezo2 constitutes a display diagram; E, Piezo2 central pore module area; F, the central pore area of Piezo2 and Piezo1 surrounded by IH-CTD; The radius distribution diagram of the central pore area of G, Piezo2 and Piezo1, including the switch gate of transmembrane area and the Constriction neck)； of intracellular area; H, Piezo1 and Piezo2 mutants with deletion of hat region lack the current induced by mechanical stimulation.

Dr. Xiao Bailong’s research group comprehensively uses the multi-disciplinary research methods, such as biochemical structure, electrophysiological patch clamp, Qualcomm dosage drug screening, transgenic mouse model and human genetics, and focuses on solving the key scientific problems of how the mechanically gated Piezo channel converts mechanical stimulation into electrochemical signals, and how it uses its own mechanical sensitivity and channel characteristics to determine related physiological and pathological functions, and is committed to developing new drugs and technologies targeting Piezo channel. Up to now, as a correspondent (including co-author), he has made a series of important research achievements in the three-dimensional structure analysis, molecular mechanism revelation, small molecule drug discovery and physiological and pathological function exploration of Piezo channel.

In this latest Nature paper, relying on the technical system and research platform established by two research groups for analyzing the structure of Piezo1 channel by cryo-electron microscope, the researchers have made unremitting efforts for more than six years to overcome the difficulty of extremely low expression of mouse-derived Piezo2 with a total length of 2,822 amino acids. Through continuous exploration and optimization of protein purification conditions and sample preparation methods by cryo-electron microscope, a stable and homogeneous protein sample was finally obtained for data collection by cryo-electron microscope. In the process of structural analysis, Piezo protein is extremely flexible, which brings great challenges to the resolution of high-resolution structures. The researchers expanded the symmetry of Piezo2 data particles, cut them into three parts, and calculated them independently, so as to obtain high-resolution structures of each part and then put them together into a complete structure, overcoming the flexibility problem, and finally obtained a three-dimensional structure with an overall resolution of 3.6-3.8 angstroms (Figure A), and successfully analyzed the complete topological structure of Piezo2 protein including 38 transmembrane helical regions (Figures C and D).

The researchers found that the overall three-dimensional structure of Piezo2 channel is similar to that of Piezo1 channel previously analyzed, and it is assembled into a trilobal propeller-like structure with 114 transmembrane helical regions in the form of homotrimer (Figure a-d), and it is established that Piezo channel is a kind of large membrane protein with the most transmembrane times so far. Among them, the 1st to 36th transmembrane helix regions (TM1-36) are sequentially assembled into 9 repetitive structural units with the 4th transmembrane helix region as the unit, and this characteristic structural unit was previously named THU (Transmembrane Helical Unit) with the abbreviation of Tsinghua University (Figure c, d). Very interestingly, these nine thus are connected in series to form a special non-planar transmembrane "Blade" structure, which leads to the three blades enclosing into a dome-shaped structure with a diameter of 28nm and a depth of 10nm (Figure B). Researchers speculate that this dome-shaped PIZO protein-cell membrane system may be one of the structural foundations of PIZO channel with high mechanical sensitivity.

The extracellular "Cap" domain located above the central pore region is completely embedded in the bottom of the dome (Figures A and B), while there is a 9nm long Beam structure inside the cell, which connects the peripheral end of the blade to the intracellular position of the central pore region (Figures a-e). The 38th transmembrane helix (named inner helix, IH) and the trailing intracellular carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) form a central pore part (Figures E and F), including a narrow neck located in the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region (Figures F and G), suggesting that the Piezo channel structure is in a closed state. The structural comparison between Piezo2 and Piezo1 shows that the transmembrane region narrow site is completely closed in Piezo2 structure, but open in Piezo1 (Figure f, g). Based on this, the researcher proposed that the narrow site forms a switch gate of transmembrane region (Figure f, g). Further structural analysis and electrophysiological function experiments show that the gate may be controlled by the rotation of the top hat domain (Figure H). However, because the narrow constriction neck located in the cytoplasm region is in the closed state in both Piezo1 and Piezo2 structures (Figure f, g), it remains to be further proved whether this site is controlled by the conformational changes of the blade and long rod structure as another switch gate.

Dr. Xiao Bailong said that through the full cooperation with Dr. Li Xueming’s research group, the analysis of the structure from Piezo1 to Piezo2 not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structure and mechanism of mechanical gating of Piezo channel in mammals, but also provided a solid foundation for exploring the mechanism of human diseases caused by the dysfunction of Piezo channel and the identification and discovery of related drugs. Relying on the all-round research platform and academic accumulation of Piezo channel established by their research group, they will devote themselves to the drug discovery and development of Piezo channel.

Dr. Xiao Bailong from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and Dr. Li Xueming from College of Life Sciences are co-authors of this paper. Wang Li, a postdoctoral fellow at Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy, Zhou Heng, a 2015 doctoral student at School of Life, Zhang Mingmin, a 2013 doctoral student, and Liu Wenhao, a 2016 doctoral student, are the first authors. In addition, Dr. Deng Tuan, Zhao Qiancheng (now a postdoctoral fellow at Yale University) and Li Yiran of Xiao Bailong’s research group also participated in some research work. Dr lei Jianlin of Tsinghua University cryo-electron microscope platform provided help for data collection of cryo-electron microscope.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1505-8.pdf

Graphic | School of Medicine, School of Life, Department of Electronics, School of Public Administration, School of Pharmacy

Editor | Li Jing

Qingyuan released April sunny and rainy at first sight.

It coincides with the warm spring and flowers.

It’s a good time to step into spring.

Accompanied by frequent turnover of personnel

It is easy to cause diseases such as respiratory tract and intestine.

Qingyuan CDC reminds citizens

When going out to play

Attention should be paid to safety and health first

Be careful in April.

The following seven diseases

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease is mainly caused by enterovirus EV71, Coxsackie virus A16, Coxsackie virus A6 and other enteroviruses. The incubation period is 2-10 days (average 3-5 days). The clinical manifestations are mainly fever and rash or herpes on hands, feet, mouth and buttocks. It spreads through respiratory droplets and faeces, and it is easy to occur in infants under 5 years old. It can occur all year round, and it is spring from April to July.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination with EV71 vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of serious illness and death. In order to play a protective role as early as possible, children are encouraged to complete the whole vaccination before the age of 12 months.

2. Nursery institutions strictly implement the regulations on the management of infectious diseases, implement morning and afternoon inspections, check the causes of absence due to illness, and report the clustered epidemic situation in time.

3. Maintain good hand hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals and after going out and returning.

4. Closed public places and rooms should be ventilated frequently to keep the air circulating. Frequent contact parts, daily necessities and children’s toys are cleaned and disinfected regularly.

whooping cough

Pertussis is a highly contagious acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection. Since the wide implementation of DTP vaccine immunization, the incidence of this disease has been significantly reduced. However, in recent years, the number of reported cases of pertussis in our city has been on the rise, and some cases have typical paroxysmal and spasmodic cough, with a course of 2-3 months.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination is one of the important methods to prevent pertussis. Children in China should be vaccinated with one dose at the age of 3, 4, 5 months and 18~24 months, and school-age children should be vaccinated with pertussis in time.

2. Try to avoid exposure. If there is a definite infected person at home, the infected person should follow the doctor’s advice and take antibiotics for treatment in time, and pay attention to ventilation at home to reduce close contact with other family members. In particular, infants who have not been vaccinated at home should try to avoid contact with infected people or live in the same room.

3. Strengthening ventilation, washing hands frequently, wearing masks and other preventive measures can effectively prevent diseases transmitted through respiratory tract.

Tick-borne diseases

Acari, generally reddish brown or taupe, long oval, flat back and abdomen, is only the size of a grain of rice before blood sucking, and can expand several times to dozens of times after blood sucking. Ticks mostly live in grassland, farmland, bushes or wooded environment and animal body surface. As the weather warms up, ticks gradually enter an active period. Ticks can spread many diseases after biting people, such as Lyme disease, forest encephalitis, tick-borne hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, relapsing fever, spotted fever, rabbit fever, tick-borne typhus, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Bartonella infection and so on.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Try to avoid sitting and lying for a long time in the main habitats of ticks, such as grasslands and Woods. Do personal protection and wear long-sleeved clothes; Fasten the trouser legs or stuff them into socks and shoes; Don’t wear sandals; Don’t dry clothes on the grass or trees.

2. After you come back from forests, grasslands and other places, you should pay attention to checking clothes and various parts of your body to ensure that there are no ticks attached; If you bring a pet, you should also carefully check the whole body of the pet to prevent ticks from being carried home in the pet hair.

3. After being bitten by ticks, it is generally not recommended to handle it by yourself. It is best to go to the hospital for treatment.

dengue

Dengue fever is an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus, which is mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes albopictus (commonly known as "flower mosquito"). Mainly popular in tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia, Western Pacific, America and Africa. Dengue fever has the characteristics of typical import and suddenness, rapid spread, high incidence, general susceptibility of the population and high mortality of a few severe cases.

With the increase of temperature and rainfall, the density of mosquito vectors increases, which does not rule out the possibility of local infection caused by imported cases in some areas.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Wear long-sleeved clothes when going out and try to choose light-colored clothes; Mosquito repellent products such as mosquito repellent can be used in exposed parts of the skin; Install screen doors, screens and other physical protection measures; Avoid staying in the shade, shrubs, grass and other mosquitoes densely.

2. Reduce the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes

Sealing: sealing the water tank, sealing the sewer manhole or installing anti-mosquito devices and sealing useful utensils.

Fill: Fill potholes, waste ponds, ditches, bamboo holes and tree holes.

Dredging: dredge ditches, clean up silt and weeds on the shore.

Row: clear the accumulated water.

Cleaning: remove small containers of garbage, as well as garbage containers such as plastic film bags, discarded bottles and cans.

Novel coronavirus infection

At present, the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus in our city shows a low level of epidemic fluctuation. novel coronavirus has not disappeared, but it is still mutating, and there is still the risk of infection. The general public still needs to do a good job of self-protection.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Take the initiative to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine, wash hands frequently, ventilate more, gather less, maintain good hygiene habits, and wear masks scientifically in crowded places.

2. Enhancing self-immunity and improving self-immunity is an important means to prevent various diseases. Please ask the general public to maintain a healthy lifestyle such as regular work and rest, exercise, drink plenty of water, eat healthily and have a good attitude.

flu

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which has the characteristics of short incubation period, strong infectivity, rapid spread, etc., mainly manifested as acute onset, severe headache, chills, fever, body aches, fatigue and other symptoms, which are easy to cause outbreaks; High incidence in winter and spring, the whole population is susceptible, pregnant women, infants, the elderly and patients with chronic basic diseases are high-risk groups, and serious complications may occur.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccinate against influenza. Vaccinate against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications of vaccinators. The virus is easy to mutate, so it is recommended to vaccinate once a year, especially for the elderly, children, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, caregivers and medical staff.

2. Maintain good personal hygiene, wash your hands frequently and correctly, avoid dirty hands touching your eyes, nose and mouth, cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and wash your hands in time.

3. Reduce going to crowded places and wear masks scientifically.

4. Ventilation indoors to keep the air circulating.

5. Have a balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate rest to avoid excessive fatigue.

chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus, which occurs frequently in winter and spring. It is characterized by patches, papules, herpes and scabs on the skin and mucosa in batches with mild systemic symptoms. The incubation period is long, generally 14-16 days (ranging from 10-21 days) after exposure to the virus. From 1-2 days before the outbreak of chickenpox infection to the scab of the rash, the infected person is contagious. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory tract and direct contact. April-June and November-January are the high incidence seasons of chickenpox every year.

Children aged 1 -12 are susceptible, and chickenpox is highly contagious. About 90% of susceptible people will get sick after contacting patients, commonly known as "face-to-face transmission". Places where people gather, such as kindergartens and schools, are prone to outbreaks.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is the most economical and effective measure. Chickenpox vaccine is suitable for people who are susceptible to chickenpox at the age of 1 and above. Vaccination is recommended for school-age children and people with high exposure.

2. Nursery institutions, schools, etc. strictly implement the regulations on the management of infectious diseases, implement morning and afternoon check-ups, check the causes of absence due to illness, etc. Once suspicious patients are found, they should be disposed of in time, and standardized disinfection should be carried out on the items they have contacted.

3. Maintain good personal hygiene habits. Wash your hands frequently, eat a balanced diet, strengthen physical exercise, and try to avoid contact with patients with acute chickenpox.

4. Strengthen environmental ventilation. Closed public places and rooms should be ventilated frequently to keep indoor air circulation and clean environment.

5. Patients must be treated in isolation at an early stage until all herpes scabs or not less than two weeks after illness.

Qingyuan fafa editorial department

Original title: "Qingyuan CDC Reminder: Seven Infectious Diseases Need to be Focused on in April"

Read the original text

　　"Healthy Shanghai 12320" WeChat WeChat official account News, November 21st 0— At 24: 00, there were 4 confirmed cases and 44 asymptomatic infected cases in COVID-19, both of which were found in isolation and control. There were 5 confirmed cases and 45 asymptomatic infected cases imported from overseas in COVID-19.

　　Local case situation

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 4 new cases were confirmed in COVID-19.

　　Case 1, temporarily living in Jiading District,

　　Case 2, living in Minhang District,

　　All of them came from other provinces and returned to Shanghai. After arriving in Shanghai, they were put under control. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after review by the CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 3, who lives in Pudong New Area, is a close contact of local infected people who have returned to Shanghai from other provinces previously reported in this city. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 4, who lives in Songjiang District, is a close contact of a native asymptomatic infected person reported in Japan on November 15th. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Situation of asymptomatic infection in local area

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 44 cases of asymptomatic local infections were added.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1, temporarily living in Huangpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2, asymptomatic infected person 3, temporarily living in Xuhui District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 4, temporarily living in Minhang District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5, asymptomatic infected person 6, temporarily living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 7, temporarily living in Jinshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 8, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Asymptomatic infection 9, living in Jing’ an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 10, living in Hongkou District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 11, living in Yangpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 12, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 13, living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 14, asymptomatic infection 15, living in Qingpu District,

　　All of them came from other provinces and returned to Shanghai. After arriving in Shanghai, they were put under control. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after review by the CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 16-mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 18, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Nineteen asymptomatic infected people, living in Hongkou District, were quarantined and controlled after receiving notification from other provinces and cities. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after re-examination by CDC. Based on comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, they were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 20, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 21, living in Jing ‘an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 22, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 23-mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 25, living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 26, living in Songjiang District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 27, asymptomatic infection 28, living in Qingpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 29, living in Fengxian District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 30, living in Chongming District,

　　They are all close contacts of local infected people from other provinces who came to Shanghai and returned to Shanghai previously reported by this city. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 31, living in Jing ‘an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 32, living in Putuo District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 33, living in Jiading District,

　　All of them are close contacts of asymptomatic local infected people reported in Japan on November 15th. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 34-mdash; 36 asymptomatic infected people, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 37, asymptomatic infection 38, living in Jiading District,

　　They are all close contacts of asymptomatic local infected people reported in Japan on November 19. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 39, asymptomatic infection 40, living in Minhang District,

　　41 asymptomatic infected people, living in Qingpu District, were found abnormal in routine nucleic acid detection of key personnel in closed-loop management, and the results were positive after review by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42, living in Xuhui District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 43, living in Changning District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 44, living in Qingpu District,

　　Is a close contact of related cases. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Overseas imported cases

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, through the joint prevention and control mechanism at the port, five confirmed cases of imported COVID-19 were reported. One case was cured and discharged from the United States.

　　Case 1, a native of China, lived in Brazil, started from Brazil and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 15, 2022. After entering the country, he was put under centralized quarantine observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 2, a native of China, worked in Benin, started from Benin, transited through France, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 3, a China citizen, worked in Singapore, set out from Singapore and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept in isolated observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 4, a native of China, studied in New Zealand, set out from New Zealand and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 5, a native of China, worked in the United States, set out from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept in isolated observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Five confirmed cases imported from abroad have been transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment, and 47 people who have been in close contact with the flight have been tracked, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　Situation of asymptomatic infected persons imported from abroad

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 45 cases of asymptomatic infected people were newly imported from abroad.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1, a Korean national, visited relatives in South Korea, set out from South Korea and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 14, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2, a China citizen, worked in UAE, started from UAE and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 14, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 3 is American, living in the United States, asymptomatic infected person 4 is China, visiting relatives in the United States. Asymptomatic infected person 3 and asymptomatic infected person 4 departed from the United States, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 15, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5, a native of China, worked in Canada, set out from Canada and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 16th, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 6 is a resident of Taiwan Province, visiting relatives in Taiwan Province, starting from Taiwan Province, and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17th, 2022. After entering the country, he was put under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Persons 7, Asymptomatic Infected Persons 8 are all China citizens, living in the United States, starting from the United States, taking the same flight, and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons 9. Asymptomatic infected persons 10 are all from China, asymptomatic infected persons 9 work in the United States, asymptomatic infected persons 10 live in the United States, asymptomatic infected persons 9. Asymptomatic infected persons 10 depart from the United States, take the same flight, and arrive at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they are concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection is abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Eleven asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in New Zealand, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　12 asymptomatic infected people are Korean nationals, visiting relatives in South Korea, starting from South Korea and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirteen asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in Canada. They set out from Canada and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　14 asymptomatic infected persons and 15 asymptomatic infected persons are all from China, 14 asymptomatic infected persons work in France, 15 asymptomatic infected persons visit relatives in France, 14 asymptomatic infected persons and 15 asymptomatic infected persons depart from France and arrive at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they are concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection is abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Sixteen asymptomatic infected people were from China, living in the United States. They started from the United States, transferred to Finland, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Seventeen asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and studied in Singapore, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022, and were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Eighteen asymptomatic infected persons, who were from China, studied in Hong Kong, set off from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, they were kept in centralized isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Nineteen asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in Korea, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty asymptomatic infected people, Japanese nationals, visited relatives in Japan, set out from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-one asymptomatic infected persons were from China, visiting relatives in Canada, starting from Canada and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-two asymptomatic infected people, who are from China and work in the United States, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. They were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-three asymptomatic infected people, who are from China and work in Thailand, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022, and were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-four asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in Germany, set off from Germany, transited through Hungary, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　25 asymptomatic infected persons and 26 asymptomatic infected persons are all from China. They studied in New Zealand, departed from New Zealand, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 27-mdash; 32 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, and 27-mdash asymptomatic infected people; Asymptomatic infected person 31 works in Germany, starts from Germany, transits through Austria, asymptomatic infected person 32 lives in Austria, starts from Austria, asymptomatic infected person 27— Asymptomatic infected person 32 took the same flight and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 33-mdash; 36 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, 33 asymptomatic infected people work in South Korea, start from South Korea and transit through Singapore, and 34 asymptomatic infected people & mdash; Asymptomatic infection 36 working in Singapore, starting from Singapore, asymptomatic infection 33— Thirty-six asymptomatic infected people arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022 on the same flight. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirty-seven asymptomatic infected people were from China, living in the United States. They started from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirty-eight asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in the UK, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 39— 41 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, 39 asymptomatic infected people, 40 asymptomatic infected people work in the United States, 41 asymptomatic infected people study in the United States, and 39 asymptomatic infected people & mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 41 departed from the United States, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42 and asymptomatic infected person 43 are all from China. Asymptomatic infected person 42 worked in Thailand, departed from Thailand and transited through South Korea. Asymptomatic infected person 43 worked in South Korea, and departed from South Korea. Asymptomatic infected person 42 and asymptomatic infected person 43 took the same flight and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Forty-four asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in Japan. They started from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Forty-five asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in the United States. They set off from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　45 imported asymptomatic infected people from abroad have been transferred to designated medical institutions for medical observation, and 842 close contacts have been followed up, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 24: 00, 16 cases of asymptomatic infection were released from medical observation, including 11 cases of asymptomatic infection in China and 5 cases of asymptomatic infection imported from abroad.

　　From 0: 00 on July 3, 2022 to 24: 00 on November 21, 2022, 240 cases were diagnosed locally, 233 cases were cured and discharged, 31 cases were treated in hospital, and 0 cases died. 1567 cases of asymptomatic infection. There are 0 suspected cases to be investigated.

　　By 24: 00 on November 21, 2022, there were 5,629 confirmed cases imported from abroad, 5,591 cases were discharged and 38 cases were treated in hospital. There are 0 suspected cases to be investigated.

CCTV News:Be the first in the spring of the year, and do everything first. At a new starting point, all walks of life have worked hard to spell out a gratifying "new speed." Today (February 29), "News Network" released a series of exciting good news: in 2023, the annual GDP exceeded 126 trillion, and the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan; Shanghai creates a new highland of institutional openness; "Great powers and heavy weapons" are constantly "innovating", and civil aviation transportation and scientific and technological development have won many successes. New quality productivity, new technology and new kinetic energy continue to exert their strength, and China’s "new and new" thriving economy is moving forward step by step.

In 2023, the gross domestic product exceeded 126 trillion yuan.

The National Bureau of Statistics released the Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development in 2023 on February 29th. According to preliminary accounting, in 2023, the gross domestic product reached 126,058.2 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year.

The cultivation of emerging industries has been accelerated. In 2023, the proportion of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing in the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size rose to 15.7% and 33.6% respectively. The integration of digital technology and the real economy has been solidly promoted. The transaction volume of e-commerce increased by 9.4% over the previous year, and the added value of information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 11.9%.

Scientific and technological innovation has achieved new breakthroughs. In 2023, the expenditure on research and experimental development in the whole society was 3.3 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.64% of the GDP, of which the expenditure on basic research increased by 9.3%.

Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone to Create a New Highland of Institutional Opening

The Overall Plan for the Construction of Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone has positioned Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone as a new platform for facilitating international business exchanges, a new carrier for gathering service resources and a new node for promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and has undertaken three core functions: facilitating international business exchanges, serving high-end international exhibition activities and improving the quality of training services.

The cooperation zone is adjacent to Pudong Airport and Shanghai East Railway Station, with a planned area of about 0.88 square kilometers. It is divided into two blocks with the G1503 expressway as the boundary.

The plan is clear. By 2025, the closed acceptance of the first start-up area of the business cooperation zone will be completed. By 2028, the business cooperation zone will be fully closed. By 2030, the business cooperation zone will be fully built. Upon completion, overseas personnel who take international or regional flights from Pudong International Airport do not need a Chinese visa, but only need to hold international travel documents to enter the area with a valid invitation filed by the comprehensive management agency of the business cooperation zone, and can stay for 30 days, and can apply for extension as needed. Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone will be built into a new highland of institutional openness, a new engine to smooth China’s economic cycle and a new hub to connect domestic and international dual cycles.

Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be closed for operation from March 1st.

From 0: 00 on March 1st, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be officially closed for operation. A series of preferential tax policies will be implemented from the operation of customs clearance, which will facilitate the exchange of goods and personnel between Hengqin and Macao.

Speed up the development of science and technologyDigital China Construction

Speeding up the construction of digital China and injecting powerful impetus into Chinese modernization.

According to the latest data, in 2023, the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan, accounting for 3.72% of GDP. Digital technology and the real economy continue to be deeply integrated to accelerate the development of new quality productivity.

Embark on a new journey and draw a new blueprint, and a series of top-level designs have landed one after another. "Overall Layout Planning of Digital China Construction" was issued, and the National Data Bureau was established. China has built the world’s largest communication network, with the number of 5G base stations exceeding 3.37 million. The annual growth rate of computing power scale has remained above 30%, and the digital base has been continuously consolidated.

Nowadays, the digital wave is accelerating the deep integration with the "five in one" of China’s economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction.

Collaborative innovation of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Construction started in the new year. This is a shield machine that is spread all over the country. Any tiny blade wear on it can be transmitted back to the digital twin system thousands of miles away in real time. In eight cities including Beijing, Shenzhen and Suzhou, on average, more than 500 intelligent networked vehicles are conducting road tests every day, and all vehicle test data can be transmitted to Wulanchabu Computing Center in real time in less than 10 milliseconds at the earliest for synchronous simulation and analysis.

Digital city construction has reached a new level. More than 90% of government services in China are available online, and the level of government governance has been greatly improved. The digital life scene is constantly changing, the subway can adjust the frequency in real time according to the flow of people, and the expressway can automatically remind the weather and road conditions, digitally accelerate the integration into all aspects of people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation, and make the people feel more gained.

Today, the construction of ecological civilization is also more intelligent. In the world’s largest clean energy corridor, the river will cross six power stations and cover 1,800 kilometers. During this period, whether it needs to be used for flood control, power generation, shipping and irrigation can now be accurately calculated through this newly built "smart brain".

The pace of digital culture construction continued to accelerate. The forms of "cloud tour" such as the Digital Forbidden City and Digital Expo are constantly updated. Up to now, China has published a total of 130,000 digital resources of ancient books online, and traditional culture has flourished in generate through digital technology.

This year, China will further strengthen the layout of digital China. According to statistics, in just two months, more than 20 provincial-level data management institutions have been established one after another, the construction of computing hub nodes in eight countries of the "East Counting and West Computing" project has been accelerated, the research on 5G lightweight has been fully launched, and the industrial Internet has entered a new stage of large-scale development. From the tip of the tongue to the fingertips, from the field to the workshop, digital technology is accelerating the all-round economic and social changes and injecting strong impetus into promoting Chinese modernization.

Beijing establishes large-scale model application industry consortium.

On February 29th, 2024 Beijing Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation and Development Conference was held in Beijing. The purpose of the conference is to promote the wide application of artificial intelligence technology and the deep integration of industries, and form a new quality productivity. Around the three elements of artificial intelligence computing power, data and algorithm, the first independent innovation artificial intelligence computing power cluster and large-scale model application industry consortium in Beijing were released, and a number of industrial cooperation projects were fully developed.

In 2023, "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" was released.

The reporter learned from the National Natural Science Foundation of China that the "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" in 2023 was announced today (February 29th). The top ten advances are mainly distributed in life science and medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum, astronomy, chemical energy and other scientific fields. The selection has been held for 19 times since it was launched in 2005, and was voted by many high-level experts in the field of basic research, such as academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering.

The construction of a strong transportation country has changed from "big" to "strong"

In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Many sets of data outline the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

The data shows that the total mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network currently exceeds 6 million kilometers; The national railway operating mileage is 159,000 kilometers, including 45,000 kilometers of high-speed rail; The total mileage of national highways is 5.441 million kilometers, including 184,000 kilometers of expressways; The navigation mileage of inland waterways is 128,000 kilometers, including 17,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways; There are 22,000 productive berths in the port, including 2,883 berths with a tonnage of over 10,000 tons; There are 259 airports for civil aviation transportation, including 38 airports with annual passenger throughput exceeding 10 million passengers. Over the past five years, China has invested more than 18 trillion yuan in transportation fixed assets, and the construction of a transportation power has been accelerating. Major projects such as sichuan-tibet railway and Shenzhen-China Passage have been actively and effectively promoted, and major landmark projects such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Beijing Daxing International Airport have been put into operation. The pace of construction of intelligent railways, intelligent highways, intelligent navigation channels, intelligent civil aviation and intelligent postal services has been accelerated, and the scale of automated container terminals built and under construction ranks first in the world. The first domestic large-scale cruise ship was officially put into operation on New Year’s Day in 2024, C919 domestic large aircraft was officially put into commercial operation, the world’s first high-speed freight EMU with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour was rolled off the assembly line, the development of CR450 EMU continued to deepen, and the application of new energy and clean energy transportation equipment was accelerated.

Civil aviation transportation production started well.

The reporter learned from the press conference of the Civil Aviation Administration of China held on February 29 that since the beginning of this year, civil aviation transportation production has started well. In January, the total transportation turnover of the whole civil aviation industry was 11.61 billion tons kilometers, up 57.1% year-on-year; The passenger traffic volume was 57.318 million, up 44.1% year-on-year.

"Big country and heavy weapon" is new

China’s first self-developed 300 MW F-class heavy gas turbine went offline.

A few days ago, the first prototype of a 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine independently developed by China was finally assembled in Shanghai Lingang, marking the first time that China’s high-power heavy-duty gas turbine has completed the whole manufacturing process based on forward design. Heavy-duty gas turbine is the core equipment in the energy field. The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine rolled off the production line this time is the first heavy-duty gas turbine with the highest power and the highest technical level independently developed in China.

The level of medical services continued to improve.

China has built 46 national TCM inheritance and innovation centers.

The reporter learned from state administration of traditional chinese medicine that since the implementation of major projects for the revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine, the central government has invested nearly 13 billion yuan to promote the implementation of major projects. At present, the number of community health service centers and traditional Chinese medicine halls in township hospitals has increased to more than 40,000, and 46 national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers and 321 high-level key disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine have been built.

China continues to improve its comprehensive support capacity for rare diseases.

February 29th is the International Day for Rare Diseases. Up to now, more than 80 kinds of drugs for rare diseases have been included in the national medical insurance drug list in China, and the average price reduction of 51 kinds of drugs for rare diseases included through medical insurance negotiation has exceeded 50%. In 2023, 15 varieties of drugs with rare diseases were accelerated to market through priority review and approval procedures. Two batches of national rare diseases catalogues published by China have included 207 rare diseases.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 14th Question: how to ensure supply and price stability if it continues to operate at a low level? -Price articles of mid-year economic research bank

Xinhua news agency reporter

Prices are related to economic operation and affect people’s lives. In the first half of this year, China’s prices maintained a stable operation, but since the second quarter, due to multiple factors, the increase has declined.

In the first half of the year, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.7% year-on-year, lower than the 1.7% increase in the same period last year. Among them, in June, CPI rose by 0.2% year-on-year from last month to flat, down by 0.2% month-on-month.

How to treat the current price trend? In the past few days, Xinhua News Agency reporters have conducted in-depth investigations in Hunan, Jiangsu and other places, and have truly felt that all parties have a solid support for effectively coping with price fluctuations, continuously strengthening the supply and stability of prices, and maintaining the stable operation of prices throughout the year.

Guarantee the supply of important commodities for people’s livelihood

Near the evening, many citizens are choosing pork, eggplant and other products at Chanan Farmers’ Market in jianye district, Nanjing, Jiangsu.

"Now, the price of vegetables and meat is generally low. The price of ordinary pork belly has dropped to more than 10 yuan a catty, and the’ vegetable basket’ is more comfortable." Aunt Xu, a Nanjing citizen who came to the market to buy food, said.

Since the beginning of this year, prices have continued to fall due to the time difference between supply and demand recovery and the high base.

Lower prices will help to reduce the cost of living of the people, but for the relevant production enterprises, it means that the sales price will fall, resulting in shrinking profits.

In the fruit trading area of Red Star Global Agricultural Products Wholesale Center in Changsha, Hunan Province, watching boxes of durian imported from Vietnam being unloaded in an orderly manner on the cold chain transport vehicle, Zhang Xinghua, the head of the "Fruit Taoren" business department of Hunan Fruit Friends Company, recorded the weight of durian in detail in a notebook, and roughly calculated the cost and estimated income.

"At the beginning of this year, we added a Vietnamese durian procurement contract. Durian shipments increased by 20% compared with last year, but the market sales volume was delayed, the average sales price fell, and the income continued to decline." Zhang Xinghua said.

Restricted by unstable income expectations and other factors, the demand of high-end fruit market has declined as a whole, which is a challenge for fruit wholesalers.

How to meet the challenge? Zhang Xinghua mainly plays "two cards".

"On the cost side, improve procurement efficiency, further optimize import transportation routes and reduce expenses; On the sales side, strengthen the national market pre-judgment and adjust shipments in a timely manner. For example, the price of durian in some cities in the north has rebounded, which will increase the supply to these cities. " Zhang Xinghua said that the company’s durian supply is still sufficient.

From the perspective of food prices, the fluctuation of pork prices is more obvious. In June, the price of pork decreased by 7.2% year-on-year, which was 4 percentage points higher than that of the previous month.

According to industry insiders, the pig breeding industry has been losing money for many months, and some pig enterprises have even fallen into the dilemma of "selling more and losing more". Under the pressure of low pig prices, most pig enterprises practice "internal strength" hard to improve management efficiency and fully hedge the risk of lower pig prices.

The reporter walked into the pig breeding factory of Mu Yuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. in Lishui, Nanjing. Locating bars, intelligent environmental control, precision feeding and other equipment were widely used in pig houses. The pregnant houses and delivery rooms were clean and tidy, and almost no pungent odor was smelled.

"By using digital technologies such as automatic inspection and intelligent recipe feeding, the daily gain of pig fattening exceeded 1000 grams, the survival rate increased by about 5%, and the breeding efficiency was greatly improved, which greatly alleviated the impact of this round of pig price decline." Qin Shaojun, regional manager of Sunan of Mu Yuan Group, said that the supply of live pigs in the group is generally stable at present.

Guaranteed supply and stable price, all localities are working hard. Jiangsu identified 881 emergency supply enterprises for daily necessities, established a special supply network and increased supply outlets; Jingde County, Anhui Province guides key commercial enterprises to broaden sources of supply and strengthen supply reserves; Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province opened the "Bus Vegetable Basket Huimin Station" to deliver fresh agricultural and sideline products to residents’ doorsteps through "direct mining, direct supply and direct sales" …

"In the face of multiple pressures, all localities and departments made efforts from both sides of supply and demand, strengthened the analysis and judgment of price trends, and timely adopted targeted price stabilization measures. In the first half of the year, the supply of important people’s livelihood commodities was sufficient, and the CPI generally maintained a moderate increase." Wang Likun, an associate researcher at the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

Actively respond to the downward impact of PPI

Coordinate the delivery schedule with the steel sales company, communicate with the old customers about the demand for steel, and adjust the delivery schedule by staring at the online steel price trend in real time … Yanyu, who has been engaged in steel agency for 15 years, said frankly that "steel prices have been bottoming out and I feel very nervous".

"This year, we signed a purchase agreement with Handan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. for more than 60,000 tons of construction steel and cold-rolled steel plates, and shipped more than 5,000 tons of steel every month as planned, but since the beginning of the year, the price of steel has continued to be sluggish, with a year-on-year decline of about 30%." Smoke jade said.

"Low price" is the feeling of many commodity enterprises this year.

Mainly affected by international import factors, commodity prices continued to fall. In the first half of the year, the national producer price index (PPI) decreased by 3.1% year-on-year, and the decline expanded month after month.

In the investigation, the reporter found that relevant industries are actively responding to the downward impact of PPI through innovative measures such as adjusting product structure and improving industrial chain.

At 4: 00 pm on June 28th, the oil tanker "Haixinyou 616" was loaded with 9981 tons of aviation kerosene and sailed from Pier 11 of Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company to Shanghai Pudong Airport, which was the sixth oil tanker that the company sailed that day.

Facing the downward fluctuation of international crude oil price and the shrinking profit space of refined oil, chemical products and by-products, Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company aimed at market demand, increased the production and supply of aviation kerosene, high-end graphite materials, aromatic hydrocarbons and other products, and tapped new profit growth points.

"In the first half of the year, the output of aviation kerosene increased by 35% year-on-year, which not only helped to ensure the recovery of the civil aviation industry, but also increased revenue and efficiency for enterprises." Liu Wenbao, manager of the production planning department of Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company, said that we expect that there is still room for growth in sales and profits throughout the year.

PPI is related to the price of raw materials, and its decline is expanding, which increases the operating pressure of upstream enterprises, but it is conducive to reducing the production costs of downstream industries such as home appliances and paper making, which is good for downstream enterprises.

"Affected by positive factors such as falling raw material prices and stable sales, the consumption of household appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators maintained a relatively high growth in the first half of the year, and the unit price growth rate of user consumption was above double digits. On average, there were more than 50 stores in various formats such as Suning Yijia Plaza Store and Suning Yijia Flagship Store." The person in charge of Suning.cn said.

Li Gang, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that PPI is mainly affected by changes in the international market, and it is not completely synchronized with CPI fluctuations. Keeping its fluctuation range at a relatively reasonable level is conducive to the coordinated development of upstream and downstream industries. Recently, the policy of stabilizing industry has been continuously introduced, some of which are taking effect, helping enterprises to stabilize orders and expand the market, and the cardinal utility has weakened. The year-on-year decline of PPI is expected to narrow in the second half of the year.

Prices may remain moderately rising.

As an important indicator of macroeconomic operation, the price increase has continued to fall, even causing some concerns about the economy falling into deflation. Will prices continue to fall in the second half of the year? How to treat the price situation? The reporter came to the front line to observe the price dynamics.

Xinfadi market is called the "vegetable basket" of Beijing citizens. Tong Wei, the person in charge of Xinfadi Market, said that recently, the average daily market volume of vegetables has stabilized at around 19,000 tons, and the prices of some vegetables have increased due to the rebound in demand. For example, cucumbers produced in Langfang, Hebei Province have high tenderness and good taste, and the demand continues to increase, driving up prices.

According to the data of key e-commerce platforms, the demand for fruit consumption in the season is strong, and the price of fresh fruit is expected to pick up. "Recently, we have increased the purchase of seasonal fruits such as peaches and bayberries, and launched hundreds of products to cool off the summer and ensure market supply." The person in charge of the US group buying food said.

At present, the price of "vegetable basket" has increased year-on-year. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, from July 3 to July 9, the average weekly wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored mainly increased by 13% year-on-year.

The price trend is the same as that of the "vegetable basket". Under the influence of policies such as promoting consumption, the prices of home appliances and tourism are on the rise.

At present, Suning.cn has further increased the supply of high-end household appliances. "Recently, the order volume of high-end home appliances has continued to increase, and it is expected that the unit price of user consumption will further increase." The person in charge of Suning.cn said.

According to Wang Likun’s analysis, with the increasing endogenous kinetic energy of China’s economy, the bilateral recovery of supply and demand tends to be balanced, and the market circulation order continues to improve, market confidence increases and expectations continue to improve. It is expected that the overall price increase will gradually return to a reasonable level in the second half of the year.

The National Energy Administration urged power generation enterprises to implement a stable supply of coal and gas, sign a medium-and long-term contract agreement on coal and gas with good quality and quantity, and actively respond to the peak of electricity consumption this summer; The National Development and Reform Commission will, together with relevant parties, start the second batch of central pork storage and purchasing during the year, and guide all localities to synchronize storage and purchasing, so as to push the price of live pigs back to a reasonable range as soon as possible; Hubei and Beijing issue a new round of coupons …

Recently, all parties have made active efforts from both sides of supply and demand to ensure the supply of important commodities for people’s livelihood and promote the continuous recovery of consumer demand. According to industry analysts, at present, China’s total economic supply and demand are basically balanced, and the monetary conditions are reasonable and moderate. At the end of June, the broad money (M2) balance increased by 11.3% year-on-year; Residents’ expectations are stable and there is no basis for long-term deflation or inflation.

"From the perspective of the whole year, with the steady expansion of China’s market demand and the gradual increase of production and supply, the relationship between supply and demand is expected to be generally stable, and consumer prices will generally maintain a moderate increase." Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said. (Reporter Wei Yukun, Gao Kang, Yan Fujing, Zhao Jiulong, Zhou Nan)

　　Some professional qualification certificates can be inquired through the national networking system.

　　Investigation on the phenomenon of illegal sale of "real certificate"

　　Investigation motive

　　It seems that the demand for various qualification certificates through informal channels has not decreased, which can be seen from a fraudulent case of manufacturing and selling fake certificates on the websites of state organs uncovered by the police in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. In this case, the police have initially identified more than 34,000 pieces of information about people who handle false certificates, involving labor and personnel, science, education and culture, health care and medicine, engineering construction and other fields, and the personnel are distributed in more than 20 provinces, cities and regions across the country.

　　Where there is demand, there is market. From street poles to online shops, accreditation advertisements can be seen almost everywhere. In everyone’s impression, such advertisements for accreditation correspond to fake documents, just like the case cracked by Nantong police. However, the "Legal Daily" reporter found that in the accreditation business, some businesses claimed that they could provide "genuine" professional qualification certificates.

　　□ Our reporter Han Dandong

　　□ Intern Li Wenguan of this newspaper

　　Han Lin, who is studying at Tianjin Normal University, has been struggling recently. Seeing that she will graduate next year, she hasn’t got a teacher’s qualification certificate so far because Mandarin is not enough, which has a great impact on finding a job.

　　There are two choices before Han Lin, either practicing Putonghua hard and taking the exam again, or spending money to get a Putonghua grade certificate. "Compared with the two, the risks are the same." Han Lin said, "if you take the exam again, you may still fail;" Spend money to apply for a certificate, although the other party promises to inquire, but I don’t know whether it is true or not. "

　　Han Lin told the reporter of Legal Daily that it is almost an open secret among the students to spend money on the real certificate that can be inquired through official website. According to her understanding, in addition to the teacher qualification certificate, legal professional qualification certificate and other certificates can not be bought online, some professional qualification certificates, such as Putonghua grade certificate, health certificate, nutritionist and other certificates can be bought online, "it is said that it can also be found on official website".

　　According to the regulations, applicants need to take the corresponding exams and meet the standards before they can obtain the qualification certificate. Does it really exist that you can get a qualification certificate without taking an exam and be able to query through official website? The "Legal Daily" reporter launched an investigation on this.

　　3,500 yuan to run the Putonghua Grade Certificate.

　　For those who want to engage in the teaching profession, the Putonghua grade certificate is a necessary document. However, some people miss out on the teaching position because Mandarin is not up to standard, such as Zhou Wei.

　　Although I majored in education in college and always wanted to be a teacher, Zhou Wei has been unable to apply for a teacher position. "Because my Mandarin is not enough, I can’t take the teacher qualification exam, so I can’t apply for a teacher. Now I can only do some non-teaching work in some small training institutions."

　　Zhou Wei said that the failure of Putonghua has always bothered her, so she paid attention to all kinds of information about the Putonghua exam. At the beginning of this year, when she inquired about relevant information, she found that an online shop was selling Putonghua Grade Certificate, and it could be inquired through official website. "I chose a good online shop. The store said that 3,500 yuan can be used for a first-class and second-class certificate of Putonghua. Pay the deposit of 600 yuan first, and it can be done in two months. After another month, you can check online, and you can pay the final payment after the inquiry. " Zhou Wei said, "At that time, I tentatively asked if I could directly apply for a teacher qualification certificate. The store’s statement is that it is too difficult to apply for a teacher qualification certificate. "

　　Holding the psychology that "a dead horse is a living horse doctor", Zhou Wei paid the store a 600 yuan deposit. Two months later, the first-class and second-class certificate of Putonghua was sent to Zhou Wei. About a week later, the store told Zhou Wei that she could inquire. Zhou Wei logged into the national Putonghua training and testing information resource network and found that both scores and certificates could be found. Zhou Wei then clicked on the online store to confirm the payment.

　　With the experience of handling Putonghua Grade Certificate, Zhou Wei took advantage of the opportunity to spend money to buy a second-class computer certificate. "I checked, and there is no problem."

　　Online shopping level 4 chef’s certificate can be queried online.

　　Liu Jun, from Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, also told reporters about his experience of buying a certificate.

　　In July this year, Liu Jun learned from a friend that he could buy a certificate. After that, he searched for an online shop with a permit business on an e-commerce platform.

　　"I’m a good cook. I’ve always wanted to get a chef’s certificate. I just tried it that time." Liu Jun told reporters that after he told the online shop owner about the need for a chef’s certificate, the other party said that there was no problem, and he only needed to provide a 1-inch ID photo and a photo of the front and back of the ID card. He sent the photos to the other party’s mailbox as requested by the other party.

　　"The shopkeeper said that the first cooperation was a sign of sincerity, and payment could be made after the certificate was completed. It will take about two months to get the certificate. Official website needs to wait for a month or so after the certificate is completed. " Liu Jun said.

　　On September 21st, Liu Jun received a photo of the certificate from the owner of the online shop. "What is shown above is my personal information. The column of occupation (type of work) and grade is filled in as Chinese Cooker Level 4. The score of theoretical knowledge test is 67, and the score of operational skills test is 68, and the evaluation result is qualified." Liu Jun said that the certificate was issued on September 14th, 2017. At that time, official website still couldn’t find it. The owner said that online inquiry will have to wait for about a month.

　　On November 10th, Liu Jun received a notice from the owner that the previous certificate had been online. Liu Jun inquired online according to the information of the photos he had received before, and information such as personal basic information and test scores appeared on the webpage, which was exactly the same as the information on the certificate. The data was reported on November 7.

　　Subsequently, Liu Jun forwarded the previously agreed 400 yuan to the other party via WeChat, and sent the address to the other party. The owner said that it would be mailed as soon as possible and paid by SF Express. On November 13th, Liu Jun received the documents mailed by the other party.

　　Liu Jun showed the reporter this "real certificate" purchased from the Internet. The reporter saw that the official seal of the issuing authority on the left side of the certificate is the special seal for the appraisal of the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of a city in Jiangxi Province, and the special seal for the professional skill appraisal of occupational skill testing authority of a city in Jiangxi Province on the right side of the certificate, with the words of steel seal clearly visible.

　　Customer service reminds me to search for official website query by myself.

　　Is Zhou Wei and Liu Jun’s experience of buying securities a case or a market?

　　On an e-commerce platform, the reporter of Legal Daily searched for the keyword "certificate", and thousands of products appeared in the query results. However, the query page says "training" and "certificate holster, diploma qualification certificate driver’s license shell … …”

　　"Legal Daily" reporter entered an online shop, which opened in 2009, with a favorable rate of more than 98%. The owner of the online shop wrote in the statement: "Chengzheng Studio undertakes all kinds of complicated certificates, five-star service, fair price, professional technology, advanced equipment, quick delivery and your satisfaction are the driving forces for us to continue. Welcome everyone to come! Registration process: consult and confirm the registration materials submitted for the registration course and pay the registration fee. After checking the certificate, pay the final payment SF mail certificate. "

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter opened the online consultation window of the store, and the other party directly asked: "What certificate do I need to apply for?" The reporter asked if he could apply for a welding certificate, and the customer service quickly replied "Yes" and introduced the price of each certificate to the reporter.

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter asked the store owner how to pay for all the treasures in the online store. The customer service said that after discussing the price of the certificate, just shoot the baby in the certificate shell directly. The price of the certificate shell is 10 yuan, so you can shoot more babies according to the certificate price.

　　Subsequently, the reporter of Legal Daily searched with "professional qualification certificate" as the key word, and there was no need to filter. The search results all read "professional qualification certificate, human resource manager level 1, level 2 and level 3". The reporter clicked into an online shop named "Yimei Culture and Education Center". Just entering the online store, the customer service staff asked the reporter what certificate he needed to apply for. The reporter asked if he could apply for a chef’s certificate. The customer service replied: "Yes, you need to provide one-inch or two-inch recent photos (blue or red background, white background) and a copy of your ID card. You can only apply for intermediate or advanced, intermediate 780 yuan, and advanced 1,280 yuan. The intermediate certificate will be issued in about two months, and the advanced certificate will be issued in three or four months. After the certificate is issued, it will be queried on the national website in two months."

　　The reporter asked how to ensure the authenticity of the documents. The customer service immediately said, "It’s impossible for a fake certificate to come down for that long. It’s good to make a fake certificate for a few days. Besides, you have to go to jail for making a fake certificate. If you don’t believe it, you can wait until you find it before confirming the receipt. "

　　After listening to the introduction of customer service, the reporter said that some inquiry websites are fake now. The customer service reminded the reporter that you should not use the website that the merchant gave you to inquire, but directly search for the national vocational qualification certificate from the Internet, and inquire from the regular official website. "The real certificates are all checked about two months after the issuance of the certificate, and the national inquiry system is updated regularly, so it is impossible to check the certificate."

　　Online shop trading cycle is consistent, but prices are different.

　　In an online shop named "Jiangxi Textual Research Network", the reporter of "Legal Daily" just clicked on the chat page, and the other party suggested that the reporter contact by phone or WeChat. The reporter added a WeChat according to the mobile phone number provided by the other party, and this is called "Jiangxi Textual Research Studio — — Teacher Li’ s people started to communicate. The reporter asked what documents he could apply for, and "Teacher Li" said that he could only apply for some professional qualification certificates, and guaranteed that they could be checked.

　　An online shop named "Macy’s University Hall" opened on October 11th, 2004, with a favorable rate of 99.44%. It is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu. When entering the store, there are three points for attention on the home page: special goods, once sold, will not be returned, please know; All trainees who have been trained by this institution shall ensure to get the vocational qualification certificate recognized by the state; All certificates can be checked for permanent registration, which can be checked in this life and in the next life. At the bottom of the page, the optional certificates include 10 categories, such as business services, electronic information and building electrician.

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter inquired about a number of online stores on an e-commerce platform. The shopkeepers’ caliber was almost the same, and they all guaranteed to issue certificates in two or three months. After issuing certificates, they could check online for two months. Most of them traded by paying the deposit first and then paying the final payment. The materials needed to apply for certificates are almost the same, mostly photos and copies of ID cards, and some need to fill out a form, including the name, age, education and other basic information of the applicant. The prices of these documents vary. Take the intermediate vocational qualification certificate as an example. Some merchants ask for three or four hundred yuan, while others ask for seven or eight hundred yuan, all of which promise to be checked for life.

　　Vocational skill appraisal institutions organize examinations.

　　According to the regulations, what are the procedures for applying for vocational qualification certificates?

　　According to a staff member of the Business Department of the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, citizens who want to obtain vocational qualification certificates should register at the vocational skill appraisal institute first. Vocational skill appraisal institute is established with the approval of personnel department, and every district in Lanzhou has vocational skill appraisal institute. After the registration, the vocational skill appraisal institute first examines the qualifications of candidates, including age, whether the education is appropriate, and the type of personnel, such as students or social workers. After the vocational skill appraisal institute examines the qualifications of the registered candidates, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will conduct further qualification examination, mainly to see whether there are conditions for entering the examination. In the third step, the vocational skill appraisal institute needs to do preparatory work before the exam, such as printing the admission ticket. These are all audit links, and they are also the work that needs to be done in vocational skill appraisal. The fourth step is to organize the candidates’ examination by the vocational skill appraisal institute. After the candidates get the admission ticket, they will take the examination according to the time and place specified in the admission ticket. At the end of the exam, the vocational skill appraisal institute will score and score, and it will be qualified if it reaches 60 points or more. After that, the vocational skill appraisal institute reported the data of qualified candidates to the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau. The Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will further review various information such as candidates’ grades and ages. After the examination and approval by the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau, the data of qualified candidates will be reported to the provincial appraisal center. After the final review, the provincial appraisal center will inform the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau of the results, and one who is qualified will be given an empty certificate, and then the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will fill in the information and finally issue the certificate.

　　According to this staff member, the examination was organized by the Vocational Skills Appraisal Institute. During the examination, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau organized personnel to conduct on-site inspections. For the examination papers, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau should also organize personnel to conduct spot checks, and the workload of the census is too great.

　　So, what is the vocational skill appraisal institute?

　　The reporter inquired that both the vocational skill appraisal institute and the human resources service intermediary agency applied to the municipal human resources department or the provincial human resources department for establishment.

　　Article 69 of the Labor Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: The state determines the occupational classification, sets the vocational skill standards for the specified occupations, and implements the vocational qualification certificate system, and the assessment and appraisal institutions approved by the government are responsible for the assessment and appraisal of workers’ vocational skills.

　　Paragraph 2 of Article 26 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Promotion of Private Education stipulates that students who have received vocational skills training and passed the appraisal by vocational skill appraisal institutions approved by the government may be issued with national vocational qualification certificates.

　　How to apply for the establishment of a vocational skill appraisal institution? The reporter inquired about the information and found that the conditions for accepting the identification of vocational skill appraisal institutions by local human and social departments are almost the same. Taking Tianjin as an example, the application conditions are as follows: vocational skill appraisal institutions should meet the basic conditions stipulated by national laws, regulations and policies; The sponsor shall have the legal person qualification; Having a clear name, organization and articles of association; There are full-time and part-time assessors; Having the purpose, objective and outline of appraisal; Equipment and facilities meet the prescribed standards; The registered capital reaches the prescribed standard; There are venues that meet the needs of identification.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, the interviewee in this article is a pseudonym.)

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun