Qingyuan CDC Reminder: Seven infectious diseases need to be prevented in April.

Qingyuan released April sunny and rainy at first sight.

It coincides with the warm spring and flowers.

It’s a good time to step into spring.

Accompanied by frequent turnover of personnel

It is easy to cause diseases such as respiratory tract and intestine.

Qingyuan CDC reminds citizens

When going out to play

Attention should be paid to safety and health first

Be careful in April.

The following seven diseases

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease is mainly caused by enterovirus EV71, Coxsackie virus A16, Coxsackie virus A6 and other enteroviruses. The incubation period is 2-10 days (average 3-5 days). The clinical manifestations are mainly fever and rash or herpes on hands, feet, mouth and buttocks. It spreads through respiratory droplets and faeces, and it is easy to occur in infants under 5 years old. It can occur all year round, and it is spring from April to July.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination with EV71 vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of serious illness and death. In order to play a protective role as early as possible, children are encouraged to complete the whole vaccination before the age of 12 months.

2. Nursery institutions strictly implement the regulations on the management of infectious diseases, implement morning and afternoon inspections, check the causes of absence due to illness, and report the clustered epidemic situation in time.

3. Maintain good hand hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals and after going out and returning.

4. Closed public places and rooms should be ventilated frequently to keep the air circulating. Frequent contact parts, daily necessities and children’s toys are cleaned and disinfected regularly.

whooping cough

Pertussis is a highly contagious acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection. Since the wide implementation of DTP vaccine immunization, the incidence of this disease has been significantly reduced. However, in recent years, the number of reported cases of pertussis in our city has been on the rise, and some cases have typical paroxysmal and spasmodic cough, with a course of 2-3 months.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination is one of the important methods to prevent pertussis. Children in China should be vaccinated with one dose at the age of 3, 4, 5 months and 18~24 months, and school-age children should be vaccinated with pertussis in time.

2. Try to avoid exposure. If there is a definite infected person at home, the infected person should follow the doctor’s advice and take antibiotics for treatment in time, and pay attention to ventilation at home to reduce close contact with other family members. In particular, infants who have not been vaccinated at home should try to avoid contact with infected people or live in the same room.

3. Strengthening ventilation, washing hands frequently, wearing masks and other preventive measures can effectively prevent diseases transmitted through respiratory tract.

Tick-borne diseases

Acari, generally reddish brown or taupe, long oval, flat back and abdomen, is only the size of a grain of rice before blood sucking, and can expand several times to dozens of times after blood sucking. Ticks mostly live in grassland, farmland, bushes or wooded environment and animal body surface. As the weather warms up, ticks gradually enter an active period. Ticks can spread many diseases after biting people, such as Lyme disease, forest encephalitis, tick-borne hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, relapsing fever, spotted fever, rabbit fever, tick-borne typhus, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Bartonella infection and so on.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Try to avoid sitting and lying for a long time in the main habitats of ticks, such as grasslands and Woods. Do personal protection and wear long-sleeved clothes; Fasten the trouser legs or stuff them into socks and shoes; Don’t wear sandals; Don’t dry clothes on the grass or trees.

2. After you come back from forests, grasslands and other places, you should pay attention to checking clothes and various parts of your body to ensure that there are no ticks attached; If you bring a pet, you should also carefully check the whole body of the pet to prevent ticks from being carried home in the pet hair.

3. After being bitten by ticks, it is generally not recommended to handle it by yourself. It is best to go to the hospital for treatment.

dengue

Dengue fever is an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus, which is mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes albopictus (commonly known as "flower mosquito"). Mainly popular in tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia, Western Pacific, America and Africa. Dengue fever has the characteristics of typical import and suddenness, rapid spread, high incidence, general susceptibility of the population and high mortality of a few severe cases.

With the increase of temperature and rainfall, the density of mosquito vectors increases, which does not rule out the possibility of local infection caused by imported cases in some areas.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Wear long-sleeved clothes when going out and try to choose light-colored clothes; Mosquito repellent products such as mosquito repellent can be used in exposed parts of the skin; Install screen doors, screens and other physical protection measures; Avoid staying in the shade, shrubs, grass and other mosquitoes densely.

2. Reduce the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes

Sealing: sealing the water tank, sealing the sewer manhole or installing anti-mosquito devices and sealing useful utensils.

Fill: Fill potholes, waste ponds, ditches, bamboo holes and tree holes.

Dredging: dredge ditches, clean up silt and weeds on the shore.

Row: clear the accumulated water.

Cleaning: remove small containers of garbage, as well as garbage containers such as plastic film bags, discarded bottles and cans.

Novel coronavirus infection

At present, the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus in our city shows a low level of epidemic fluctuation. novel coronavirus has not disappeared, but it is still mutating, and there is still the risk of infection. The general public still needs to do a good job of self-protection.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Take the initiative to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine, wash hands frequently, ventilate more, gather less, maintain good hygiene habits, and wear masks scientifically in crowded places.

2. Enhancing self-immunity and improving self-immunity is an important means to prevent various diseases. Please ask the general public to maintain a healthy lifestyle such as regular work and rest, exercise, drink plenty of water, eat healthily and have a good attitude.

flu

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which has the characteristics of short incubation period, strong infectivity, rapid spread, etc., mainly manifested as acute onset, severe headache, chills, fever, body aches, fatigue and other symptoms, which are easy to cause outbreaks; High incidence in winter and spring, the whole population is susceptible, pregnant women, infants, the elderly and patients with chronic basic diseases are high-risk groups, and serious complications may occur.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccinate against influenza. Vaccinate against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications of vaccinators. The virus is easy to mutate, so it is recommended to vaccinate once a year, especially for the elderly, children, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, caregivers and medical staff.

2. Maintain good personal hygiene, wash your hands frequently and correctly, avoid dirty hands touching your eyes, nose and mouth, cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and wash your hands in time.

3. Reduce going to crowded places and wear masks scientifically.

4. Ventilation indoors to keep the air circulating.

5. Have a balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate rest to avoid excessive fatigue.

chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus, which occurs frequently in winter and spring. It is characterized by patches, papules, herpes and scabs on the skin and mucosa in batches with mild systemic symptoms. The incubation period is long, generally 14-16 days (ranging from 10-21 days) after exposure to the virus. From 1-2 days before the outbreak of chickenpox infection to the scab of the rash, the infected person is contagious. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory tract and direct contact. April-June and November-January are the high incidence seasons of chickenpox every year.

Children aged 1 -12 are susceptible, and chickenpox is highly contagious. About 90% of susceptible people will get sick after contacting patients, commonly known as "face-to-face transmission". Places where people gather, such as kindergartens and schools, are prone to outbreaks.

Guidelines for disease prevention

1. Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is the most economical and effective measure. Chickenpox vaccine is suitable for people who are susceptible to chickenpox at the age of 1 and above. Vaccination is recommended for school-age children and people with high exposure.

2. Nursery institutions, schools, etc. strictly implement the regulations on the management of infectious diseases, implement morning and afternoon check-ups, check the causes of absence due to illness, etc. Once suspicious patients are found, they should be disposed of in time, and standardized disinfection should be carried out on the items they have contacted.

3. Maintain good personal hygiene habits. Wash your hands frequently, eat a balanced diet, strengthen physical exercise, and try to avoid contact with patients with acute chickenpox.

4. Strengthen environmental ventilation. Closed public places and rooms should be ventilated frequently to keep indoor air circulation and clean environment.

5. Patients must be treated in isolation at an early stage until all herpes scabs or not less than two weeks after illness.

Qingyuan fafa editorial department

Original title: "Qingyuan CDC Reminder: Seven Infectious Diseases Need to be Focused on in April"

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