September 21st is the United Nations International Day of Peace. On September 19th, just two days before the International Peace Day, the "Contact Group on Ukraine" led by the United States held another meeting at the American military base in Ramstein, Germany. This is the 15th meeting of the group since its establishment one year ago, and the focus of discussion is still on strengthening military assistance to Ukraine. The United States says it will train Ukrainian pilots to fly F-16 fighters at home. Germany announced that it would add 400 million euros worth of military support to Ukraine to purchase ammunition, generators and other equipment. The Czech Republic, Denmark, the Netherlands and other countries have also indicated that they will further provide weapons to Ukraine.

In the face of western governments’ increasing military aid, European folks have made a completely different voice. During the week from September 18 to 24, 17 anti-war organizations in Germany joined forces to hold "Peace Week" activities in various parts of Germany to protest against the Western supply of weapons to Ukraine to ignite the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and demand an immediate ceasefire.

German people WolfgangWe are here (Berlin) demanding an immediate ceasefire. As pacifists, we oppose NATO and military means. Military means is not the solution to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict can only be resolved through diplomatic means.

The west may not be able to support Ukrainian ammunition demand.

Since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The United States and western countries have constantly promised that "as long as necessary, military aid to Ukraine will stick to the end." But can the United States and the West really do it?

The British "Economist" recently wrote that although these promises sound "like iron", it depends on two uncertain variables: first, whether the West has the ability to provide enough weapons and ammunition for the Ukrainian army, and second, whether the current political will can be sustained.

For the first point, the argument used by western media is that the total gross national product of NATO member countries is 12 times that of Russia, and its economic and military strength is far above that of Russia. But I’m afraid the fact is not as simple as the western imagination.

Estonian Defense Ministry official Cousty Salm pointed out that even in Estonia, where the production cost is relatively low, the cost of manufacturing each new shell is about 5,000 to 6,000 US dollars; The cost in Russia is only 60,000 rubles, or about 620 dollars. This wide cost gap makes the economic advantages of western countries disappear. At the recent annual meeting of NATO Chief of Staff, Admiral Rob Bauer, Chairman of NATO Military Committee, admitted that Ukraine’s long-term demand for weapons and ammunition exceeded NATO’s capacity, and the rising price of weapons and ammunition also increased the procurement cost.

Rob Bauer, Chairman of NATO Military CommitteeThe defense ministers expressed concern about the backward production capacity of the whole alliance. The delivery time of weapons is constantly delayed, and the prices of equipment and ammunition are rising. Now the exact same equipment is more and more expensive. Ukraine needs a huge amount of weapons and ammunition. This has been the case in previous wars, which is not new in itself. But the scale and usage of Ukraine exceed our production capacity.

In addition, the military equipment delivered by the West seems to be very problematic. Not long ago, Ukraine rejected 10 "Leopard" tanks delivered by Germany with great disgust, on the grounds that their "technical state is not ideal". Military experts said that the "Leopard -1" main battle tank was the technical level in the 1960s. The "Leopard -1A5" provided by Germany to Uzbekistan has been in service for a long time, and after a long period of storage, the stability of its technical state has been greatly reduced. In the eyes of outsiders, western military aid to Ukraine is more like taking the opportunity to consume its old weapons inventory.

The Russian-Ukrainian conflict spilled over, and the people opposed the continued aid to weapons.

On September 22nd, a research report released by the Swiss National Bank showed that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict slowed down the economic growth of the European Union and "substantially" pushed up the inflation of the whole Europe. In the medium and long term, the negative impact of this conflict on the real economy may be even greater. "In one to two years, this impact may increase by about two times." Among them, Germany is the most affected.

As the largest economy in Europe, Germany has gone into recession because of the energy crisis caused by sanctions against Russia with the United States and the protectionist policy of its allies making huge war money. The economic forecast report released by the European Union this month shows that Germany’s economy will shrink by 0.4% this year, making it the only country with negative economic growth among the big EU countries. Hong Ke, a member of the German Bundestag, said that Germany’s traditional economic development model has been destroyed.

German left-wing MP HongkeThis is mainly because of economic sanctions, sanctions on energy, natural gas and oil, and Germany needs a lot of energy. Germany’s economic model is a combination of cheap energy, highly skilled workers and exports. Now Germany has blocked the cheap natural gas and oil from Russia, which need to be bought at a very expensive price in the world market, such as shale gas from the United States. This has a very serious impact on the German economy.

On the other hand, the protracted conflict has made people more and more disgusted. Gunnar Lin Deman, a member of the Berlin Regional Council, said that the German people paid three times the price for this war. At the same time, the German people are increasingly worried that the war may spread to themselves. From the initial field hospitals, to the "Leopard" tanks, and then to the Patriot missile system, the weapons provided by Germany to Ukraine have gradually escalated, causing public concern.

According to a recent survey, more than half of the German people are opposed to providing "Taurus" cruise missiles to Ukraine. German parliamentarian Hongke said that with the escalation of the war, the people’s attitude towards assisting Ukraine with weapons has changed.

German left-wing MP HongkeI am totally opposed to providing any weapons, especially more and more advanced weapons. Taurus is a cruise missile with a range of 500 kilometers. Now this topic has caused a heated discussion among the German public, and most Germans are obviously opposed. People’s attitude towards the delivery of weapons has changed, which was not the case before. Now people find that as long as more weapons are delivered, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine will be endless.

If there is any change in the United States, the European Union will be afraid of being alone

In addition to Germany, more and more countries find that the longer the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the more difficult it is to protect their own interests. Poland, Ukraine’s "staunchest" ally, has loosened its position. The Polish Prime Minister said on the 20th that Poland will no longer provide weapons to Ukraine, but instead focus on increasing its own weapons inventory. The reason for all this is that the European Union has lifted the ban on the sale of Ukrainian agricultural products, and Ukrainian food has flooded into the EU, with neighboring Poland bearing the brunt.

However, the biggest variable is still in the United States. Next year is an election year in the United States, and aid to Ukraine is rapidly becoming a focus issue. The Republican Party of the United States has gradually begun to question the necessity of aid to Ukraine, and some Democrats believe that European allies should be "more active."

The British "Economist" reported that if the United States terminates its support for Ukraine, it will be difficult for Europe to raise enough cash and weapons to arm Ukraine alone.

Producer: Jiang Qiuyong

Editor Liang Mao

Reporter Yu Peng

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel. The following is a summary of the research report: On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration publicized the pilot application of biodiesel in China.

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel.

The following is a summary of the research report:

On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of National Energy Administration publicized the pilot project of domestic biodiesel promotion and application.

Guoxin Chemical’s viewpoint:

1) Promoting the application of biodiesel in China is helpful for recycling waste and accelerating the green and low-carbon energy transformation. Biodiesel is a kind of renewable energy produced from waste oil and other biomass, and it is an internationally recognized green and clean fuel. In September 2023, the National Energy Administration organized an on-site meeting on the pilot project of biodiesel promotion and application in Shanghai; In November 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the Pilot Demonstration of Biodiesel Popularization and Application, and organized the pilot application and review of biodiesel popularization and application; In April, 2024, the National Energy Administration announced 22 pilot projects for the popularization and application of biodiesel, including 19 cities/districts, as well as China Ship Fuel Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Fuel Oil Sales Co., Ltd. and Shandong Expressway Group.

2) The content of the pilot demonstration is diverse, which accumulates experience for continuing to expand the popularization and application of biodiesel in China. Biodiesel pilot demonstration includes vehicle biodiesel, marine biodiesel and others. The pilot demonstration of vehicle biodiesel includes regional popularization and application, industry popularization and application, enterprise popularization and application, and expressway popularization and application; The pilot demonstration of marine biodiesel includes the promotion and application of bonded areas and free trade zones, and the promotion and application of rivers and lakes. Governments and enterprises at all levels have further expanded the application scenarios of biodiesel in China by carrying out pilot demonstrations on the promotion and application of various types of biodiesel, and accumulated experience for continuing to expand the promotion and application of green liquid fuels such as biodiesel.

3) In 2023, the EU initiated the review of biodiesel for many times. In 2023, domestic biodiesel production declined and exports were under pressure. In April 2023, ISCC initiated the review of biodiesel certification enterprises in China; In August, 2023, the European Commission launched an anti-circumvention investigation on biodiesel originating in Indonesia and exported to Europe via China and Britain. On December 20th, 2023, the European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on biodiesel products originating in China, and it is expected that a preliminary ruling will be made 7-8 months after the case is filed. According to Zhuo Chuang Information, the domestic biodiesel production in 2023 was 857,000 tons, down 33.5% year-on-year; Exports were 1.95 million tons, up 8.7% year-on-year, of which 1.867 million tons were exported to European countries, accounting for 95.7%, but 775,000 tons were exported in the second half of the year, down 34.0% from the first half.

4) Domestic pilot application will help boost domestic demand for biodiesel, so we need to pay attention to the specific implementation of the government and enterprises in the future. From the government’s point of view, it is an effective way to help realize the goal of "double carbon" to carry out pilot demonstration of biodiesel popularization and application; From the enterprise’s point of view, it is imperative to actively expand the domestic demand for biodiesel in the current situation of weak export demand and price to the EU. From the price point of view, the current domestic biodiesel price is 6800-7000 yuan/ton, while the current market price of 0# diesel is 7700-7800 yuan/ton (including tax), so biodiesel is more cost-effective in the short term. However, according to the promotion and application of B5 biodiesel in Shanghai, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Shanghai Development and Reform Commission arranged a subsidy fund of 41.86 million yuan for biodiesel production from kitchen waste oil. We expect that the subsidy amount per ton of biodiesel will be around 1000 yuan. Although the prices of biodiesel and diesel oil are upside down at present, the prices of refined oil are relatively high, and the profitability of biodiesel is limited. Therefore, it is still necessary to pay attention to the specific implementation of biodiesel promotion by the government and enterprises in the future.

5) Investment suggestion: It is suggested to pay attention to Zhuoyue Xinneng, the leader of domestic biodiesel industry. At present, the company’s biodiesel production capacity is 500,000 tons, and the bio-based materials production capacity is 90,000 tons.

Risk warning: the risk of a sharp drop in the price of biodiesel, the risk that the demand for biodiesel in the EU is less than expected, and the risk of changes in biodiesel policies in the EU and China. (Guosen Securities Yang Lin, Xue Cong)

[Editor: Xiao Jie]

Many friends know that the engine oil needs to be changed when the vehicle is maintained, but many people don’t know what the function of engine oil is and how to choose engine oil. Today, Xiao Jia will introduce you to the knowledge about engine oil!

Automobile lubricating oil can be generally divided into three types because of its different functions: engine oil, gearbox and differential oil, and grease (butter). The most common thing in vehicle maintenance is to change the engine oil.

Engine oil has five functions.

Lubrication function: the function of engine oil is to fill and lubricate the surfaces of moving parts and reduce the friction between moving parts. Its working principle is: the engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts, and an oil film is formed on the two friction surfaces to separate them, thus reducing the contact surface between moving parts, thus reducing wear and prolonging the service life of parts. There is surface friction between piston and cylinder, crank-connecting rod mechanism, cam valve train, gear rotating mechanism, etc., which must be lubricated by engine oil to ensure normal working conditions.

Cooling function: engine oil can bring back part of the heat generated between the rotating parts of the engine to the oil pan, and achieve the cooling effect through the oil pan wall. Some engines are also equipped with special engine oil radiators to achieve better cooling effect, so as to ensure the normal temperature between the rotating parts of the engine and keep the engine in normal working condition for a long time.

Sealing function: The engine oil also has a sealing function. For example, the engine piston ring and the cylinder wall are filled with engine oil, so that the contact surface and the gap have both a lubricating function and a sealing function, so that the piston can reduce air leakage when inhaling and compressing, and ensure the normal working compression ratio. If the piston ring and cylinder wall are worn, the sealing effect of engine oil can be improved by adjusting the viscosity of engine oil or adding engine oil additives, thus improving the working condition of the engine.

Cleaning function: The engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts of various parts for lubrication and heat dissipation. At the same time, it can also wash and clean the rotating working surface of the parts, bring the dust particles entering the engine and the garbage generated by the work to the oil pan, and keep the engine parts, rotating working surface and oil passage clean and smooth through the oil collection net and oil filter, thus ensuring the normal operation of the engine.

Rust-proof function: The working environment of the engine is complicated, and the climate change in spring, summer, autumn and winter will easily cause the metal parts to rust and deform, which will affect the normal operation of the engine and shorten its service life. The oil is pressurized by the oil pump and supplied to all parts and metal surfaces through the oil passage to form an oil film to isolate the air, which can prevent the metal surface from oxidation and rust and improve the service life of the engine.

If the engine is likened to the heart of a car, then the engine oil is the blood of the engine, which is a necessary condition to ensure the normal operation of the engine. Understanding the knowledge of engine oil, correctly selecting and using engine oil, and regularly replacing and maintaining it are very important to ensure the normal operation of the engine and prolong its service life.

More car maintenance tips

Please pay attention to Monday to Friday at 17:00.

Jiading China National Radio

FM 100.3 MHz "Where to Go After Work" program

Written by Yang Chen, video.

Editor: Wang Lihui, Wu Lirong

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] German Chancellor Angela Scholz visited the White House on the 3rd local time to hold talks with US President Biden. The visit was not accompanied by any media, business delegations and cabinet ministers, and no joint press conference was held after the talks between the two sides. The media have questioned what is hidden behind this "mysterious visit". Some analysts believe that Germany and Germany are full of contradictions on issues such as aid to Ukrainian tanks, the explosion of the "Beixi" natural gas pipeline and the US Inflation Reduction Act, which is full of protectionism. However, as the "younger brother" of the United States, German leaders can do nothing about it. Germany’s "Star" magazine recently published a cover article saying that "Big Brother is back". The cover cartoon shows Biden holding Scholz, who is only half as tall, while the latter looks up at Big Brother.

　　Leave it to the public for only four minutes

　　"Mysterious visit", DPA said on the 4th that Scholz held talks with Biden at the White House on Friday, but this meeting only gave the public four minutes to observe. In his public appearance before the talks, Scholz said in English, "I really appreciate the good cooperation between us" and the transatlantic partnership is "in a very good state". Biden praised Scholz’s "strong leadership" and support for Ukraine, and said that the two countries would "help Ukraine with Qi Xin" and "keep pace in all aspects".

　　Then the two began to talk behind closed doors. The report questioned that the talks were "too mysterious". There were no consultants and recordings for the talks between the two sides, and there was no joint press conference after the talks. The report also complained that Biden ignored Berlin in his previous "trip to Europe". Biden visited Ukraine and Poland a few days ago and only made a short stop at Ramstein Air Force Base in Germany. On the contrary, this is Scholz’s second visit to Washington since he took office.

　　The Associated Press quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that the meeting between Biden and Scholz lasted for more than an hour, and the focus of the discussion was to continue to promote "global assistance to Ukraine". However, even Scholz’s senior advisers were not allowed to attend the talks. When their talks ended, Biden said half jokingly that they "solved all the problems in the world". However, the official statement issued by the two countries after the meeting hardly provided more details of the talks, and did not disclose any possible agreements or plans.

　　The secret visit and talks angered the German opposition. German CDU leader Mertz questioned in an interview with "German Editorial Network" on the 4th: "No one in our parliament and the German public knows the contents of this visit." He accused Scholz of keeping his Washington trip secret, which was "unconventional".

　　The New York Times said that there is growing opposition in the United States and Germany to aid Ukraine, and Scholz and Biden are also facing the upcoming general election (German parliamentary elections will be held in 2025). Jens, a senior researcher at the German Marshall Foundation, said that in terms of the long-term sustainability of political support, both of them face great resistance. For domestic political purposes, they need each other.

　　German-American relations are frequently questioned.

　　Although Biden called virtue "in step with all aspects", many analysts believe that there are many practical contradictions between virtues on many issues. CNN said that in the two countries, the voice against providing military assistance to Kiev is becoming louder and louder. Therefore, although the two sides announced that they would provide main battle tanks to Ukraine, they still shirked the relevant details. Not long ago, Sullivan, Assistant to the President of the United States for National Security Affairs, claimed that the United States agreed to deliver M1 main battle tanks to Ukraine under the "hard pressure" of Germany. The American statement angered Germany. The german government immediately refuted the us statement. At the Munich security conference not long ago, German Defense Minister pistorius complained without name that "some countries prefer to hide behind Germany" when it comes to tank aid.

　　The explosion of the Russian-European "Beixi" natural gas pipeline in September last year is another point of disagreement between the United States and Germany. Before Scholz’s visit to the United States, a number of German lawmakers demanded that Scholz should take tough words against the United States when meeting Biden. However, judging from the public information, the talks did not mention the "Beixi" incident. "Russia Today" TV station said that the German government remained silent half a year after the incident. "The vassal position of the United States does not allow Berlin to talk about who is behind the scenes, and Germany’s foreign policy is completely locked in the track of Washington", which will make "Germany’s future into a dead end".

　　In addition, Biden signed the "Inflation Reduction Act" last year, and its protectionist provisions dealt a serious blow to the automobile industry in Germany and other European countries. Agence France-Presse said that Germany-US relations are relatively close (closer than France-US relations) because of its heavy dependence on NATO and US military protection. But in fact, relations between the two countries have fluctuated recently. For example, the US Inflation Reduction Act heavily subsidized the green industry, which triggered a strong rebound in Germany, but was ignored by Washington.

　　Before the talks, White House officials said that the China issue was also one of the topics of the talks. However, during this visit, Scholz avoided the topic of China. "Deutsche Welle" said that Germany is still waiting to see that China is Germany’s most important trading partner, and the idea of losing business in China will "cause German manufacturers to worry about their survival".

　　"Big Brother is back."

　　Tsargrad TV station in Russia said that at present, the political and military prestige of the West is in jeopardy, and the Western people are increasingly dissatisfied with the government’s practice of arching fire. Due to lack of confidence in France, Britain’s economic situation is difficult and it is no longer a member of the European Union. The United States hopes that Germany will play a key role in mobilizing the European Union against Russia and China. According to the report, judging from the brief press release issued by the two sides after the talks, Scholz showed its "loyalty to Washington as a vassal country. Americans know how to treat weak politicians and obedient countries. "

　　"Big Brother is back", the cover article of the latest issue of German "Star" magazine reported on this topic. For Scholz, "Fortunately, there is Biden — — We can count on the United States again in the conflicts with Russia and China. ".

　　Volodin, chairman of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament), wrote on social media on the same day, according to a report by RIA Novosti on the 5th: "The United States once again shows that its basic policy principle is to use other countries to realize its own interests. The United States forced European countries to support the Kiev regime at the expense of their citizens’ welfare, but their own expenses were much less than those of other countries. " He said that the United States spent only 0.37% of its GDP on supporting Ukraine, while Poland spent 2.1% of its GDP. In addition, EU countries have paid an extra price for anti-Russian sanctions, which has affected the national economy. The loss of energy in European countries is about 570 billion euros, and the loss in Germany accounts for 7.2% of GDP.

????On April 20, 1994, China realized full-function connection with the Internet, thus opening the Internet era. These Internet-related pictures, no matter big or small, make us feel that the Internet has profoundly changed the lives of China people in the past 20 years.

????In 1996, a round of home computer craze rose in Shanghai. According to the survey at that time, the penetration rate of home computers in the city reached 5‰, 486 microcomputers were common, 586 microcomputers began to enter families, and a few families were connected to the Internet. Zhang Jianmin (left) is the general representative of a foreign company in Shanghai. His personal computer is connected to the international network. Every day after work, he sits at home and keeps in touch with foreign companies quickly and conveniently (photo taken in 1996).Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Mingshe

????During the "May 1" holiday, netizens surfed the Internet in Chongqing Reader Club (photo taken in May 2001). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Hengyi photo

????On April 17th, 2004, a player in Beijing Division of China E-sports Games waved excitedly to the audience after scoring a goal in the FIFA football match. On the same day, the first China E-sports Games (CEG for short) was held simultaneously in Beijing, Changsha, Wuhan and Xi ‘an. Xinhua news agency

????On April 11th, 2006, the staff of Baidu Company introduced the signature wall of Baidu employees. In August, 2005, Baidu went public on NASDAQ, setting a record of the highest increase in the IPO of NASDAQ in the five years since the Internet bubble in 2000. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Shilei photo

　　Who is responsible for the traffic accident on the way to work? Similar problems still plague many "riders". Recently, Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. lost a lawsuit in a motor vehicle traffic accident liability dispute trial, which caused more than 20,000 yuan to the plaintiff in traffic accident compensation, and was also recognized as "having a labor relationship with the courier". However, in the cooperation agreement signed between the courier and the company, Tongcheng Bing Company still defines the business model of "platform+individual" as "business cooperation relationship", which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations. To this end, many couriers have questioned whether such a cooperation agreement is reasonable and legal.

　

　　◎ Text/Figure Shandong Business Daily Su Bao News Network reporter Sun Wei Li Yuxin

　

　

A courier on the streets of Jinan

　

　　After the flash was awarded more than 20 thousand yuan, the plaintiff dropped the lawsuit

　

　　A few days ago, a civil judgment issued by the Dongcheng District People’s Court in Beijing showed that on March 25, 2021, a traffic accident occurred between the citizen He Mou and the flash driver Li Mou, causing the plaintiff He Mou to be injured and the contact part of the vehicle damaged. The traffic management department determined that Li, the flasher, was fully responsible for the accident, and He sued Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd., the company to which the flasher belongs, for compensation.

　　In this regard, the same city Bing Company argued that there was no employment relationship with the flasher Li. However, after the court heard the case, it was determined that the company had an employment relationship with the courier Li, and the same city Bing was sentenced to pay He 20,770 yuan.

　　However, Bing Company in the same city appealed the verdict again last month. According to the judgment document of the second instance published on March 8, after the appeal of the same city Bing Company, the plaintiff He Mou applied to the court to withdraw the prosecution. As for the reasons for withdrawing the lawsuit, the reporter sent a letter to consult the Flash Brand Department, but as of press time, he did not receive a reply.

　

　　Flash delivery has been listed as the person subjected to execution for many times due to accident disputes.

　

　　The reporter found out that this kind of traffic accident liability dispute has become the main legal risk of Bing Company in the same city. Sky Eye Survey shows that the top three cases in the company are motor vehicle traffic accident liability disputes (95 cases), labor disputes (37 cases), and disputes over life, health and body rights (31 cases). In the first three months of this year alone, there were 19 court announcements or civil judgments issued by Tongcheng Bing Company.

　　It is noteworthy that Tongcheng Bing was listed as the executor by the local court several times. Eye-catching investigation shows that Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. was enforced by the court seven times for failing to fulfill its legal obligations on time, at least four of which involved traffic accident liability disputes of flashers.

　　In August last year, the flasher Jiao Mou collided with the plaintiff, and the same city Bing Company proposed to recognize Jiao Mou’s accident in the process of sending "flashover" and agreed to bear the losses within a reasonable range of the plaintiff. The Chaoyang District People’s Court of Beijing ruled that Jiao and Bing Company in the same city jointly bear more than 5,000 yuan in compensation. However, on December 13, 2021, Tongcheng Bing Company and Jiao Mou failed to fulfill their legal obligations and were listed as executors with an execution target of 5,304 yuan.

　

　　Regarding the determination of the labor relationship of the "flash worker", Flash once replied to our reporter in September 2020 that the legal relationship between the flash worker and the platform is still inconclusive at the legal level, and the current effective judgments all determine that there is no labor relationship. However, after a year and a half, now looking at the trend of court decisions, it seems that the company can no longer easily "throw the pot".

　

　　Cooperation agreement can not avoid the identification of labor relations.

　

　　The reporter learned from the mouth of the courier that the basis for the "throwing pot" of the courier comes from the "Cooperation Agreement" signed between the courier and the platform. The agreement stipulates that the platform and the courier establish a business cooperation relationship, and there is no labor relationship between the employer and the laborer, which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations.　　　

　　In this regard, many flashers openly questioned on the platforms such as Post Bar and Zhihu, emphasizing that the company needs to purchase specified equipment for single quantity assessment, which obviously goes beyond the so-called "cooperative relationship".

　　Is such a "cooperation agreement" reasonable and legal? Ma Sicheng, a lawyer of Shanghai Duanhe Duan (Jinan) Law Firm, said: The cooperation agreement does not conform to the provisions of the labor law. Now the legal judgment on such issues is in a transitional period and cannot be treated with a fixed eye. However, common problems such as injuries caused by riders, whether it is labor relations or labour relation, should be borne by the platform. At present, the people’s courts judge similar cases by using the legal provisions that laborers cause damage to people and providers cause damage to third parties.

　　At the National People’s Congress in 2022, Pi Jianlong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of Beijing Jintai Law Firm, pointed out in the proposal that the development of flexible employment and platform employment deformed the original "standard labor relations" and led to the establishment of multiple labor relations. In July, 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other eight departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms, but Pi Jianlong pointed out that the Guiding Opinions are policy norms and are not legally mandatory. It is necessary to further determine the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new formats in law and give them "strong protection" in the labor law.

　　Man made glass more than 5000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 3000 BC, people have made some small handicrafts such as amulets and beads with glass.

　　By around 1500 BC, people’s skills in making glass were becoming more and more mature, and the first glass container appeared in human history. The ancient Egyptians also mastered the technology of coloring glass. They know that adding copper powder to glass can make red glass, adding cobalt powder can make blue glass, and adding tin powder can make white glass … These colored glasses are used by some unscrupulous businessmen to pretend to be jewelry, deceiving many people.

　　In the 1st century BC, Syrians invented the technology of blowing glass. With this technology, making glass becomes simple, fast and cheap. Since then, the glass industry has flourished in the Roman Empire and quickly spread to other countries under the rule of the Roman Empire.

　　Around the 1st century A.D., the Romans discovered that adding a proper amount of manganese dioxide to glass could make colorless glass, so they began to make windows out of glass and install them on buildings. Although the optical performance of glass at that time was very poor, glass windows were still "standard" for buildings in Rome, Pompeii and other places.

　　In the 8th century, Venice concentrated a large number of glass workers and became the glass manufacturing center at that time. Later, with the progress of science and art, people "played" more tricks, such as dyeing paint on glass and drawing colorful patterns. Many churches we see now have stained glass windows, which is the architectural style left over at that time.

　　In the mid-15th century, a glass worker in Venice invented a new type of super transparent glass. Soon, this new type of glass was used to make telescopes, thermometers, flasks, microscopes and other scientific instruments, which led to many important scientific discoveries.

　　Around the 18th century, the glass manufacturing center in Europe moved from Venice to Britain. At that time, the output of British glass factories was very high. At one time, the British government would levy taxes based on the number of windows in each house, on the grounds that wealthy families would install more windows, and of course they should pay more taxes. However, "there are policies above and countermeasures below", and many families simply blocked the windows in order to avoid paying taxes-this story shows that the use of glass was quite common in Britain at that time.

　　Since the industrial revolution, steel and glass have become important building materials for modern architecture. In 1851, Britain built a "Crystal Palace", which only used steel and glass. This miraculous building was also the exhibition hall of the first World Expo in London. In 1950s, a German architect innovatively covered the facade of the building with a layer of glass, which made the appearance of the building look unprecedented. This innovative design can be successful, on the one hand, because there is a reinforced frame inside the modern building, and the facade does not need to bear the weight of the whole building; On the other hand, because the strength of glass has become higher. So many skyscrapers we see now have glass facades.

　　Nowadays, scientists and engineers have developed a variety of glasses, which have important uses in many fields. For example, there is a kind of glass that can quickly transmit network information, that is, optical cable, which is filled with thousands of glasses as thin as hair, in which communication signals shuttle in the form of light and quickly transmit information to all parts of the world.

　　Sand and glass

　　The main component of glass is silica, that is, Shi Ying, which is one of the most common minerals on the earth. The sand that can be seen everywhere is actually a small particle in Shi Ying. When Shi Ying is heated to 1400℃, it will melt, then become soft and become a transparent, viscous liquid-then it will be cooled and shaped, and then the glass will be finished.

　　How did sand become glass?

　　On the atomic scale, silicon dioxide is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and they are arranged in order in Shi Ying. For example, a group of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are neatly arranged to form a "queue" with specific arrangement rules, and the whole "queue" is Shi Ying particles. A structure like this, which consists of a large number of microscopic substance units (such as atoms and ions) arranged in an orderly manner according to certain rules, is called a crystal.

　　After Shi Ying melted, its internal crystal structure was destroyed, or the original "queue" was disrupted, and silicon atoms and oxygen atoms began to "run" freely, making Shi Ying change from solid to liquid. Of course, if the liquid Shi Ying can be cooled quickly, the crystal structure will be re-formed, just like the silicon atoms and oxygen atoms that "run" at will "stand" in the original position in the queue again.

　　However, if the cooling speed is too fast, so that silicon atoms and oxygen atoms can’t return to their original positions, then they can only be condensed in their current positions. Therefore, the final glass is like a snapshot of liquid Shi Ying. Scientists have a special name for this state of solid, called "amorphous solid", which means that this kind of solid is different from crystal, and there is no orderly arrangement rule in its internal structure.

　　Why is glass transparent?

　　We can’t go straight through the glass, but our eyes can see the objects on the other side through the glass. Why?

　　We can see an object because the light is reflected or scattered after it reaches this object, which makes some light enter our eyes and let us see the shape and color of the object. Only a part of light energy is received by our eyes, and the rest is absorbed or intercepted by objects.

　　How much light an object can intercept depends on the kind of molecules or atoms that make it up.

　　Most of the atoms in the glass don’t intercept light, and almost all the light that reaches the glass can be received by the eyes (glass can intercept ultraviolet light, but our eyes can’t see ultraviolet light). In addition, glass is not crystal, and there is no edge edge edge of crystal structure inside, so it will not scatter light. So, when the light reaches the glass, it will go straight through without changing its direction.

　　However, if a piece of glass is slightly thicker in some places, the propagation path of light will be bent, which is the working principle of a prism.

This article is from Science Illustrated.

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BMW i4 stands out with its unique front face design and dynamic lines. Its air intake grille adopts a closed design, which shows its pure electric identity without losing the iconic characteristics of the BMW family. On the whole, the exterior style of BMW i4 is both sporty and scientific, which is impressive.

The length, width and height of BMW i4 are 4785mm, 1852mm and 1455mm respectively, and the wheelbase reaches 2856mm. The side lines of the car body are smooth and matched with 18-inch rims, in which the front wheel tyre size is 245/45 R18 and the rear wheel tyre size is 255/45 R18, which further enhances the sense of movement and handling performance of the car.

The interior style of BMW i4 is full of modern technology and luxury atmosphere. The center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch high-definition touch screen, which integrates multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air-conditioning voice recognition control system, making it easy to operate. The steering wheel is made of leather, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up, down and forward to meet the needs of different drivers. There are multiple USB and Type-C interfaces in the car, two in the front row and two in the back row. At the same time, the front row is also equipped with wireless mobile phone charging function, which provides convenience for passengers. In terms of seats, both the driver’s and driver’s seats support multi-directional adjustment, including front and rear, backrest, height, leg rest and lumbar support, and the front seats have heating function. The seat material of BMW i4 is rich, and you can choose imitation leather, genuine leather or fabric/suede materials to meet the individual needs of different consumers. In addition, the driver’s seat also has an electric seat memory function, which improves the driving experience. The rear seats support proportional tilting, which further enhances the practicability of the vehicle.

BMW i4 is equipped with a high-performance motor with a maximum power of 250 kW and a maximum torque of 430 Nm, which provides excellent power performance for drivers.

According to the owner’s evaluation, the design of BMW i4 is really impressive. He said: "The configuration parameters of Series I’s 3, 5 and X3 are almost the same, except that the shell has been changed. I want to buy I4 for more than 100,000 yuan. Of course, it is still imported, and there is no need to do such a thing as buying it home. At first glance, the big nostrils are not mediocre. When I drive out, people are guessing at 600,000. I am sorry. " This design and personalized configuration make the BMW i4 a unique model, which not only satisfies the owner’s pursuit of face value, but also brings full pride.

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BMW i4 adopts a unique front face design, and its kidney-shaped air intake grille is endowed with new life, which combines the futuristic feeling of electric vehicles with BMW’s traditional aesthetics. The enclosed design of the grille not only shows its status as an electric vehicle, but also effectively reduces the air resistance and improves the energy efficiency of the vehicle. The body lines are smooth, and the waistline on the side of the body extends from the front fender to the rear of the car, creating a dynamic visual effect. The rear part is mainly based on concise design language, and the slender LED taillight group echoes the light group at the front, and at the same time enhances the overall recognition of the vehicle. The exterior design of BMW i4 not only embodies the cutting-edge technology of electric vehicles, but also retains the consistent sports style and luxury temperament of BMW brand.

The side lines of BMW i4 are smooth and dynamic, with a body size of 4785 * 1852 * 1455mm and a wheelbase of 2856mm. The front tread is 1601 mm and the rear tread is 1630 mm, which ensures the stability and handling of the vehicle at high speed. In addition, it is equipped with 18-inch wheels with 245/45 R18 front tires and 255/45 R18 rear tires, which further enhances the vehicle’s grip and driving experience.

The interior design of BMW i4 shows the perfect combination of luxury and technology. The center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch super-large touch screen, which is easy to operate and has excellent display effect. Drivers can use the voice recognition control system to easily control the multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, which greatly improves the convenience and comfort of driving. The steering wheel is made of high-quality leather, which provides a good grip and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet the needs of different drivers. In addition, the front row is also equipped with a mobile phone wireless charging function, which is convenient for drivers to charge their mobile phones at any time. In terms of seats, BMW i4 offers a variety of choices, including imitation leather, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mixed materials. The main and auxiliary seats all support a number of electric adjustments, including front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment, leg rest adjustment and lumbar support, ensuring the comfort of long-term driving. The front seats also have a heating function, which further enhances the driving experience. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing more storage space.

The engine of BMW i4 has a maximum power of 210 kW and a maximum torque of 400 Nm, which provides strong power performance for the vehicle.

The owner of car home said that he chose the BMW i4 mainly because of its unique design and personalized style. He thought that the 3, 5 and X3 of the I series were almost the same in configuration parameters, but the shells were different. Therefore, he is willing to spend more than 100,000 yuan to buy the BMW i4 to show its unique charm. In addition, he also pointed out that the BMW i4 is an imported model, and there is no need to change the logo after purchase. He mentioned that the design of BMW i4′ s big nostrils makes the vehicle look extraordinary. When he drives this car, people always guess that its price is around 600,000, which makes him feel a little embarrassed.