In order to implement2017Central Committee inoneDocument No.1, National Agricultural Modernization Plan (2016—2020) and the implementation opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and give full play to the basic and leading role of crop varieties in promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side. We are hereby notified as follows to speed up the new round of crop variety upgrading.

First, fully understand the importance and urgency of carrying out a new round of crop variety upgrading.

Excellent varieties are the core carrier of agricultural science and technology, and every breakthrough in varieties has promoted the leap-forward development of agricultural production. Since the founding of New China, crop varieties have experiencedseven?eightThe coverage rate of improved varieties of crops has reached.96%The contribution rate of varieties to agricultural production increase exceeds43%. The upgrading of fine varieties has made outstanding contributions to ensuring national food security, promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers’ income. At present, China’s agricultural and rural development has entered a new historical stage, which puts forward new requirements for crop varieties. Seed industry is the leading industry in the structural reform of agricultural supply side and the development of modern agriculture, and it is of great significance to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.

(1) To further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.The structural reform of agricultural supply side puts forward new requirements for stabilizing grain production, promoting structural adjustment and promoting green development. According to the planting structure adjustment layout of stabilizing grain, optimizing economy and expanding feeding, promoting structural adjustment in the "sickle bend" area and the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, accelerating the development of advantageous industries and vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, a number of new varieties with green ecology, high quality and safety, special features, high yield and high efficiency are urgently needed. However, for a long time, the problem of "more high-yield varieties, less high-quality special varieties, more food crops, less cash crops, more resource-consuming varieties and less resource-saving varieties" in China’s crop varieties has been unable to adapt to the new situation of structural reform on the agricultural supply side, and it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.

(B) vigorously develop modern agriculture, there is an urgent need to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.At present, the acceleration of rural labor transfer, the tightening of resource and environment constraints, and the frequent occurrence of natural climate disasters have seriously restricted the development of agricultural production. It is very urgent to change the mode of agricultural development and develop modern agriculture. Developing agriculture with moderate scale operation and high efficiency also puts forward new requirements for varieties. At present, most of the varieties promoted are varieties suitable for labor-intensive production, high water, fertilizer and medicine management and popularization, which are inconsistent with the requirements of developing modern agriculture. It is urgent to cultivate and promote a number of new varieties suitable for mechanized production, light and simplified cultivation, multi-resistance and wide adaptability, high quality and safety, and special and special use.

(C) To enhance the competitiveness of seed industry, it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.At present, the international seed giants are accelerating their integration, and the trend of global seed resources and market monopoly is intensifying. However, the problem of homogenization of crop varieties and disconnection from the market in China is more prominent and lacks international competitiveness. The structural reform of agricultural supply side and the development of modern agriculture provide unprecedented market space for the development of seed industry, which is conducive to establishing a variety innovation system with enterprises as the main body, accelerating the integration of seed industry resources and markets, promoting enterprises to become bigger and stronger, enhancing the competitiveness of seed industry and ensuring the safety of seeds used in agricultural production.

Two, clear the general idea and principle of the new round of crop variety upgrading.

(A) the overall thinking

We must adhere to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, closely focus on promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side, aim at optimizing supply, improving quality and efficiency, and increasing farmers’ income, take green development as the guide, take reform and innovation as the driving force, start from the production side and supply side, innovate the system and mechanism, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, and give full play to the basic public welfare R&D advantages of scientific research units. Work together to build a two-wheel drive modern seed industry innovation system, accelerate the cultivation and promotion of a number of new varieties with green ecology, high quality and safety, multi-resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high efficiency, and special use, and accelerate the new round of crop variety upgrading.

Strive to complete a new round of crop variety upgrading by the end of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", and the coverage rate of improved varieties will reach.ninety-seven percentAbove, the contribution rate of varieties to agricultural quality improvement and efficiency improvement exceeds50%. Among them, the variety replacement rate of rice, wheat and corn grain production functional areas exceeded60%; The variety renewal rate of soybean, cotton, rapeseed, sugar cane, natural rubber and other important agricultural products production protection areas exceeds40%; The variety renewal rate of dominant areas of characteristic agricultural products such as miscellaneous grains, miscellaneous beans, vegetables, fruits, tea, flowers and Chinese herbal medicines exceedsthirty percent. On the basis of existing varieties, the quality rate of varieties should be improved.10%Above; The drought resistance and water use efficiency of varieties are obviously improved, and water is saved.5%Above; The fertilizer requirement is obviously reduced, and the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced.10%Above; The disease resistance and insect resistance are obviously enhanced, and the dosage of pesticides is reduced.15%Above.

(2) Basic principles

Adhere to market orientation.To speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading, seed enterprises and scientific research and teaching units should start with the final decision, scientifically determine breeding objectives according to market needs, and accelerate variety innovation; Agricultural authorities at all levels and seed management institutions should take market demand as the guide, constantly reform and improve various management systems such as variety approval, filing and registration, innovate working mechanisms, and provide quality services for variety innovation and promotion.

Adhere to the main body of enterprises.It is necessary to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading with enterprises as the main body, and give full play to the main role of enterprises in variety innovation, achievement transformation, demonstration and promotion and industrial development by integrating resources in all aspects of education, reproduction, promotion and marketing.

Adhere to independent innovation.Give full play to the advantages of China as a big country in agricultural germplasm resources, make good use of two kinds of resources and two markets at home and abroad, give priority to independent innovation, supplemented by introduction, continuously improve the innovation ability and level of varieties, and ensure the safety and quality of varieties used for upgrading.

Adhere to government guidance.Give full play to the role of the government in planning and layout, policy support, finance and insurance, strengthen variety management, demonstration and promotion, seed market supervision and intellectual property protection, and create a healthy and orderly environment for variety upgrading.

Third, the key tasks of the new round of crop variety upgrading

(a) deepen the joint research of major scientific research on improved varieties and accelerate the cultivation of new varieties.While continuing to deepen the joint research on national-level improved varieties focusing on food crops such as rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, all localities should actively promote the joint research on provincial-level improved varieties focusing on cash crops and local specialty crops. It is necessary to constantly explore and innovate the joint research mechanism, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises, give full play to the advantages of enterprises in operating mechanism and capital scale, as well as the advantages of scientific research institutions and universities in resources and talents. Through enterprises’ integration of resources in seed industry, we will open up the whole industry chain of basic theoretical and technological research, germplasm resources mining, breeding material creation, variety selection, seed production and management, improved seed demonstration and promotion, technical services and product transformation, and establish a modern seed industry innovation system combining Industry-University-Research.

(2) Optimize the management of crop varieties and accelerate the commercialization of new varieties.We should emancipate our minds, change our concepts, shift the management focus from pre-licensing to post-event supervision, set up more road signs and fewer roadblocks, so as to standardize the market order and stimulate market vitality. The national and provincial variety approval committees should adjust the index system and standards of variety approval in a timely manner according to market needs and encourage variety innovation; It is necessary to continuously broaden the variety test channels and standardize the management of consortium test and green channel test; It is necessary to optimize the examination and approval procedures and improve the examination and approval efficiency; It is necessary to actively and scientifically carry out the introduction and filing of the same ecological area and accelerate the promotion of excellent varieties. It is necessary to implement the registration system for non-major crop varieties, do a good job in the registration of crop varieties such as miscellaneous grains, beans, melons, fruits and vegetables, tea, etc., standardize the management of dominant and characteristic crop varieties, and promote the healthy development of related industries. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of variety safety, revoke the examination and approval or registration of varieties with safety defects in time, forcibly withdraw from the market, protect farmers’ interests and ensure industrial safety. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the protection of new plant varieties, further expand the scope of protection list, broaden the channels for variety testing, optimize the protection process of new varieties, increase protection efforts and improve protection efficiency; Accelerate the revision of the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties and improve the protection level of original innovative varieties. It is necessary to strengthen the connection between variety approval, variety registration and new variety protection, and build a unified variety throughout the country.DNAFingerprint database provides scientific basis for strengthening seed market supervision and standardizing market order.

(three) improve the variety demonstration and tracking evaluation system, accelerate the promotion of new varieties.It is necessary to combine the functional areas of grain production, the production protection areas of important agricultural products, the advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products and the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, and rely on seed management institutions at all levels to improve the national, provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), city and county-level variety display and demonstration and promotion variety tracking and evaluation system, so as to combine good varieties, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and supporting services. Actively explore the new mechanism of variety display and demonstration with seed enterprises or enterprises alone, so as to connect offline display with online sales. It is necessary to organize new business entities and farmers to carry out on-site observation and technical training, and use new media and other channels to increase publicity and accelerate the promotion of new varieties. It is necessary to focus on the follow-up evaluation of approved varieties, registered varieties and registered varieties, and timely release the catalogue of varieties suitable for structural adjustment and related information.

(4) Build a big data platform for seed industry and improve the information service capability.Relying on China Seed Industry Information Network, accelerate the construction of a national unified, efficient, open and transparent seed industry big data platform, and promote online application and information release inquiry of variety testing, testing, validation, registration, protection, introduction and filing, and seed production and operation licensing matters; Timely release domestic and foreign agricultural products information and seed market information, and guide growers to scientifically select marketable crop varieties. Encourage seed enterprises to carry out e-commerce and provide the whole planting service for new business entities and farmers.

Four, strengthen the new round of crop varieties upgrading safeguard measures.

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Agricultural authorities at all levels should take accelerating the new round of crop variety upgrading as a key task to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, strengthen the top-level design, introduce supporting policies and increase financial support in light of local conditions; It is necessary to formulate an implementation plan, refine the objectives and tasks, clarify the division of responsibilities, improve the assessment mechanism, and ensure that the variety upgrading work is in place.

(2) Improve policy support.The competent agricultural departments at all levels actively coordinate the departments of finance, development and reform, formulate supporting policies, increase the support of infrastructure projects and financial projects for the upgrading of varieties, and strengthen the test conditions and test capabilities of varieties.DUSTest capacity and the construction of demonstration bases, promote the implementation of post-variety subsidy policies, and explore the establishment of special funds such as subsidies for healthy seedlings of characteristic crops, subsidies for purification and rejuvenation of conventional crops, and demonstration and demonstration of varieties. At the same time, mobilize social forces, give play to the role of enterprises, and jointly promote the implementation of variety upgrading.

(3) Strengthen market supervision.Clarify and strengthen the seed management function according to law, and implement the territorial responsibility and main responsibility of seed market supervision. Strict qualification of seed production and operation, strengthen the record management of all kinds of subjects in seed production and operation, improve the file system of seed production and operation, the authenticity system of labels and the quarantine system of origin, and standardize administrative behavior. According to the needs of local planting structure adjustment, the seeds and seedlings of miscellaneous grains, beans, melons, fruits and vegetables should be included in the routine supervision scope to ensure the supply of healthy seedlings; We will continue to crack down on illegal activities such as the production and operation of fake and inferior seeds and the infringement of counterfeit cards, strengthen the connection with judicial protection, and protect and encourage original innovation. Strengthen the construction of seed management team and capacity, especially at the county level, ensure the funds for seed management, and improve the supervision and service capacity of seed industry.

(4) Pay attention to publicity and guidance.Make full use of radio, television, newspapers, Internet and other propaganda media, systematically publicize and report the good practices, good models, good varieties, new experiences, new mechanisms and new achievements in the new round of crop variety upgrading, and create a good public opinion atmosphere.

　　Maotanchang Middle School, located in Maotanchang Town, jin an district, Lu ‘an City, is known as "the largest college entrance examination factory in Asia" because tens of thousands of students take the college entrance examination every year, and even attracts foreign attention. Some people say that this is a paradise for repeat students, which allows many people to be admitted to undergraduate courses and fulfill their college dreams; Some people say that this is a prison, and its militarized management has destroyed many people’s youth. After all, it is inevitable to fall into emotional judgment, and it is impossible to outline the true appearance of this school.

　　The reporter of Jinling Evening News interviewed a "witness" who re-read in Maotanchang Middle School in 2006. Trying to restore a more real Maotan factory middle school from his self-report. In the eyes of this "witness", it is neither heaven nor hell, but a large-scale and efficient high school under the current education system. Respect for the wishes of the interviewee, his name is hidden in this article, and the reporter recorded the following content from his perspective. After several years, the "witness" said that some details may be slightly different from the present, so I hereby explain.

　　□ Jinling Evening News reporter Pan Dong

　　My story

　　Repeat for one year, from junior college to "211" university.

　　In 2006, I graduated from a third-rate high school in a town in Lu ‘an City. The teaching in this school was extremely average, and I didn’t work hard enough myself. Of course, my score in the college entrance examination was a mess. I remember that the total score was more than 450 points, while the admission line for this year was 493 points. That is to say, I can only go to a junior college, and I may not be able to fill in a good major. At that time, there were two roads in front of me. One was to stop studying, get a job in the society, and then get married and have children. The other was to repeat studies and go to Maotan Factory Middle School, which has a good reputation.

　　Although I was hesitant, my father insisted on sending me, and finally went to Maotan Factory Middle School in July of that year. One year’s hard work, the content is far more than the past three years, of course, the results are gradually improving. According to my own judgment, it is no problem to be admitted to this second school, and at most it is a university that is behind this one.

　　In June 2007, I took the college entrance examination for the second time, and the result was very ideal, even exceeding expectations — — The total score is 582 points, which is more than 30 points more than that of the previous year. There is no problem in getting into a better university. I applied to many universities in Jiangsu, including a "985" university and a "211" university in Nanjing, and was finally admitted to this "211" university.

　　"College Entrance Examination Factory" in My Eyes

　　A small town in the mountains around the school

　　When it comes to Maotanchang Middle School, we have to mention Maotanchang Town where it is located. It is reported that the school is the heart of the town, which is not an exaggeration. Soon after I entered the school, I found that this small town in the mountain is running around the school, in all aspects.

　　Because of the large number of students, school dormitories are far from enough, students, especially repeat students, choose to rent houses outside the school, which has become the biggest means for small town residents to make a living. Originally, they have been farming for generations, or they have gone to work in cities with the tide of work. Although the income is brought by the students, the local residents know that it is the credit of the school, so all aspects cooperate with the school’s work. The landlords of each family have close ties with the school, and sometimes students stay out at night, which can be reflected to the class teacher that night.

　　In addition to renting houses, small restaurants, shops, food markets, barbershops, stationery stores, etc. in the town all revolve around the school, so that in many detailed reports, there is such a scene. During class, the town is empty and there are not many pedestrians on the street, but at lunch or dinner, the town becomes buzzing almost instantly, and the school gate can be described as jostling with each other. The restaurant sells the prepared food to the door, and the students are choosing meals.

　　The most interesting thing is that there are also several Internet cafes in the town, but people who look like students are never allowed to go in. Perhaps this is also a "tacit understanding" between schools and businesses.

　　The gathering of repeat students with moderate grades

　　In 2007, more than 10,000 students from Maotanchang Middle School took part in the college entrance examination. Many people who don’t know the situation are wondering how this high school can recruit so many people. In fact, the main body of the school is not the freshmen, but the repeat students who come from all over the world.

　　I can’t prove it. In the end, from which year, the reputation of Maotan Factory Middle School’s good repetition effect began to spread in the local area. However, judging from the usual monthly exam and the final college entrance examination results, both the number and high scores of repeat students accounted for a large proportion.

　　According to my observation, the school has its own set of standards for repeat students. When I entered school that year, because the first year’s college entrance examination was more than 450 points, I only paid a symbolic fee of several hundred yuan (based on the second score line, five yuan less). If I didn’t meet the minimum score line required by the school, I needed to pay ten thousand yuan for the entrance fee, which was actually to set a threshold for students with low scores.

　　Therefore, the main body of repeat students is a group of students with medium grades. They either have poor foundation or one or two weak subjects. The main reason is poor study habits, and most of them have no self-control, but overall, their talents are not bad.

　　Efficient Training and Saved Mathematics

　　Perhaps readers are curious, how can this school improve the grades of repeat students so much in just one year? At that time, I didn’t know much about its teaching methods. I still remember the words of the head teacher in that year, "Our method is two horizontal and one vertical, dry!" Looking back now, I find that it is an efficient training under the simple truth.

　　In the students’ view, as soon as they entered the middle school, they began to review high school knowledge from the beginning, and a large number of test papers were synchronized. At first, they were extremely uncomfortable, but such training gradually showed results. Take my weakest math as an example. In 2006, I only got more than 80 points in the college entrance examination. I didn’t even pass the exam with a perfect score of 150 points, but I got 121 points in 2007, which has achieved my best level. Careful investigation, in fact, benefited from the full training of each chapter, although only more than 90 points or more than 100 points can be scored, but in the college entrance examination, which attaches importance to the foundation and has a comprehensive assessment, once the foundation of each chapter is integrated, you can get a good total score.

　　Behind the efficient training is the study of the college entrance examination questions. I found that no matter which subject teachers are very familiar with the college entrance examination questions, it should be the result of the joint study of the teaching and research group. It is worth mentioning that although the school has more training than other schools, students are never advised to do difficult problems except for particularly excellent students. Instead, they are trained repeatedly around the basic knowledge of the college entrance examination. A teacher once said, "The college entrance examination is a basic examination, and the topic should be done by most people, so it should be targeted."

　　Militarized management with only half a day off every week

　　Matching with efficient training is militarized management, which is mainly reflected in time management and discipline management. In 2007, when I was at school, I usually began to study by myself at 6:00 in the morning, and had a normal rest during recess, noon and evening. However, most students and children chose to study, some even asked others to buy meals for them, and studied at night until 10:50. Some students had to study a little longer until the classroom was turned off, and after returning to the rented room off campus, the more diligent students had to study for a while.

　　Not only the daily time is strictly managed, but also the weekly and monthly time. When I was at school, I only had a rest on Sunday afternoon for half a day. Most students used it for laundry, shopping and sleeping. At first, I took a monthly exam, and later, I took a weekly exam every Saturday. As for holidays, the school also took a day or two off at most. In short, we should squeeze out as much time as possible to study.

　　Discipline management is also very strict. It is common for the class teacher to find out about the decline in weekly and monthly exam results. If the behavior is not good for a period of time, it will inevitably be found to talk. If it is more serious, parents will be called and students will be expelled under special circumstances. Like many other high schools, the head teacher often looks inside the classroom during self-study. The most memorable thing is that there is a monitor on the roof above the podium of each classroom, which the head teacher occasionally uses. Love can’t be absolutely absent, but it’s really difficult in practice. I stay at school most of the time and have no time and space.

　　Teachers with high pay and return.

　　When it comes to Maotan Factory Middle School, I have to mention the teachers of the school. To be honest, compared with the teachers in the city, they are not particularly excellent. As far as I know, the way for schools to recruit teachers is usually a written test plus an interview. The written test is the college entrance examination paper of that year, and the interview is to have a class in the classroom. The final selection is all adapted to the school teaching model, which also explains why many former students return to school to teach after graduating from college. My head teacher was that year.

　　But the efforts of this group of teachers are absolutely incomparable to those of many teachers in the city. Students usually get up at 5:30 and read early at 6: 00, so the teacher must get to the classroom earlier and get up earlier. Students study by themselves at night until 10:50, and the teacher must wait for all the students to leave, which means going to bed later. In addition, students’ high-intensity test paper training also brings more correction work and explanation tasks to teachers.

　　High pay also has high return. As far as I know, the salary of school teachers is much higher than that of teachers in similar schools. As early as 2007, the income of ordinary teachers was six or seven thousand yuan, and the head teacher may be higher. After the college entrance examination, the school will also give bonuses to teachers according to the results of the class college entrance examination. For example, there are clear regulations on how much a book costs and how much a book costs.

　　In addition, the welfare is also quite good. In the mountains deep in the school, teachers are provided with housing, clothes will be distributed every year, free meals will be eaten in the school cafeteria, and teachers will be organized to travel abroad after the college entrance examination. I heard privately in 2007 that teachers have found it boring to go to Xinmatai and want to go to Europe.

　　Difficulties and superstitions of accompanying parents

　　Finally, I have to talk about a unique phenomenon in this school — — Accompany reading. Like Mao Zhong, it is suitable for repeating classes. Somehow, parents feel that accompanying students is beneficial for their children to achieve better grades. Objectively speaking, children can really save more time to study when parents accompany them to do laundry and cook for them, but parents accompanying them also bring invisible pressure to their children.

　　On the other hand, it is still very difficult for most parents to accompany them. Most of them come from the surrounding towns and villages. Originally, the husband and wife worked together to earn money. In order to accompany their children, the financial burden of the whole family fell on one person. It is not cheap to rent a small house in Maotan Factory. It used to be hundreds of yuan to more than a thousand yuan a month, but now it is rising even higher, and there are rising prices every year. The accompanying party has to arrange the children’s lives with limited money and bear great psychological pressure. Of course, with the expansion of the school’s reputation, more and more urban children come to repeat their studies, and parents come to accompany them, followed by the square dance and mahjong room.

　　In external reports, it is often mentioned that the so-called sacred tree in the school is "worshipped" by accompanying parents. This kind of superstition does exist. This tree is near the right wall in the school. Two years ago, I saw with my own eyes that there was a pile of ash more than one meter high on the wall outside the school, all of which were accumulated by superstitious parents burning incense. Behind it, it was just a psychological comfort.

　　The Future of "College Entrance Examination Factory"

　　Extend downward and run a branch school … … Copy the mode of running a school

　　In recent years, every time the media reports on Maotan Factory Middle School, they pay attention to its grand entrance examination, and sometimes look back on its college entrance examination resume, with little or no mention of where such a huge school will go.

　　I think that as long as the current examination system continues, this school, which can enable more students to realize their college dreams, will have the soil for existence. What has to be considered is that in recent years, the only-child generation has been attending high school, and the number of students is indeed decreasing. Moreover, because of the current situation of difficult employment, parents are no longer satisfied with the result of spending money and time to finally enter a second-year college.

　　The number of repeat students is shrinking, and the school has not only discovered it, but also begun to plan the future. As far as I know, in recent years, what Maotan Factory Middle School is doing is to copy its own school-running model. There are probably two ways. One is to extend to junior high schools and primary schools. For example, a private school from primary school to high school in another county was successfully acquired by it and sent management to settle in; The second is to run a branch school. Like the third-rate high school where I am located, the brand of Maotanchang Middle School Branch has been hung up, and the results of the college entrance examination have been getting better and better in recent years.

　　Some people applaud this kind of replication, thinking that it is to let more students enjoy high-quality educational resources, while others worry that it may lead to the homogenization of schools in the region. However, under the background of exam-taking, this is probably a false proposition, and no one can come up with a convincing conclusion.

　　In short, Mao Zhong was "demonized" by many people outside. It’s really hard to study there, but it’s not "abused" to the point of abnormal condition. Maozhong is just a place where the "routine" of the college entrance examination is thoroughly understood. Therefore, instead of saying "magic" in Mao, it is better to reflect on the college entrance examination system, which can be dismantled one by one by people and dealt with in a modular way.