Above: Chen Deming, who is obsessed with scientific research, often works late into the night and forgets the time to go home. Photo by Li Yujian

　　The wind in the desert is cool and bright. Chen Deming, dressed in a uniform, has a slight frown, deep eyes and a serious look. Talking about the topic of life, he has a calm tone and is rigorous with scientific researchers; But when he talked about his missile career, his eyes suddenly filled with brilliance, his tone was forceful, his thinking was extremely agile, and his gestures were enriched.

　　49 years of Chunhua Qiushi, 26 years of Dan Xin casting sword. In the past 26 years since he joined the desert missile industry, the smooth and stretched missile flight trajectory has been printed in his mind, and thousands of test data have flowed in his mind. The sword has been integrated into his pursuit and his blood. His life path is also like a missile, with clear trajectory and precise target.

　　Relying on the heavenly sword, witnessing his solemn oath of loyal mission — —

　　"It is better to work for eight years than to wait for eight years."

　　Everyone has a dream kingdom in his heart, which may be a fascinating scenery in the movie or a swaying picture in the dream … … In the eyes of young Chen Deming, that sacred land is in the distant western desert, and it is a place that makes his blood boil every time he thinks about it.

　　In 1986, Chen Deming, who was still a high school student in his hometown of Hunan, watched a movie called Flying to the Pacific Ocean. Staring at the magnificent picture that China’s first long-range launch vehicle roared off and pierced the sky, he quietly buried a dream of "fighting for the country" in his heart. For this dream, he applied for the only National University of Defense Technology that offered aerospace dynamics and flight test.

　　In the year of graduation, with his love for the missile cause, he declined the opportunity to stay in school and resolutely set foot on the train bound for the northwest desert. There is no "lonely desert" scenery, only endless yellow sand. "This is a place that is not suitable for human habitation!" Some colleagues complained. Chen Deming said: "This is a sacred place. There is the national defense cause that the motherland needs most. It will definitely be fertile ground for us to make contributions!"

　　The endless desert is the easiest way to kill people’s fighting spirit and courage. However, what worries people is not only the hard and closed living environment in Gobi, but also the scientific research environment with relatively backward facilities at that time.

　　"There are more than 60 people in a technical room, and there is only one computer that can be used. Looking at this computer, my heart is cold." Chen Deming said that what made him even more at a loss was that the only reference he could find on his first mission turned out to be a paper with several pages missing.

　　At that time, there was an "unwritten" rule in the base, and college student cadres who joined the army could choose to leave the army after working for more than 8 years. Go or stay? Chen Deming encouraged himself: "It is better to work for eight years than to wait for eight years."

　　At that time, Chen Deming was still a student with red epaulettes. In order to dabble in more scientific research knowledge, he never missed every technical seminar and began to learn missile knowledge.

　　There is a project, and experts think that "the research value is not great" during the evaluation. Chen Deming, who was auditing, raised his hand boldly and made a deduction of his own ideas on the spot. Just after Chen Deming finished speaking, Du Zhiming, a senior engineer at the base, made a decision on the spot: "Let Deming participate in this project."

　　In those days, Chen Deming often came to the Gobi and stared at the Populus euphratica struggling to grow and take root in the desert: fighting against the desert for a thousand years, standing for a thousand years after death, and immortal after falling for a thousand years … … "These ‘ Stubborn life ’ Just like the astronauts who took root in the desert, it was their selfless dedication and sacrifice that made the earth-shattering ‘ Two bombs and one satellite ’ Weiye. "

　　Yes, the desert can be deserted, but life can’t. In these eight years, it is with such an "initial heart" that Chen Deming rose up instead of waiting, drawing a shining track for his scientific research life and turning his solemn oath into a magnificent footprint — —

　　In 1994, he became the first group of scientific researchers to participate in the demonstration of the launch site of a certain missile weapon flight test mission; In 1996, he was the first to start the planning and evaluation of cruise missile shooting range, and took a new step in the research of new quality combat effectiveness … …

　　Eight years have passed, and another eight years have passed. Chen Deming is like a Elaeagnus angustifolia tree that thrives in the Gobi. The deeper its roots are, the more fruits it bears!

　　Vast territory, witnessing his vast life creed — —

　　"Always staring at fame and fortune, the door of scientific research will be closed sooner or later."

　　Anti-missile is known as the most advanced technical confrontation in the world.

　　However, due to the difficulties in tackling key problems, China’s anti-missile road is very difficult. At the beginning of this century, China officially launched the anti-missile project, and built China’s first anti-missile test range in a base in the northwest where Chen Deming works. Chen Deming was hired as an expert of the project expert group to take the lead in tackling the test technology of the anti-missile range.

　　In those days, Chen Deming led the team to draft the experimental instruments day and night, and broke through the major core technologies such as real-time target recognition, precise orbit determination and prediction, and rapid analysis and evaluation of experimental results.

　　Behind the success, in addition to the joy, there are also the hard past events of "getting carried away and working hard" for scientific research: for many years, Chen Deming’s alarm clock has always been set at 11: 30 at night, with the purpose of reminding himself that it is time to go home from work; He even worked overtime for three days and nights in order to draw up a test plan, and finally fainted in the office … …

　　"I think he is tired and happy." Xu Chunguang, a base researcher who has been working with Chen Deming for scientific research all the year round, said: "People who engage in research sometimes have to enter the realm of selflessness. That feeling is very wonderful. It is sweet to engage in a career that you like, no matter how hard and tired you are."

　　Anyone familiar with Chen Deming knows that there is no word "fame and fortune" in his world.

　　"If scientific research cadres always stare at fame and fortune, the door to scientific research will be closed sooner or later; It is impossible to achieve great results if you always aim at personal interests. Only when researchers have no distractions, stay away from fame and fortune, and calm down for a few years or decades can they make a name for themselves. "

　　This is Chen Deming’s life creed and his struggle experience.

　　In 2008, an "explosive" news sensationalized the whole base — — Chen Deming resigned from his administrative post in order to devote himself to scientific research. In fact, this is the third time that he has resigned as the director of the technical office.

　　As early as 2003, Chen Deming, who had served as the director of the office at that time, suddenly found the leader of the base and expressed the idea of quitting his administrative post, but he was rejected by the leader. Chen Deming persisted for another two years, but his desire to concentrate on scientific research became stronger and stronger. He went to the leader for the second time and said, "My specialty is research. The post of director of the room can be arranged for energetic young people. " Because of the need of work, the leader still didn’t agree.

　　A few years later, Chen Deming once again sincerely requested: "There is indeed a contradiction in the allocation of time between management and project research, so I can only choose one, so that I can devote myself to scientific research … …” Seeing that he was so persistent, his request was finally approved.

　　On another occasion, the superior assigned the development task of an impact prediction system to Chen Deming’s technical office. In order to train and exercise young people, he asked Zhao Hailong, then an engineer, to take the lead in this work. After accepting the task, Zhao Hailong felt "great pressure" and asked Chen Deming to be the head of the research group several times to carry out auxiliary programming work by himself. Chen Deming encouraged him to say, "Just do it, and I’ll help you solve any difficulties."

　　At the moment when the results were finally declared, the members of the research group unanimously elected Chen Deming as the first person to complete the project, but he resolutely disagreed and crossed out his name.

　　In recent years, Chen Deming has become more and more famous. Some well-known domestic scientific research institutes want to "dig" him away with generous treatment, but he refuses one by one.

　　Someone asked him: "Others really want you to start a business. Don’t you regret refusing such a high income?" He replied: "There are too many such things. If you want to regret it, your intestines will regret it long ago."

　　You know, in Chen Deming’s mind, this Gobi has long been his second hometown, and the missile industry has long been his lifelong dream.

　　Wan Li desert, witnessing his down-to-earth scientific research spirit — —

　　"Under the guidance of the goal of strengthening the military, national defense science and technology innovation can never stop."

　　The world of scientific research is colorful, and the boring figures and cold models people see on weekdays are all "life-rich landscapes" in Chen Deming’s eyes. He said: "It’s like God deliberately hides the truth of a thing. When you try your best to get closer to the truth, the inner ecstasy and love are often fascinating and even more awesome."

　　Over the years, Chen Deming, who is obsessed with scientific research and exploration, has a habit that he always likes to ask, "Why?"? Can there be another way to answer? "

　　When Chen Deming began to study the missile precise orbit determination prediction technology, it was found that the problems of poor accuracy of real-time trajectory estimation and low utilization rate of measurement data were not well solved in the field of shooting range measurement and control in China. These "common" problems affect the accuracy and stability of real-time precise orbit determination prediction. To this end, he accurately docked the anti-missile test with the operational target, and made continuous exploration, and achieved a series of innovative achievements with domestic leading level.

　　"I can’t remember how many flight test evaluation methods and evaluation reports I have completed." Chen Deming said that he was never satisfied with copying the documents he had drawn up before, and even the evaluation methods he proposed in his early days, he never "painted a tiger as a cat" in practical application. "This is like a spinning top. Only by constantly giving external forces can the top keep turning."

　　In the face of scientific research, Chen Deming is always full of confidence, and all this is due to his down-to-earth attitude.

　　Xu Chunguang, a researcher who has worked with him for many years, said that Chen Deming’s greatness lies in his "drilling strength" and his ability to find problems from details. "Many problems ordinary people may not pay attention to. However, Chen Deming believes that scientific research should first be good at ‘ Drill ’ Only when you go in can you achieve results ‘ Jump ’ Come out. "

　　Engaged in scientific research, Chen Deming always maintained an optimistic attitude. One year, Xu Chunguang took over a basic research project. After a busy year, he was very frustrated to see that others had achieved a lot, but he had no breakthrough. Chen Deming advised him: "It is not a matter of one or two days to engage in scientific research. Setbacks are not terrible in themselves, but they are afraid of being devastated."

　　A few years later, Xu Chunguang made rapid progress in his business and became a new star of science and technology in the base. He said with emotion: "It was Chen Deming’s scientific research spirit that inspired me, following ‘ Niuren ’ Together, my potential has also been stimulated. "

　　In recent years, Chen Deming has undertaken more and more projects, and he has carefully calculated every expenditure, using precious funds to improve scientific research conditions and carry out scientific research work. He has led and participated in more than a dozen major research projects, but he has never been named on scientific research achievements that are not specifically responsible. Even though he is responsible for scientific research projects from concept presentation to scientific research guidance, he also thinks that it is a "internal matter" and resolutely does not hang on to a "false name".

　　Nowadays, Chen Deming has long regarded innovation as a pursuit: "Scientific research and innovation is sometimes an idea that makes your heart hot. As long as you persist for years, there will always be a time when things turn out well."

　　It is with such a belief that innovative kindling is lit in his heart, which not only illuminates his scientific research road, but also leaves a shining footprint on the road of missile weapon test development in China.

　　Chen Deming was not satisfied, and his eyes looked further: "Now the atmosphere of scientific research and innovation is very good. As a worker fighting in the front line of national defense scientific research, only by being down-to-earth, optimistic and confident, and never giving up, can we break through the difficulties one by one and reap fruitful results. Under the guidance of strong military goals, national defense science and technology innovation can never stop. "

Text | Song Jiatong, Ding Chaoyi, Dong Haowen, Duan Yuhao

Edit | Ding Chaoyi

If we lose light, all we have is darkness.

Do you know such a group of people?

They can’t distinguish colors, but they can listen to the world with their voices;

They can’t feel the light, but they can touch the warmth with their palms;

They can’t see you and me clearly, but they can perceive existence with their hearts;

They were supposed to be like us,

But lost the light because of fate,

They are blind,

A group of ordinary and special people …

Do you know anything about the blind?

If you can,

Please follow us,

Down into their world—

"It’s been more than ten years. When I was a child, I couldn’t see it. It’s nothing."

Master Wu is blind, but he looks no different from ordinary people. The first time I saw Master Wu, he was sitting on the sofa listening to books on his mobile phone, and his eyes looked bright. "Often guests say, aren’t you blind? How can I still use my mobile phone? In fact, I am lucky. I can still see something clearly if I wear glasses. " Facing our doubts, he seems to be used to it.

Master Wu opened a shop in Jinqiao. The location is a little off-center, and the porch is quite small. There is a compartment on the left with only a few massage beds in it, but the decoration makes people feel at ease and comfortable. Although the sparrow is small and complete, this is Master Wu’s massage shop.

"I’m from Anhui. I went to Shanghai to take refuge with my relatives. Later, I took some money and opened my own massage shop." Master Wu has read junior college and studied Braille, and he is still the "high flyers" among the blind. He also has a daughter, and whenever he talks about her, Master Wu can’t stop being happy. "I hope my daughter is safe and there is no other idea." For the sake of the family’s livelihood, he must take root here.

"I followed the master’s self-taught massage and didn’t receive so much training." Master Wu lost many opportunities because of his visual disability, but his relatives told him that "learning massage has a way out." A few years ago, he was introduced to a massage parlor as an apprentice. It was his first massage and he studied for a long time, but he was not too tired. The master taught him a lot, and he also met many blind friends in his study.

Speaking of blind friends, Master Wu has some feelings: "I have never been in this business, and I have no idea that there are so many people like me. I am lucky. At least I can see a little, don’t you think?"

In the corner of this city, there are many such massage shops, as well as many such blind people and blind professionals, but we sometimes can’t see them.

Sometimes, we can’t see

In late April, a message about "the traffic police experienced the life of the blind, and the guide dog was refused to take the bus" caused widespread discussion on social networks. Many netizens criticized the inhuman practices of bus companies, and many professional media also followed up the report at the first time. For a while, the blind have become a hot topic in society. This group in the dark seems to have been unveiled.

However, online public opinion comes quickly and goes faster. A few days later, everything fell into silence again …

In 1984, at the inaugural meeting of the World Blind Union held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 15th was officially designated as "International Day for the Blind". This is also the first time that the blind group has its own unified organization and festival in the world.

The blind are also called the visually disabled. The so-called visual disability refers to the partial or complete pathological changes in the structure or function of the visual organ or the visual center of the brain due to various reasons, which leads to different degrees of visual loss or narrowing of the visual field, and the visual function is difficult to be used freely or even lost in work, study or other activities like ordinary people.

According to the relevant standards, the best corrected visual acuity of both eyes is less than 0.3, which can be considered as visual disability, and visual disability is specifically divided into blindness and low vision. At the same time, four standards (first-class blindness: no light perception ≤ A < 0.02; Secondary blindness: 0.02 ≤ a < 0.05; Third-grade low vision 0.05 ≤ A < 0.1; Grade 4 low vision: 0.1≤a<0.3, where A is the best corrected vision).

In fact, there are not a few people with visual disabilities. According to relevant reports, by 2021, there are more than 20 million people with visual disabilities in China, including more than 5 million people with "blindness" and more than 10 million people with "low vision". It is equivalent to 0.78 times the population of Australia (25.44 million). According to China’s population of 1.4 billion, the proportion of visually disabled people has reached 1.43%, and this figure is still increasing year by year.

Despite the huge number of people with visual disabilities in China, the relevant data of the China Disabled Persons’ Federation show that the number of people with visual disabilities who have applied for disability certificates is 4,140,987, accounting for 21.95% of the total number of people with visual disabilities.

Among them, Sichuan has the largest number of people with certified vision, reaching 419,531 by December 31, 2021, while the number of people with certified vision in Henan, Hunan and other places has also exceeded 200,000. Behind these data are countless vivid and vivid individuals. However, in reality, these individuals seem to hide themselves, and we don’t often touch them and can’t perceive them.

People may not pay much attention to them or know them very well. For most ordinary people, they are like "elephants in the bedroom". During the period from 2011 to 2023, Baidu search engine searched for keywords related to the blind (blind, disabled, blind, visually impaired, etc.). The statistics show that the average frequency of all users actively learning about the blind group is no more than 2,000 times a day.

On the other hand, the number of related literature research is still limited. The research on the visually disabled still focuses on the traditional framework such as education, life, psychology and blind road. Many people haven’t realized that today’s blind people also need to integrate into the digital age, eager to get the convenience of technology, and also pursue the happiness of marriage and the improvement of quality of life.

The blind are not "blind"

"Of course we use mobile phones, but we use screen reading software to listen." Master Wu is not the only blind friend who uses mobile phones. Among all the blind teachers contacted by the team, whether they are semi-blind or completely blind, they all have their own mobile phones. Or chatting in groups, or singing, or listening to books, or even playing games … They are not the "imbeciles" that some people think.

Some people think that the blind are often vulnerable groups that need to be taken care of, and the public’s cognition of them still stays in the stereotype of "wearing sunglasses" and "leaning on a blind stick". When talking about the blind, some people always have a sense of protection and empathy for the blind according to their inherent concepts. But in fact, most people don’t really understand the life of the blind and never really listen to their feelings.

For the blind, life is not only "darkness", but also "light" perceived by other senses.

In another massage shop, several blind masters shared the details of operating mobile phones. Although the font on the screen of the mobile phone has been maximized, they still have to stick the mobile phone in front of them. On the other hand, fingers are constantly groping for the software they are looking for on the screen. With the help of screen reading software, they can better help them use their mobile phones. When they open the mobile phone application, a mechanical voice suddenly appears, telling the blind with the fastest speech speed, which is undoubtedly their "good helper".

In fact, it is not easy for blind people to use mobile phones. "It’s really inconvenient to use a mobile phone at first", which is the common heart of many masters. In order to study better, they all turned to their friends around, and some blind people who can use computers also looked for strategies on the forum.

In Baidu Post Bar "Blind Bar", the team took "Help-seeking" as the title keyword, and obtained 127 related topic posts. At the same time, the word frequency statistics of help-seeking content were carried out, and the above atlas was obtained. "Screen reading", "program" and "mobile phone" are all important contents for blind friends to ask for help. Blind people are also eager for technology. Although fate has played a joke unfortunately, this is not a problem that prevents them from longing for the light.

In addition, the team also counted the main contents of relevant help-seeking posts.

It can be found that they are eager for the development of technology to bring them light, and they are not willing to be swallowed up by the torrent of the times. Blind people are not "blind", they are just integrating into the world in their own way.

"You and I are the same."

Like ordinary people, Master Wu has his own way of life and work. At eight o’clock in the morning, the subway was already crowded with "office workers" who were still sleepy, and Master Wu had finished breakfast and was ready to go out. Because his home is not far from the massage parlor, he doesn’t need the company of his family.

But he still needs to be extra careful on the road. "At the intersection in front of the store, the driver almost hit me." Thinking of the previous experience, Master Wu still has a lingering fear, and his visual disability has many inconveniences after all.

It was already nine o’clock when I arrived at the store. After a little cleaning with my colleagues, the day’s work officially began.

Most weekday mornings are leisurely and calm. Master Wu is used to sitting on the sofa listening to books, which is his hobby. He often chats with his colleagues, and after a while the guests come. At noon, the store is busy, and the "white-collar workers" who take a lunch break around will come to visit. "If you are busy, you can’t eat, especially on weekends." Master Wu usually hasn’t eaten a few mouthfuls of rice before the guests have arrived.

At three o’clock in the afternoon, the busyness finally came to an end. Master Wu sat on the sofa and began to listen to books. Some guests came in from time to time. This kind of leisure can’t last long, but it’s not too hard.

After six o’clock, the sky is getting dark, street lamps are on one after another, and the empty streets are a little more noisy. It’s time for most people to get off work, but Master Wu is back at work …

At eleven o’clock, the night is already deep. Under the streetlight, Master Wu slowly locked the door. For him, this moment is the real end. Turn around and walk home slowly … "You don’t have to sigh, you are happy enough to be alive." This is the voice of Master Wu.

In this bustling city, there are always such a group of ordinary and special people.

The neglected "love"

Master Liu is from Pingxiang, Jiangxi. Like Master Wu, he has his own massage shop for the blind. Besides him, there are several masters in the shop. When I saw him, he was eating, plain rice with cabbage, simple and simple. He was a little surprised by our arrival. He said, "I have never been interviewed."

In fact, Master Liu is very talkative. He is always willing to share a lot of our problems and has his own unique views. "There is an important issue that you have forgotten. Blind people also need marriage and family. In fact, few blind friends around me get married." Master Liu has a deep understanding of this.

The life of the blind is not easy because of the visual disability. Marriage may be a luxury for them. In addition to family care, blind people also need intimate relationships. But in fact, most blind people can’t meet their own needs.

Many blind people have more or less inferiority complex, and congenital conditions make them lack self-confidence in gender relations. The limitation of social scope further limits the possibility of marriage. In addition, the pressure from family and the evaluation of social relations have forced many intimate relationships that have developed to end.

However, even if they finally enter the marriage hall, some blind people must face the practical problems after marriage. Because of the genetic possibility of visual disability, the blind have to accept the test of ethics. Their limited ability to work and the genetic risk of visual disability further increase the pressure on the blind.

Of the 10 blind teachers interviewed, only 4 have a marriage relationship. These four masters are all semi-blind, so it is very unlikely that people with total blindness will have heterosexual partners. In the interview, these blind masters also said that less than one-fifth of the blind friends around them are married.

What is holding them back from traveling?

In recent years, the problem of blind travel was once reported by the mainstream media. The phenomenon of "the blind road is occupied" and "the guide dog is refused to be loaded" is the main problem that has been criticized.

The travel problem of the blind is actually far more complicated than people think.

Blind people don’t really want to go out. In the eyes of many blind friends, the meaning of going out is minimal. "What are you going out for, basking in the sun?" Master Wu always talks about traveling, and he is very helpless. Different from ordinary people, their entertainment has been greatly reduced and even full of danger. Even for a walk, the blind don’t want to go too far.

Of course, travel is still necessary. "I still have to go out to work, and so does a haircut." In order to reduce the risk of going out, Master Wu seldom goes out, and he stays in the shop except when he has to go out.

Master Wu admits that semi-blindness is different from total blindness, and it often looks the same as normal people in appearance. Ordinary people usually find it difficult to identify themselves. In order to show his identity, he must prepare sunglasses and a blind stick. This is also an important reason why the stereotype of the blind is formed and it is difficult for the blind to find traces in life.

On the other hand, although many blind masseurs live close to their workplaces, it is not easy to walk this short distance. In the interview, some teachers admitted that when they go out to work, they are often semi-blind teachers who walk in front and completely blind teachers who take the back. Because blind roads are often crowded, the navigation function of blind roads has been lost. "It is much more convenient to walk on the sidewalk than on the blind road", which is the consensus of many blind masters.

In western countries, in order to facilitate the travel of the blind, social organizations and official institutions will provide guide dogs for the blind in need. However, the training cost of guide dogs is extremely high, the number is extremely rare, and the actual effect is limited. In China, there are only 200 active guide dogs.　

"I want blind friends to go out for a walk."

Although most blind people don’t want to go out, there are a few counter examples.

Master Tan is the manager of history massage, and he maintains a high degree of enthusiasm for going out. He said, "Traveling is not a problem. I often go out, often take the subway, take the train and participate in activities." He thinks going out is a way to relieve stress. He enjoys every time he goes out and enjoys every party.

Through the interview, the team drew a map of his travel route.

When asked about Master Tan’s ideal, Master Tan said with a smile, "I hope blind friends can go out for a walk more. The world is very big, although we can’t see it, we can hear it, can’t we?"

Blind people may not want to go out, but this is not a reason for us to restrict their freedom of travel, nor is it an excuse for us to influence them to go out. In the dark, we need a bright light from the society to guide their travel and escort them, and we also need a warmth to encourage them to March bravely towards their ideals and light.

Light the beacon of society

Over the years, in order to solve the special living difficulties and long-term care difficulties of the disabled and effectively protect their rights and interests, China has made great efforts to promote the improvement of their living standards. However, in the face of the huge number of people with visual disabilities, the implementation of social security still needs to be improved. Due to regional differences, the level of protection for the disabled is different, especially in vocational training, education and rehabilitation for the disabled.

In addition, some local disabled persons’ federations have also exposed some problems in the process of organization and coordination. Inadequate service, unsatisfactory publicity effect and lack of professional ability are the main pain points. Some blind masters said that some policy news did not know where to know and who to consult.

Although the problems exist, we should also see the attention paid by the state to the visually disabled and the unremitting efforts made to ensure their lives. In order to promote the employment of the disabled, on the China disabled employment and entrepreneurship network service platform, the competent government departments and a number of enterprises have provided jobs for the disabled. Some positions are abnormal people’s cognition, which makes people suddenly realize that the blind can also be competent for many ordinary people’s positions.

Enter China disabled employment and entrepreneurship network service platform, and find the job information of enterprises providing employment for visually disabled people. Among all 264 job recruitment information, only 32 are related to health massage, ranking third. The largest number of job types are skilled workers, with 58 posts. In addition, visually disabled people can also work as secretaries and typists. With the rapid development of Internet, blind anchor has become a new profession. Embracing digital technology will also be a new trend in the future career field of the blind.

Since the reform and opening up, China has also made great achievements in the construction of the rule of law in the cause of the disabled. Disabled people, including the blind, have obtained legal support and protection in the process of comprehensively governing the country according to law. These fully reflect the state’s attention and care for vulnerable groups such as the visually impaired. But we know that these efforts and actions are still on the road and will always be on the road.

The blind are not far from us. But for a long time, we seemed to be in two worlds. The blind man accidentally lost his light because of his fate. And we can’t be blind again and again in neglect.

The blindness of the blind can’t be chosen, but the light of society needs you and me to safeguard together. Igniting the bright light of society will eventually light up your world and mine.

The metal middle frame with exquisite glass backboard is not only high-end atmosphere, but also particularly textured, which is full of technology in your hand. This color scheme is really amazing. It can show rich and delicate color changes under different light, just like a work of art, which fully meets my high requirements for the face value of mobile phones. The body design of the mobile phone fits the palm of your hand very well, and the grip is great. You won’t feel tired after using it for a long time. The details are handled in place, and the rounded transition at the edge makes the whole more comfortable.

　　This year’s 618, as the sponsor, JD.COM will start at 8: 00 pm on May 31st, while Tmall intends to pre-sell at 8: 00 pm on the 13th. Therefore, JD.COM started the Heart Shopping Season at 8: 00 pm on the 13th. This also made the 618 e-commerce war 36 days ahead of schedule for the first time, thus becoming "the longest 618 in history".

　　As the head gun of "the longest 618 in history", Li Jiaqi, the head anchor of Tmall, started the pre-sale of 618 on the 13th. On the same day, JD.COM Supermarket officially announced that the live broadcast room of JD.COM Supermarket will be broadcast simultaneously with Li Jiaqi, and the same or similar goods will be sold in stock, and a 10% discount will be given on the price of the live broadcast room in Li Jiaqi, which is full of gunpowder.

　　It is understood that when you open the JD.COM APP and search for "JD.COM Supermarket Purchase and Sale", you can enter the JD.COM supermarket purchase and sale live room and buy 10% off the same spot goods in Li Jiaqi.

　　According to reports, with its exclusive "self-operated mode" advantage, JD.COM abandoned intermediate links, directly purchased from brands, and greatly reduced commodity prices with the advantage of large-scale procurement; At the same time, different from the live broadcast mode of other platforms, all the live broadcast rooms in JD.COM have "no pit fee and no commission", which will benefit consumers and realize the lowest price in the whole network.

　　Different from the anchors with goods on other platforms, JD.COM is an expert in a certain kind of goods, and the goods sold in the live broadcast room are one of the best in JD.COM, with the best quality and the highest cost performance. Data show that last year, the order volume of live broadcast rooms in double 11 and JD.COM increased by 3.8 times year-on-year.

　　It is understood that this year, JD.COM 618 integrated state subsidies, take-away sales of 10 billion yuan, agricultural subsidies of 10 billion yuan, and factory goods subsidies for the first time, bringing consumers the preferential treatment of "making up and making up".

　　On May 13th, Li Jiaqi said that it would start random red envelope rain in the live broadcast room, and set different red envelope limit numbers according to different fan levels. If the fan level is low, the number of red envelopes that can be grabbed will be greatly limited.

　　On the contrary, the live broadcast room of supermarket in JD.COM said that they would not classify users into three categories, and all consumers would be treated equally, with the same rights, they could receive the same red envelope, enjoy the same preferential strength and would not engage in price discrimination.

The year 2008 is a transitional ceremony of time renewal.

Say goodbye to the old year and enter the new year, and the time for a new cycle of four seasons will be regained, and human life will also enter a new journey. As the saying goes in China, "Nian" is called "Nian Guan", which inevitably reveals the meaning that it is not such an easy time threshold to pass the Chinese New Year.

China is rich in old customs, and there are also many taboos, which need people to treat and practice respectfully. Old people will say, "Chinese New Year is done day by day". The following "Chinese New Year’s Guide" is to take you through the Chinese New Year and teach you how to make the "Year" go by day.

New Year’s Eve: Say goodbye to the old, get rid of the special, and keep the lights on.

New year’s eve dinner The original hand-drawn painting is from the National Festival Handbook, Shanghai Museum (ed.), published by East China Normal University Press in April 2016.

The "year" of the ancients is more like a time pass that needs to be handled carefully than our current "year". According to Lu’s Spring and Autumn Annals and Ji Dong Ji, during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, people used drums to drive away "ghosts of epidemic diseases" on the day before the New Year to ensure the safety and health of the next year, which was called "eviction", so the evening (evening) of this day was called "New Year’s Eve". The earliest mention of the name "New Year’s Eve" is the "Notes on Local Customs" written by Zhou Chu in the Western Jin Dynasty, in which it is said: "Late years are related to feedback, which is called feedback. Wine and food are invited for another year. On New Year’s Eve, Da Dan didn’t sleep, which was called keeping the year. " Therefore, the so-called "New Year’s Eve", the old year will be removed this evening, and the new year will be replaced tomorrow. Its core words are "farewell to the old" and "removing the special". Su (su), that is, ghosts and demons.

Posting blessings, couplets and New Year pictures. The source of original hand-drawn drawings is the same as above.

During the day of New Year’s Eve, we will start to do the work of "removing the old and creating the new": we should go to the house to clean up the family; Adults and children bathe in turn, which is called "washing the old"; There are also "changing door gods, hanging clocks, nailing peach symbols and sticking spring cards", which means that door couplets, New Year pictures, blessings and the like must be replaced with new ones; If there are patients at home, the leftover dregs need to be thrown out, which is called "losing all diseases".

In the evening, when everyone sits together to have a New Year’s Eve dinner, it pays more attention to auspicious meaning. The essential food for northerners is jiaozi, which means "making friends at a younger age" when the new year and the old year alternate. Southerners eat spring rolls, rice cakes and the like, and the meaning of rice cakes is "high every year". There are also some auspicious foods, such as "fish with more than one year", "Nostoc flagelliforme" and water chestnut, which are also popular among people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces because they look like ingots.

Step on the age. Original hand drawingThe source is the same as above.

After the New Year’s Eve dinner, "Shounian" is not just sitting around, but also some interesting activities for recreation. For example, the popular "stepping on the old" in the northern region is to sprinkle sesame stalks on walking places such as courtyards, so that children can crush them and crack them, and the ghosts around them will be scared away. "Stepping on the old age" is actually "stepping on the precious". Similarly, the lucky money is actually "precious". In the era of using copper coins, lucky money should be threaded with brown rope, braided into a dragon shape and placed at the foot of a child’s bed.

On New Year’s Eve, one thing needs to be noted: the lights of vigil should stay on all night. As the folk saying goes, "Thirty fires, fifteen lights", it is the best way to drive away evil spirits with light!

From the first day to the fourth day: welcome the new year and celebrate the New Year, and keep taboos.

On New Year’s Day, we should get up early to welcome the new year. Because we have to set off firecrackers, go out to meet XiShen, and there are good men and women who want to go to the temple to burn incense at the age of four.

When the cock crows, firecrackers are set off first, and its intention, according to the "Record of the Age of Jingchu", is "to make the mountain ashamed of evil spirits". And "welcoming XiShen" means walking and worshipping Kyrgyzstan as mentioned in the almanac, and asking XiShen to bless himself at the age of one. In Shanghai, it’s also called "Happy God’s Prescription".

Happy new year. The source of original hand-drawn drawings is the same as above.

"Happy New Year" is an important theme at the beginning of the year. There is an order for New Year greetings. As far as folk families are concerned, the first is to worship the gods and ancestors, the second is to worship the elders and elders, and then the members of the family worship each other.

There are two points worth noting about New Year greetings. First of all, the traditional custom is to pay New Year greetings only at home on the first day, and not to go out to visit relatives and friends until the second day. Secondly, don’t make a mistake in the "bowing hand" ceremony in New Year’s greetings-China culture respects the left and takes the left as the yang, so when bowing, you need to make a fist with your right hand, palm your left hand, or wrap or cover your right fist. This bowing gesture is "Jibai"; On the contrary, it is fierce worship and can be used for mourning.

The first day is the first day of the new year, and people all hope that everything will go smoothly at the beginning of the year, which is a good sign. Therefore, there are many taboos on this day, and they often can’t be broken until the fifth day:

1. Avoid saying unlucky things. In case children spill the beans, many families put up a red note saying "Children’s words are unbridled" to crack it.

2. Avoid sweeping the floor, splashing water outside and taking out the garbage, because it is easy to sweep away the wealth at home. If the ground is dirty and must be swept, then sweep it inward, symbolizing that the treasure enters the door. After sweeping, put it in the trash can and keep it.

3. Avoid bathing, shampooing and washing clothes, so as not to wash away the good fortune of the year.

4, avoid breaking the cups and bowls. If you accidentally break the dishes, quickly say "peace".

5, when eating, avoid using boiled water to soak rice, and avoid using soup to soak rice, otherwise you will be lucky in the New Year.

"Mice Marry" paper-cut.

As the saying goes, "the first day is early, the second day is early, and the third day is full." The Chinese New Year is very busy and tiring these days. On the third night, people need to give themselves a reason to go to bed early, that is, "a mouse marries a woman". Everyone turns off the lights and goes to sleep early, so as not to disturb the happy event of mice marrying women. People often sprinkle some rice grains or cake crumbs on the corner of the house as a wedding gift to show that they can share a year’s harvest with mice. Therefore, New Year pictures and paper-cuts of "Mice Marry Women" and "Mice Marry" are also regarded as mascots among the people, and can be posted on walls or windows during the New Year.

The fifth day and the sixth day: break the ban, send the poor and welcome the god of wealth.

Set off firecrackers to welcome the god of wealth. The source of original hand-drawn drawings is the same as above.

In Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, there is a very important god to meet on the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, that is, the God of Wealth, also known as the "Road Head God" or "Five Road God". "Five roads", as the name implies, are rich in things, north and south. Everyone loves the god of wealth, and it is very popular. The sooner you receive it, the more effective it will be. Therefore, it is said that the fifth day is the day to meet the gods, but people want to "grab the road" early on the fourth night.

Gu Lu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, described this great event in Wu in Qing Jia Lu: "The fifth day of the first month is the birthday of Lu Tou Shen. Golden gongs and firecrackers, which are sacrificed to the past, are eager to make a profit, and they must get up early to meet them, which is called the end of the road. " After receiving God, everyone still has to eat road wine, often until dawn.

Shanghai welcomes the god of wealth with carp, also known as "silver ingot fish", and fishmongers call it "sending silver ingot fish". These customs, Yuan Zuzhi’s "Poems of Bamboo Branches on the Sea" wrote: "Yuanbao shouted to send it in, and Caidong made a fortune again tonight; Carps don’t jump into the dragon gate, but also offer gold and silver to Taiwan. “

There are also secular reasons for welcoming the god of wealth on the fourth night and the early morning of the fifth day. In the old days, Chinese New Year shops closed their doors on New Year’s Eve and reopened on the fifth day of the first month. This is connected with the god of wealth, so that we can "open the door to see wealth" and "make rich resources" smoothly and profitably.

Go poor. The source of original hand-drawn drawings is the same as above.

On the fifth day of the fifth day, the more popular customs in northern China are "breaking the fifth day" and "sending the poor", which belong to taboo and blessing activities. "Breaking Five", that is, those taboos in the past few days, can be lifted after this day. And "sending the poor" is also related to this. The garbage that was not dumped in order to accumulate wealth before was just cleaned up on this day, and this attention became "sending the poor".

There are many ways to send the poor. It’s simply that firecrackers are ringing in the morning and the garbage is dumped out of the door. The more complicated thing is to cut a villain ("poor daughter-in-law") with paper, and even let her carry a paper bag filled with garbage outside the door and burn it. In Han Yu’s "Send the Poor", it is mentioned that it is necessary to "make a car out of willows, bind grass as a boat, carry grain, tie the ox under the yoke, and sail on the pole" for the poor. That is to say, when sending the poor, it is necessary to prepare vehicles, boats and dry food for the poor and send them away quickly.

The ceremony of "seeing the poor off" can also be held on the sixth day of the sixth day, even on the dark day of the first month. Han Yu’s "sending the poor" is in the dark days. Dark day, that is, the last day of each month in the lunar calendar, and the dark day in the first month of the year, that is, "the first dark day", is particularly valued.

The seventh day: "People’s Day", Dai Sheng, seven dishes soup.

The seventh day of the Lunar New Year is "People’s Day", and the previous six days are "Livestock Day". The Chronicle of Jingchu’s Age quoted Dong Xun’s Asking about Etiquette and Custom as saying: "On the first day of the first month, you will be a chicken, on the second day, a dog, on the third day, a pig, on the fourth day, a sheep, on the fifth day, a cow, on the sixth day, a horse, and on the seventh day, you will be a human being. Zhengdan painted a chicken on the door and posted it on the account on the seventh day. " Therefore, "Today, no chickens, no dogs, no pigs, no sheep, no cattle, no horses, no execution, and no execution."

Dai Ren wins. The source of original hand-drawn drawings is the same as above.

The important custom of "People’s Day" on the seventh day of the seventh day is "wearing people to win", so "People’s Day" is also called "People’s Victory Festival". Human victory is a kind of ornament. Women cut the ribbon for flowers, or cut the ribbon for people, or carve gold foil for people, stick it on screens, bed curtains, or wear it in their hair to pray for blessings and avoid disasters. "Chronicle of Jingchu’s Years Old" explains the meaning of "Dai Ren Sheng", which means that "those who cut the ribbon will enter the New Year, and the description will be changed from the new one", that is, the New Year will take on a new look. This custom has been popular since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it has been paid more and more attention since the Tang Dynasty. On every "People’s Day", the emperor gave the ministers colorful decorations to win, and gave them a big banquet to compose poems for the holidays, while the people cut the ribbon and gave them to each other. In Li Yuan’s poem "Cut the Ribbon" in the Tang Dynasty, there is a poem "A gift of money is given to a blind date, and a silver hairpin is decorated with a phoenix; Two birds in a row, two bridge people ".

The festive food of "People’s Day" is "seven-dish soup", which is a soup made by chopping seven kinds of vegetables and cooking them together. If you eat them, you can pray for the New Year and prevent all diseases. This food custom has declined in modern times. But interestingly, Japan will eat "seven grass porridge" on January 7th. This custom has been popular among Japanese people since the Edo period. In Japanese haiku, there is praise for seven grass porridge "The porridge tastes good and the intestines are longing for the Soviet Union". In fact, this custom was introduced from the ancient and popular seven dishes soup in China.

Recently, it unveiled its second model, Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008, which is positioned as a "family intelligent large SUV". It has a length of 5002mm, a wheelbase of 3025mm, and a 6-seat home layout of "2 + 2 + 2". The excellent body size makes Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 have very strong space attributes, making it a veritable "536" model. In this regard, we have also had a test drive experience of the vehicle and share with you some of the experience after the test drive.

In the actual test drive, the eπ 008 has three modes: pure electric priority, fuel priority, and mixed gasoline and electricity. The power response is still very positive, and it is more suitable for household use. It is recommended to drive pure electric priority in daily cities. While saving energy and being cost-effective, you can also enjoy the light driving experience brought by the tram.

When passing through the fine and bumpy road section, the filter of Dongfeng Yipai Eπ 008 is relatively in place, and it is generally comfortable. In steering, although driving such a big guy, the steering is still very flexible and not clumsy.

The NVH performance of the new car is also good. The eπ 008 uses 265/45 R21 size Continental silent tires. When driving on the gravel road at a speed of 90km/h, the noise in the car is about 75.8dB. When driving on high-speed sections, the wind noise control is good, and the wind sound is hardly audible. However, the tire noise of the vehicle is slightly obvious, which may be caused by the large tire width.

After saying dynamic, look at static

From the appearance, the EPi 008 adopts a closed front face design, which is also one of the popular features of the moment. The entire front part looks very sturdy, giving a very heavy feeling. The through light strip divides the front face into two, and there is a relatively complex built-in light source inside, which can support a variety of lights when lit, especially at night to create a very cool atmosphere.

On the side of the body, it is worth mentioning that there is also a small window between the C-pillar and the D-pillar, which can make the third-row passengers not feel depressed. In addition, the D-pillar is also equipped with a digital rhythm charging indicator light, which will produce different light changes when the vehicle is charging. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the Dongfeng Yipai e π 008 are 5002mm × 1972mm × 1732mm, the wheelbase is 3025mm, and the positioning of the medium and large SUV is 0.268Cd.

At the rear of the car, the eπ 008 also uses a through-type taillight, and the internal lattice light source shape echoes the front of the car, which is highly recognizable after lighting.

Entering the car, the interior of the eπ 008 continues the interior design style, which is as windy as the appearance. Although the shape is simple, the texture is online. The six-seat layout of 2 + 2 + 2 will be more suitable for large families and can take care of everyone’s comfort.

Intelligent configuration,E π 008The intelligent cockpit is composed of an 8.8-inch instrument and a 15.6-inch central control screen. The car is the mainstream chip, and the impression I get from using it is that the screen is large, the car responds quickly, and the mainstream functions can be found quickly. The voice system responds quickly, and it can be 100% voice-controlled on the car-machine interface. The overall experience does not differ much from other models.

In terms of space, adjust the second row of seats to the final state. After riding with a height of 170cm, there is still room for more than 3 punches in the legs. After adjusting the second row to the remaining 2 punches, the third row of legroom also has 3 fingers of wealth. When 6 people travel at the same time, the third row is more suitable for passengers with a height of less than 175cm.Among them, you can also choose seats, leg supports, small table boards, headrests, and sunshades on the right side, which are all equipped with rich functions.

Write to the end

As a medium and large SUV, the Eπ 008 shows excellent competitiveness in terms of appearance, interior, comfort, power and intelligent configuration. The price of the 216,600 is also relatively close to the people. Recently, there are preferential policies, and the price of the limited-time car starts from 18,86 yuan. Interested friends can go to the store for a test drive and learn about your local preferential situation by the way.

Tesla will also launch a low-cost electric car! According to foreign media reports, Tesla recently disclosed the specific specifications, price and listing schedule of the low-cost electric car "Model Q" at the enterprise briefing (IR) for Deutsche Bank. It is reported that the Model Q is a small hatchback with a total length of less than 4m. It is equipped with a low-cost Ferrous lithium phosphate (LFP) battery, and the driving distance on a single charge will be close to 500km.

In terms of price, the actual purchase price of Model Q is expected to be less than $30,000 if it accepts the tax relief from the US government. This is more than $6,000 cheaper than Tesla’s current popular model "Model 3".

Tesla’s launch of low-priced models may be due to the competition with China’s BYD’s Dolphin or Volkswagen’s ID.3. It is worth mentioning that the hatchback style is aimed at the European market, which may also be Tesla’s counterattack against BYD, which has expanded its position in Europe.

And China BYD is also rapidly entering the world market. The most exported products of BYD are Dolphin and Yuan plus, and their names in overseas markets are Dolpin and Atto3 respectively. It is expected that these two cars will also compete with Tesla’s low-priced models. In particular, BYD is about to enter the Korean market, so it has attracted much attention. BYD Korea plans to open its first exhibition hall in Jiangxi District of Seoul in January next year to display "ATTO 3".

BYD Dolphin

Experts predict that the trend of low-priced models in the electric vehicle market will be more obvious next year. The aggressive pricing policies of Tesla and BYD may advance the popularization of electric vehicles. However, changes in government subsidy policies and the global economic situation may become variables and need close attention.

Industry-related analysts said: "Next year’s electric vehicle market will be fierce competition between multinational companies centered on Tesla and BYD and traditional automobile brands Volkswagen, Toyota and Hyundai. This will provide consumers with a variety of choices and become an opportunity to popularize electric vehicles in advance. "

　　Cctv news2017 is about to pass. Looking back on this year, the main line of "benefiting people’s livelihood" runs through the whole year. Among them, as an important part of people’s livelihood work, social security has undergone at least the following ten important changes in 2017, which have a positive impact on your life and mine.

　　Pensions ushered in "13 consecutive rises"

　　[change]In 2017, pensions continued to increase, achieving "13 consecutive rises". The basic pension level of more than 100 million retirees has been raised by about 5.5%.The pensions of the elderly retirees and retirees from enterprises in remote and hard areas have risen a little more appropriately.

　　[influence]Pensions rise, retirees get more money, and life is more secure. Wu Yue, a 79-year-old retired doctor in Beijing, said: "My current pension level has reached more than 5,600 yuan (monthly), which is enough!"

　　The endowment insurance fund began to invest and operate.

　　[change]This year’s pension has started the pace of investment and operation. According to the data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in November, the investment in the basic old-age insurance fund has been carried out steadily.The governments of nine provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing and Anhui signed entrusted investment contracts with the Social Security Fund Council.The total contract amount is 430 billion yuan, of which 180 billion yuan has been received and investment has begun.

　　[influence]Chu Fuling, director of the China Social Security Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that at present, the pressure of providing for the aged is increasing day by day. Under the principle of safe investment and steady investment, it is necessary to invest the surplus funds of the old-age insurance fund in various ways, which is conducive to improving the income level and realizing the preservation and appreciation of the fund.

　　Inter-provincial medical treatment in different places can be directly settled.

　　[change]In 2017, breakthroughs were made in the direct settlement of medical treatment across provinces. As of October 31,All provincial medical treatment settlement systems and all co-ordination areas in China have been connected to the national medical treatment settlement system in different places.On the basis of this, the number of designated medical institutions across provinces in China has increased to 7,688, and the number of registered people has reached 1.81 million.

　　[influence]Direct settlement of medical treatment across provinces and different places saves the insured from the trouble of padding money and running back and forth. Tang Jisong, director of the Social Insurance Management Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that all eligible insured persons can use this system to realize direct settlement of hospitalization expenses across provinces and different places, without having to advance their own funds and then reimburse them at the insured place.

　　Some state-owned assets enrich the social security fund.

　　[change]In November, the State Council announced the "Implementation Plan for the Transfer of Some State-owned Capital to Enrich the Social Security Fund", which is clearThe transfer ratio is unified to 10% of the state-owned shares of the enterprise.And asked to select some central enterprises and some provinces to carry out pilot projects in 2017.

　　[influence]Zhang Yinghua, an executive researcher at the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that with the "blood transfusion" of the social security fund, it will alleviate the pension gap, avoid transferring the gap to the next generation, realize intergenerational equity, and at the same time help to ensure the timely and full payment of pensions and resolve the impact of the aging population on the old-age insurance system.

　　Unified bookkeeping interest rate of employee pension insurance personal account

　　[change]According to the Measures for Unifying and Standardizing the Bookkeeping Interest Rate of Personal Accounts of Employee Endowment Insurance issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in April 2017,Unify the bookkeeping interest rate of individual accounts of basic old-age insurance for employees of government agencies, institutions and enterprises,Published by the state every year. The bookkeeping interest rate should be mainly determined by considering the factors such as the salary increase of employees and the balance of funds, and adjusted through reasonable coefficients. The bookkeeping interest rate shall not be lower than the bank time deposit interest rate.

　　[influence]In the opinion of experts, it is helpful to realize institutional fairness to uniformly determine the bookkeeping interest rate of individual accounts of basic old-age insurance for government agencies, institutions and enterprise employees. The bookkeeping interest rate should not be lower than the bank time deposit interest rate, which will help guide the insured to actively participate in the insurance and pay in full, and ensure the basic life of the insured after retirement.

　　Maternity and medical insurance were merged and implemented.

　　[change]In 2017, Handan, Jinzhong, Shenyang, Taizhou, Hefei, Weihai, Zhengzhou, Yueyang, Zhuhai, Chongqing, Neijiang and Kunming, etc.Twelve cities have launched pilot projects for the merger of maternity insurance and basic medical insurance for employees.. The pilot will be launched before the end of June 2017, and the pilot period will be about one year.

　　[influence]According to the requirements, maternity insurance and medical insurance are combined, and the maternity insurance benefits of employees during childbirth remain unchanged. Yang Yansui, director of Tsinghua University Employment and Social Security Research Center, said that because the reimbursement rate of medical insurance in some places has reached 80%-90%, and the reimbursement rate of maternity insurance is still below 70%, the maternity insurance benefits in these places may be improved after the merger.

　　Unemployment insurance rates are reduced and unemployment benefits are increased.

　　[change]On the one hand, it is to reduce the payment rate. From January 1, 2017, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with a total unemployment insurance rate of 1.5% can reduce the total rate to 1%, and the period for reducing the rate will be implemented until April 30, 2018. On the other hand, it is to raise the standard of unemployment benefits. According to the Guiding Opinions on Adjusting Unemployment Insurance Standards issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance,Gradually raise the unemployment insurance premium to 90% of the minimum wage.

　　[influence]Unemployment insurance is jointly paid by the unit and the employees. With the reduction of the rate, the burden on enterprises will be further reduced, and the wages of employees may increase more or less. The unemployment benefit standard has been raised to 90% of the minimum wage standard, and the life of the unemployed is more secure.

　　Enterprise employees can apply for skills upgrading subsidies.

　　[change]An important function of unemployment insurance is to stabilize employment and prevent unemployment. In 2017, unemployment insurance ushered in a new policy.Eligible enterprise employees can apply for a large number of skills upgrading subsidies.The first application condition is to participate in unemployment insurance according to law and pay unemployment insurance premiums for more than 36 months (including 36 months); The second is to obtain primary (level 5), intermediate (level 4) and advanced (level 3) vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill level certificates from January 1, 2017.

　　[influence]The person in charge of the unemployment insurance department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that this has mobilized the enthusiasm of employees to learn vocational skills to a certain extent, which is conducive to stabilizing employment and preventing unemployment. According to estimates, about 2 million employees will benefit every year.

　　It is planned to pay pension and medical insurance for the unemployed.

　　[change]In November 2017, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security publicly solicited opinions on the Unemployment Insurance Regulations (Revised Draft for Comment). Compared with the current regulations, the opinion draft has addedPay the basic old-age insurance premium, vocational skill appraisal subsidy and entrepreneurship subsidy for the unemployed., willMedicaid is adjusted to pay the basic medical insurance premium..

　　[influence]The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security pointed out that the payment of basic old-age insurance premiums has solved the problem of the interruption of the payment of old-age insurance for the unemployed and relieved the worries of the unemployed. Paying the basic medical insurance premium ensures that the unemployed enjoy medical insurance benefits, and solves the problem of "getting medical care for the sick" during the period when the unemployed receive the payment.

　　Industrial injury insurance benefits are adjusted at least once every two years.

　　[change]In July 2017, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment and Determination Mechanism of Work-related Injury Insurance Benefits, which made it clear thatIn principle, the treatment of industrial injury insurance shall be adjusted at least once every two years..

　　[influence]From the outside world, with the development of economy and society, the average wage and living expenses of employees have changed. It is not only the inherent requirement of the industrial injury insurance system, but also the proper meaning of protecting the rights and interests of the insured.

　　▌ This article Source: China News Network

On the morning of June 25th, the 43rd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th National People’s Congress held a joint group meeting to make a special inquiry on the implementation of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and the Decision of the Standing Committee of Tangshan Municipal People’s Congress on Strengthening the Comprehensive Improvement of Weishan Fengshan Regional Environment. At the meeting, 11 members of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress, in combination with the actual environmental protection work in our city, inquired about the prevention and control of air pollution in our city, the management and restoration of mine environment, the strengthening of emission reduction in the steel industry, the implementation of the "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality" plan, and the treatment of rural domestic garbage in the comprehensive environmental management of Weishan and Fengshan. The whole inquiry deepened members’ understanding of the implementation of "one law, one decision", responded to social concerns, and the special inquiry achieved the expected purpose. Today, the special issue published a special inquiry record.

Ask
Problems in air pollution prevention and control and next steps

Member Gong Ruikun:The ecological environment is the greatest livelihood, and the prevention and control of air pollution is related to the quality of life and happiness index of the people in the city, and the people also have blue sky, white clouds and stars shining. With the joint efforts of the municipal government and relevant departments, the prevention and control of air pollution in our city has achieved remarkable results, but the situation of air pollution prevention and control is still grim, and there is still a big gap in completing the task of "falling back ten". What are the main problems in the prevention and control of air pollution in our city at present? What measures should be taken next?

Gao Qingli, Director of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment:In view of the slow progress of ultra-low emission assessment and monitoring in iron and steel enterprises, the next step will be to strictly implement the requirements of the Opinions on Promoting the Implementation of Ultra-low Emission in Iron and Steel Industry issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other five ministries and commissions, accelerate the transformation of organized and unorganized emissions in iron and steel enterprises, promote the construction of clean transportation capacity of bulk materials, improve the scientific and technological supervision systems such as online monitoring, video monitoring, production parameter monitoring and access control video monitoring system, guide enterprises to carry out ultra-low emission assessment and monitoring, and strive for more enterprises to complete publicity and achieve a B.

In view of the problem that the fine control of pollution sources within 1 km and 5 km around the national control points is not in place, and the data of some national control points are on the high side, which has raised the city’s comprehensive index, the next step will be to fully implement the Decision of the Municipal People’s Congress on Strengthening the Comprehensive Environmental Improvement of Fengshan Area in Weishan, and promote the closure of 19 independent lime kilns around the national control points such as Kaiping, Guye and Fengnan, and within the Second Ring Road. Set up a special class to tackle the problem of fine pollution control at national control points, formulate fine control plans one by one, establish a four-level package assistance mechanism for municipal, county and municipal ecological and environmental bureaus and sub-bureaus, make and distribute maps of fine control of pollution sources at 1 km and 5 km of 11 national control points, randomly check the package of national control points, and make unannounced visits to national control points in conjunction with municipal radio and television stations, notify inspections every week, and supervise the rectification of problems.

In view of the outstanding problem of dust pollution, PM10 has only improved by 1 μ g/m3 in the past six months. In the next step, the "Several Provisions on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Tangshan City" will be taken as the legal criterion to crack down on all kinds of construction projects, mining and processing of mineral resources, enterprise material yards, etc., and the illegal storage of materials that are prone to dust in the open air. Strengthen the supervision and dispatch mechanism of municipal leaders, strictly implement the "Tangshan Dust Pollution Control Plan" and the "Tangshan Dust Pollution Control Assessment Plan", highlight the joint treatment of six dusts such as construction sites, roads, exposed ground, yards, mines and ports, strengthen the monitoring and assessment of dust and dust accumulation, and compact the main responsibilities of local party committees and governments. Set up a special class for dust work, carry out daily inspections, and establish a closed-loop mechanism of finding problems-assigning problems-supervising rectification. Covering the exposed ground around the encryption national control point, cleaning the road by wet sweeping, and sprinkling water at least 12 times a day. Strengthen the navigation monitoring of dust load, and regularly report and report to the main and in charge leaders of the municipal government. Through daily exposure, weekly sailing, semi-monthly notification and monthly ranking, the responsibilities of the territories and relevant municipal departments are continuously compacted.

In view of the slow progress of the "revolving railway" and the low proportion of railway transportation in iron and steel enterprises, the construction of the "revolving railway" will be further accelerated in the next step, and all railway special lines that are not close to the port will reach the designed transportation capacity, and all those close to the port will realize clean transportation of pipe corridors or waterway transportation. Before the end of the year, the transportation proportion of completed special railway lines will reach more than 80%; Those that fail to meet the national emission standards are all transported by electric heavy trucks, hydrogen heavy trucks or automobiles that meet the national six emission standards.

In view of the low level of cleanliness of the vehicle use structure, the next step will be to assist the public security to speed up the elimination and upgrading of high-emission diesel trucks in the third and fourth countries, and promote the application of new energy vehicles such as electric heavy trucks and hydrogen heavy trucks. Public security, transportation, ecological environment, development and reform, commerce and other departments will work together to complete the elimination of diesel trucks of Grade III and below by the end of June; For national four diesel trucks, we will strengthen the control of high-emission vehicles in prohibited areas and key vehicle units, prohibit the use of vehicles of national four and below, and repair and replace pollution control devices or eliminate those that exceed the standard.

Second question on the implementation of the "Decision"

Yao Shujun member:Strengthening the management and restoration of mine environment is an important part of the comprehensive environmental improvement in Fengshan area of Weishan. What has the Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning done since the implementation of the Decision of the Standing Committee of Tangshan Municipal People’s Congress on Strengthening the Comprehensive Environmental Improvement in Fengshan area of Weishan? What measures will be taken in the next step to promote governance and restoration?

Duan Caiqin, Deputy Director of the Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning:Since the implementation of the Decision of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress on Strengthening the Comprehensive Improvement of the Environment in Fengshan Area of Weishan, the following tasks have been carried out: First, the net-hauling method has been implemented, and the work base has been cleared up, so as to find out that there are 62 mine sites lost by the responsible subjects in this area, including 47 in Kaiping District and 15 in guye district. Second, combined with the governance tasks assigned by the provinces and cities, based on the actual work of our city, we guided the local government to formulate a three-year governance plan and compiled a governance plan to provide scientific guidance for the implementation of mine governance and restoration. The third is to go deep into the field supervision, urge the local government to keep an eye on the task objectives, organize the implementation of project management according to the law and procedures, and organize experts to accept the mine sites that have been managed in time. By the end of 2020, Kaiping District invested 320 million yuan and guye district invested 250 million yuan to harness Baicha Mountain with advanced spray seeding technology, and completed the annual harness task of 54 mine sites. The harness effect was initially obvious, and the overall mine environment was greatly improved. The remaining eight sites have been included in this year’s governance task. According to the requirements of one mine and one policy, governance plans have been compiled, bidding has been completed and all of them have entered the site for construction. Up to now, two sites have been completed, which are expected to be completed before the end of the year, so as to realize the restoration and clearing of the lost mine sites of the main responsible body in Fengshan area of Weishan. Next, we will continue to strengthen the supervision and guidance of local governments, implement dynamic monitoring of the sites that have been managed, continue to carry out in-depth post-conservation and high-standard greening, and further carry out in-depth comprehensive management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes by using relevant national policies to effectively realize the overall improvement of the regional environment.

How to ensure the smooth implementation of the "revolutionary railway"

Member of Zhou Jinghui:In order to win the blue sky defense war, our city has made great efforts to promote the optimization of transportation structure and the work of "revolving railway". During the law enforcement inspection, it was found that the construction of special railway lines was slow and the established objectives and tasks were not completed. What measures should the NDRC take to promote the smooth implementation of "revolving railway"?

Zhang Guoshun, the second researcher of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission:Accelerating the "revolving iron" of bulk material transportation in enterprises is the requirement of promoting the adjustment of transportation structure, comprehensive control of air pollution and high-quality transformation and development of enterprises. Since 2018, according to the deployment requirements of the state, province, municipal party committee and municipal government on winning the blue sky defense war, promoting the adjustment of transportation structure and comprehensive control of air pollution, and focusing on effectively solving the problem of slow growth of railway freight capacity, the city has vigorously promoted the construction of a number of local railway trunk lines, special railway lines for iron and steel enterprises and the "revolution of iron" for bulk material transportation. Although it has made progress in stages so far, according to the requirements of the central and provincial environmental supervision and rectification and the work of the municipal party committee and municipal government,

At present and in the next step, we will focus on goal orientation, responsibility orientation and problem orientation in accordance with the work deployment of the municipal party committee and municipal government, and do the following work vigorously: First, ensure the progress of the construction of the special line project for iron and steel enterprises. In accordance with the rectification plan for the problems found by the central environmental protection inspector and the provincial environmental protection inspector, which has been formulated by cities and counties, we will, in conjunction with the relevant municipal departments, supervise the relevant counties (cities) and project units, further improve their political stance, unify their ideological understanding, enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, promote the railway special line project of iron and steel enterprises under construction, improve the "five ones" working mechanism and decisive battle scheduling mechanism, compact their responsibilities and fight on wall charts, and fight against key parts and difficult problems. The second is to intensify efforts to strengthen the capacity of railway passages. Do a good job in systematization, closely coordinate with the National Railway Group Corporation to speed up the implementation of the reinforcement of the national railway passage and important station nodes, and speed up the construction and implementation of key projects such as the electrification transformation of Qiluan Railway, the capacity expansion of Caofeidian South Station, and the tie line project between Tuanpiaozhuang Station of Zhangtang Railway and Zunhua South Station of Tangzun Railway, so as to provide a reliable guarantee for giving full play to the capacity and efficiency of enterprise special railway lines. The third is to vigorously organize and promote the transportation of "revolutionary iron". Supervise and coordinate to speed up the progress in the construction of the iron ore railway loading system in Caofeidian Port Area and Jingtang Port Area, and ensure that the iron ore railway loading capacity of Caofeidian Port Area and Jingtang Port Area will be 80 million tons and 68 million tons respectively by the end of 2022. Further improve and perfect policies,Through comprehensive measures such as policy guidance, control reversal, assessment and incentives, we will guide and promote the enthusiasm of enterprises to implement the "revolving iron" for bulk material transportation, and by 2022, non-port iron and steel enterprises will fully realize the "revolving iron" for railway ore transportation.

Four questions on how to strengthen enterprise supervision

Member Wang Yusheng:The Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in People’s Republic of China (PRC) proposes to establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for heavy polluted weather in this administrative region. The emergency early warning mechanism involves measures for related enterprises to stop production, limit production and reduce emissions. How does the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology strengthen enterprise supervision?

Hu Xiaogang, Deputy Director of the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology:The specific measures to strengthen enterprise supervision are as follows: First, strengthen organizational leadership and clarify the division of responsibilities. According to the spirit of the document Emergency Plan for Heavy Pollution Weather in Tangshan City (Tang Zheng Ban Zi [2021] No.37), in order to thoroughly implement the work requirements of "managing the industry and managing environmental protection", our bureau has set up a leading group for emergency response to heavy pollution weather, which is responsible for coordinating and promoting the emergency response to heavy pollution weather. In order to further strengthen the system guarantee, our bureau has successively formulated the Special Implementation Plan for Emergency Response to Heavy Pollution Weather of Tangshan Bureau of Industry and Information Technology (2021) and the Supervision Plan for Emergency Response to Heavy Pollution Weather, which scientifically and pragmatically detailed the implementation measures and laid a solid foundation for the accurate supervision of emergency response to heavy pollution weather in enterprises. Led by the bureau leaders, the elite personnel in the industry offices were transferred, and nine special supervision and inspection teams for emergency response to heavily polluted weather were set up to clarify the contents and specific requirements of supervision and inspection in enterprises, ensure smooth working lines and reasonable moving lines, effectively consolidate the supervision responsibility in enterprises in terms of organization and system, and effectively ensure that enterprises implement emergency emission reduction measures. The second is to strengthen training drills and strengthen team building. The Municipal Atmospheric Office organized the relevant county (city, district) governments to transfer 248 people, and set up a talent pool of emergency response supervisors in enterprises for heavy polluted weather. In order to improve the business ability of employees stationed in enterprises and promote the development of environmental protection management, on March 24, our bureau, in conjunction with the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, carried out business training for employees stationed in enterprises, and hired experts in steel, coking and cement to give professional explanations on the production processes, procedures, important pollution discharge points and measures to be taken in heavily polluted weather in key industries;From March 26th to 27th, 100 resident supervisors from 25 iron and steel enterprises were organized to conduct on-site drills in Guye Guoyi Iron and Steel, Qian ‘an Yanshan Iron and Steel and Fengnan Ruifeng Iron and Steel respectively. From April 7th to 8th, 128 resident supervisors of coking and cement were organized to conduct on-site drills in Fengnan Dafeng Coking, Luanzhou Meijin Coking and guye district Jidong Sanyou Cement respectively, which effectively improved the business ability of the resident employees. The third is to strengthen supervision and inspection to improve supervision efficiency. From March 25th to 30th, after the city started the work of key enterprises stationed in enterprises, our bureau organized the full coverage supervision and inspection of 23 long-process iron and steel enterprises with performance rating of Grade B or below in the city for the first time. From the inspection situation, the measures of limiting production and reducing emissions by the Municipal Atmospheric Office were all implemented. From April 21 to 30, during the start-up of key enterprises in the city, our bureau once again carried out the second round of full coverage supervision and inspection, and found no problem that enterprises did not implement emission reduction measures in place. In the next step, our bureau will resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of "managing the industry and environmental protection", strictly implement the work requirements of the Emergency Plan for Heavy Pollution Weather in Tangshan City, and continue to strengthen the supervision of key gas-related enterprises in conjunction with the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment to ensure that enterprises fully implement emission reduction measures, and make greater contributions to accelerating the pace of "falling back ten" and achieving green development and high-quality development in our city.

Five questions about dust control measures in construction sites

Member Zhang Caiwen:The dust pollution control work on construction sites is of great significance in the "Retreat Ten Years" tough battle. In the process of law enforcement inspection, it was found that there were some problems such as nonstandard cleaning devices for vehicles entering and leaving, serious floating dust on construction roads, and inadequate dust suppression by fog guns. What measures did the Housing and Construction Bureau take to control the dust on construction sites?

Li Zaidong, Director of the Municipal Housing and Construction Bureau:In accordance with the work arrangement of the provincial party committee and the provincial government for Tangshan in 2021 and the work requirements of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress for "one law and one decision", our bureau will take the dust control in construction as one of the key measures for "ten steps back". Focus on the following work measures: First, the "Environmental Protection Director System for Housing Construction Sites" was formulated and promulgated. Clarify the main responsibilities of the project construction unit, construction unit and supervision unit for environmental protection work on the construction site, improve the responsibility system, and implement strict reward and punishment measures for the three responsible parties. For example, if the environmental protection director is punished twice during his tenure, the Municipal Housing and Construction Bureau will advise his unit to cancel his qualifications as environmental protection director and deputy director. After the qualification of environmental protection director and deputy director is cancelled, they shall not be the person in charge of the construction unit, the project manager of the construction unit and the chief supervision engineer of the supervision unit within 2 years within the administrative area of Tangshan City. Second, the "Thirteen Fine Control Measures for Dust Pollution in Building Construction Sites" was formulated and promulgated. The control measures clarified the key points of supervision: strengthening the control measures of the construction site in the core demonstration area within 1 km of the national control point. It is required to add a flexible enclosure of not less than 2 meters on the original enclosure; The standard of on-site roofing has been improved, and the exposed ground of all housing construction sites is covered with a dense mesh of not less than 2000 mesh; To further improve the standard of vehicle washing facilities, it is required to set up closed washing facilities for vehicles and install automatic opening washing devices at the entrance of the site. The third is to continue to implement the measures of strengthening supervision and "strict management and heavy punishment". Since March, the downtown area has been inspected.In 1551 housing construction sites (south of Lunan and north of Lubei), 2454 dust control problems were found, including 2365 problems caused by the establishment of the bank, 61 rectification notices were issued within a time limit for the problems found, 13 rectification notices were issued for shutdown, and 15 projects were punished for dust control problems, with a fine of 710,000 yuan, which played a certain role in promoting the dust control work in housing construction sites.

How to improve the dust control level of national and provincial trunk roads

Member Xu Weiguo:Transportation in our city now mainly depends on roads, and road dust pollution is the focus of our city’s governance. How can the Transportation Bureau accurately control and improve the dust control level of national and provincial trunk roads?

Zheng Jianguo, Deputy Director of the Municipal Transportation Bureau:The city’s transportation system focuses on the goal of "stepping back ten years", highlighting the key points of dust control on national and provincial trunk roads, studying and formulating six work plans, including the Special Implementation Plan for Dust Control on Highway Transportation in Tangshan City, and issuing them in the name of the Municipal Atmospheric Office. A dust office was set up specially, and 13 business backbones were transferred to form four supervision teams to carry out normalized and accurate supervision and inspection on dust control of national and provincial trunk roads and dust reduction of traffic project construction sites in the city. Since the beginning of this year, a total of 1,462 inspectors have been dispatched, with 7,525 inspection points, 2,930 problems found during inspection, and 452 supervision orders have been issued, all of which have been rectified in place.

In order to continuously improve the dust control level of national and provincial trunk roads, our bureau takes the following three measures: First, improve the level of mechanized sweeping of national and provincial trunk roads, and supervise counties (cities) to purchase mechanized sprinkling and cleaning equipment according to the standard of one vehicle every 5 kilometers of ordinary national and provincial trunk roads. At present, the city has newly purchased 58 mechanized cleaning equipment, and the total number of mechanized cleaning equipment for national and provincial trunk roads has reached 254. The mechanized cleaning rate of urban entrances and exits and trunk roads around the city has reached 100%, and the mechanized cleaning rate of other road sections has reached 91.5%. The second is to implement centralized repair of damaged roads. Three working groups were set up, with 24 vehicles and 66 personnel, and 18 counties (cities) and 9 toll operation management units were combined to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the pavement damage of highways in the city, and 244 sections of damaged roads were found, with a damaged area of 355,900 square meters. Combined with the specific conditions of the damaged pavement, the repair plan was formulated item by item, and more than 40,000 square meters of damaged pavement have been repaired. The third is to promote the construction of a "trinity" highway comprehensive service area. Supervise the county (city) district government to implement the territorial responsibility, and coordinate and accelerate the planning and construction of the "Trinity" comprehensive service area. At present, two comprehensive service areas in Fengrun District have been completed and put into use last year, and the county (city) district governments will speed up the construction of the remaining "trinity" comprehensive service areas according to local conditions, and it is expected that all new projects will be completed by the end of the year.

How to Strengthen Emission Reduction in Steel Industry

Member Wang Yigang:The iron and steel industry is a big profit and tax collector in our city, and it is also the main source of air pollution in our city. How can the Bureau of Ecology and Environment make precise policies and targeted treatment to strengthen the emission reduction of the iron and steel industry?

Gao Qingli, Director of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment:The first is to tighten pollutant discharge standards. Issued and implemented the "Special Requirements on the Implementation of Air Pollutant Emission in Iron and Steel and Thermal Power Industries", and adjusted the current emission standards of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the sintering machine head (pellets) to 10mg/m3, 35mg/m3 and 50mg/m3 respectively.
20mg/m3, 30mg/m3; Emission standards for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides of hot stoves: 10 mg/m3, 50 mg/m3 and 150 mg/m3, adjusted to 8 mg/m3, 30 mg/m3 and 50 mg/m3 respectively; The emission standard of particulate matter in converter (primary flue gas) is 50 mg/m3, which is adjusted to 20 mg/m3. It is estimated that by tightening emission limits, particulate matter can be reduced by 0.39%, sulfur dioxide by 10.63% and nitrogen oxides by 5.03%. The second is to deepen the control of organized pollution. This year, we thoroughly implemented the requirements of the Opinions of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on Promoting the Implementation of Ultra-low Emissions in the Iron and Steel Industry, and promoted the implementation of carbon monoxide control in 76 blast furnaces, full flue gas control in 34 sintering machines, flue gas circulation control in 73 sintering machines, flue gas control in 59 blast furnaces, denitrification control in 70 heating furnaces for steel rolling, and primary flue gas dust removal and upgrading in 46 converters; Promote 9 sintering machines in 5 iron and steel enterprises to implement the transformation of oxidation denitrification treatment process and replace it with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification treatment process. The third is to effectively consolidate unorganized emission control. Recently, we organized the city’s iron and steel enterprises to learn from Handan Yuhua’s advanced experience in unorganized emission control, requiring enterprises to hire authoritative third-party institutions to evaluate the unorganized emission status, comprehensively investigate unorganized emission points, and achieve full coverage of raw material storage, material transshipment and unorganized emission control during production. Create an intelligent and unorganized management and control platform for the whole plant,Integrate data information such as high-definition video monitoring and air quality monitoring micro-stations, establish a complete integrated platform and grid monitoring system for unorganized management and control in the whole plant, conduct real-time tracking, timely verification, intelligent monitoring and supervision, centralize control and management, and effectively improve the level of unorganized management. The fourth is to implement precise and differentiated control. According to the requirements of the Technical Guide for Formulation of Emergency Emission Reduction Measures for Key Industries in Heavy Pollution Weather (revised in 2020) issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the assessment and monitoring of ultra-low emissions will be completed, and the proportion of clean transportation of bulk materials will be rated as Grade A, and the proportion of clean transportation of bulk materials will be rated as Grade B. At present, Shougang Qiangang and Shougang Jingtang have been rated as A-level enterprises by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and they will not stop production or limit production during the emergency response to heavy polluted weather; Zongheng Steel has reached Grade B level, and the production is limited to 10% during the emergency response period of heavy pollution weather; The other 5 B- enterprises and 15 D-enterprises have limited production by 25% and 45% respectively. The fifth is to fully promote enterprises to "create B for A". In order to further improve the performance level of iron and steel enterprises in our city and organize the special action of "Creating B for A" in the iron and steel industry, the iron and steel enterprises in our city learn from the advanced experience of Shougang Qiangang and Shougang Jingtang, comprehensively carry out ultra-low emission assessment and monitoring, focus on improving the level of organized emission control, strengthen the level of unorganized emission control, increase the proportion of clean transportation of bulk materials and products, establish and improve the monitoring system, and effectively improve the level of environmental governance and management. Hold a "Chuanga" on-site meeting in Ganglu Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and discuss and share experiences.Drive the iron and steel enterprises in the city to make common progress. During the year, we will strive to achieve "A" for Zongheng Iron and Steel, Hegang Legang and Ganglu Iron and Steel. At the same time, Jinxi Iron and Steel, Ruifeng Iron and Steel, Donghua Iron and Steel, Donghai Iron and Steel, Donghai Special Steel and other enterprises have also signed "A" commitment letters to fully promote ultra-low emission transformation, speed up the implementation of evaluation and monitoring, and complete the publicity on schedule.

Eight questions about the present situation of comprehensive mine management in our city

Member Jia Dongjun:I would like to ask the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau about the present situation of comprehensive mine management in our city, and how to strengthen supervision and law enforcement and crack down on illegal activities in mining and remediation?

Duan Caiqin, Deputy Director of the Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning:Tangshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attach great importance to comprehensive mine management as an important measure for Tangshan’s green development and high-quality development. Since 2014, a series of special mine environmental control actions have been carried out, and a number of mining enterprises with substandard environment, small scale and exhausted resources have been closed. The number of mines has decreased from 735 at the end of 2013 to 364 at the end of 2019. Especially since 2020, the provincial party committee and the provincial government have made unified arrangements to carry out the "6+1" clean-up norms in key areas, among which comprehensive mine management is the longest, most difficult and most important special action. In this regard, the municipal party committee and municipal government insisted on political stance, the Municipal People’s Congress coordinated supervision, the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision followed up supervision, and all departments directly under the municipal government and counties (cities, districts) performed their duties in a down-to-earth manner, forming a working pattern of coordination from top to bottom, multi-departmental coordination and joint management. By 2020, there will be 413 restoration and management tasks for the lost mine sites, 40 closed and banned, 50 integrated and reorganized, 13 converted from open pit to underground, and 298 forced standards, and all tasks will be completed within the time limit. Our city made a typical speech at the working meeting held by the provincial government.

In 2021, the comprehensive management of mines in our city progressed steadily. The first is to close and ban. For the eight mines added in this year, six have been closed, and all of them have been closed and banned during the year. The second is integration and reorganization. The province has integrated and reorganized 68 mining areas in our city, and is actively preparing the implementation plan for integration and reorganization according to the requirements of the province. Among the mines listed in the provincial deadline for rectification, 242 do not meet the "Hebei Province Mine Production and Construction Standards", and all of them have issued rectification notices to urge mining enterprises to complete rectification before the end of September. At present, there are 18 rectification standards. After the integration and reorganization, the number of mining enterprises in our city will be controlled at around 150. Third, the restoration and management of the mined areas. The province has reached the comprehensive management task of 141 responsible subjects losing the mined areas in our city, and 72 have been started, with the operating rate of 51.1%; Twenty-three places have been accepted, with an acceptance rate of 16.3%, and the treatment task has been completed before the end of the year.

We resolutely cracked down on illegal activities in mining and rectification, and achieved "three enhancements": First, we strengthened work supervision. At the beginning of the year, the Emergency Notice of Tangshan Natural Resources and Planning Bureau on Cracking Down on Illegal Mining was issued, and a joint coordination mechanism was established to promote the formation of joint supervision and joint law enforcement. Clarify the standards for cracking down on illegal mining activities, improve regulatory measures, implement the monthly accounting system, and continuously strengthen supervision. The second is to strengthen business guidance. Combined with the reality of the decentralization of punishment authority for unlicensed mining, the Notice on Further Improving the Decentralization of Administrative Punishment Matters in the Field of Natural Resources was issued, and special inspections were conducted on the work of local governments after decentralization, and common and trending illegal signs were found, and prompt letters were sent to counties (cities, districts) in time. At the same time, strengthen business guidance, issue laws, regulations and guidance documents related to administrative punishment of mineral resources, focus on improving the level of law enforcement at the grassroots level, and ensure that the law enforcement authority can be put down and accepted. The third is to strengthen the crackdown. The United City Public Security Bureau has formulated the Implementation Plan of Special Action to Crack Down on Illegal Mining, which takes one month to organize and carry out special actions, and combines the comprehensive management of mines with the special struggle of "looking back" and eliminating evils to crack down on illegal mining and maintain the order of mine resources development.

Question 9: How does our city plan and implement "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality"

Member Wang Rongguo:"peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "Carbon Neutralization" have been written into the Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. How does the Municipal Development and Reform Commission plan and implement this work?

Chen Jingming, Deputy Director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission:The Tangshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government resolutely implemented the central and provincial work arrangements, and the main leaders of the municipal party Committee and Municipal Government made important instructions and put forward specific requirements on the work related to "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality" for many times. Our Committee conscientiously implemented the requirements of the central government and provinces and cities, combined with the actual work, fully promoted the "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality" related work, and made progress in stages.

First, strengthen the top-level design and make overall plans for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. According to the instructions of the leading comrades of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, in order to better promote the development of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, our committee took the lead in drafting the Work Plan for Promoting Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions in the Near Future in Tangshan, actively constructing the "1+1+N" policy system for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, further clarifying the key areas and industries that need to prepare the peak carbon dioxide emissions Plan, clarifying the key tasks and safeguard measures, and compacting the departmental responsibilities. At the same time, our Committee is working hard to study and formulate the implementation opinions on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, so as to fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept and do a good job in carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, according to the division of work in formulating peak carbon dioxide emissions’s work plan for key areas, a special class will be set up for the preparation of peak carbon dioxide emissions plan for steel and electric power industries, and metallurgical industry planning and research institute and hydropower and water conservancy planning and design institute will be entrusted as consulting and supporting units to scientifically formulate the peak carbon dioxide emissions special implementation plan for steel and electric power industries, so as to ensure the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2029 and peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2024 and 2025 ahead of schedule.

Second, focus on key areas and comprehensively promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Adhere to the concept of "project is king", and implement the work of promoting peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in specific projects. First, actively promote renewable energy substitution projects. It is planned to build a photovoltaic power generation base with a total installed capacity of 4 million kilowatts in the form of agricultural light, fish light and salt light in the northern mountainous area and in the southern coastal area, respectively, supporting the construction of energy storage facilities and delivery facilities. Explore the use of cadmium telluride thin film power generation technology introduced by Datang, and strive to build caofeidian area into the first 200,000 kW photovoltaic building integration demonstration area in China. Make use of the city’s rural roof resources, uniformly promote the construction of roof distributed photovoltaic power generation projects throughout the city, and strive to build 150,000 kilowatts of rural roof distributed photovoltaic projects by 2022. Organize preliminary research on shallow geothermal heating to ensure low-carbon heating for residents in winter. Find out the exploitable wind power resources in the city, and strive to implement a number of major wind power projects during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. The second is to actively promote carbon reduction projects in the industrial field. Fully promote the technology of producing fuel ethanol from industrial tail gas (carbon monoxide) of Shougang Langze, and take the lead in launching the carbon collection brand of Tangshan iron and steel enterprises. Relying on Datang International and China Resources Power, the feasibility of CCUS (carbon dioxide capture, storage and utilization) in the power industry is specially studied. Actively promote the replacement of coal with natural gas in the industrial field. Third, actively promote carbon reduction projects in the transportation sector.With the approval of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hydrogen fuel cell vehicle urban agglomeration and Hebei hydrogen fuel cell vehicle urban agglomeration, the application project of hydrogen energy heavy truck will be implemented in the whole city. For non-port iron and steel enterprises, we will make every effort to speed up the transportation of bulk goods. Scientifically formulate the city’s green transportation travel plan, and promote the replacement of new energy vehicles in urban and terminal logistics, heavy transportation, sanitation, city buses, intercity passenger transport and other fields. Fourth, actively promote the development of energy storage industry. Keep a close eye on the development process of domestic energy storage technology, actively explore the combination of energy storage and distributed power generation, and realize the local consumption and utilization of renewable energy. Actively promote the construction of 1.2 million kilowatts pumped storage power station project in Qianxi. Study and formulate the layout work plan of hydrogen refueling stations in our city, and accelerate the layout development of hydrogen storage industry. Actively promote electrochemical energy storage technology, and promote the construction of electrochemical energy storage facilities on the power generation side of renewable energy and the demand side of large energy users. Fifth, accelerate the development of low-carbon industries. Insisting on exchanging market for investment and market for industry, with the help of our city’s energy resources and market advantages, our committee organized relevant counties (cities, districts) to conduct in-depth docking with enterprises such as Dongfang Electric, Beiqi Foton, Great Wall Motor, Sany Heavy Industry, Foshan Feichi, China National Building Materials, Yihuatong, etc., focusing on in-depth negotiations on the introduction of fan manufacturing, cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass, hydrogen fuel cells, new energy vehicles and related industries, involving nearly 10 billion yuan of enterprise investment. At present,

Tangshan is a big energy consumption city, and the progress of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in Tangshan is very important for the province to achieve the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. In the next step, we will focus on the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, adhere to the clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient policy orientation, and start with actively introducing cutting-edge technologies, accelerating the popularization of advanced technologies, comprehensively improving production processes, and continuously reducing the equality of carbon consumption in key areas, so as to guide enterprises to take the road of high-quality development in the new era, promote the implementation of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s deployment requirements, and make due contributions to accelerating the realization of the goal of "three efforts to build".

Ten questions about how to supervise "scattered pollution"

Member Wang Dali:"Scattered pollution" enterprises are the focus of air pollution prevention and control work. In the second round of provincial eco-environmental protection inspectors, it was found that some counties (cities, districts) did not realize dynamic zero clearing. What measures did the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment take in environmental law enforcement and supervision in our city?

Gao Qingli, Director of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment:Since the investigation and rectification of "scattered pollution" enterprises was carried out in 2017, the city has conscientiously implemented the work arrangements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government on the investigation and rectification of "scattered pollution" enterprises, strengthened organizational leadership, refined the work plan, and continued to maintain dynamic clearing. By the end of 2020, the city had investigated and rectified 7,866 "scattered pollution" enterprises, including 4,212 in 2017, 3,535 in 2018, 86 in 2019 and 33 in 2020. The number of "scattered pollution" enterprises is decreasing year by year, which provides a strong guarantee for the healthy and orderly economic and social development of our city. In August, 2020, the dynamic cleaning work of "scattered pollution" enterprises in our city successfully passed the verification and acceptance organized by the Provincial Ecological Office.

In 2021, by the end of May, the city had found 14 new "scattered pollution" enterprises, and all of them had carried out "two breaks and three cleanups" as required. Analysis of the reasons for the discovery of "scattered pollution" enterprises in the new investigation mainly includes the following aspects: First, the border areas of counties (cities), idle courtyards, abandoned factories and other places are still weak areas for inspection and supervision, and "scattered pollution" enterprises are sometimes found to resurface in these places. Second, the regional environmental governance standards have been improved year by year and the economic income situation has affected. In order to obtain economic benefits, some "scattered pollution" enterprises have not hesitated to take risks in illegal production without going through relevant procedures or supporting the construction of pollution prevention facilities. Third, there is still a lack of grid supervision responsibility. County (city) district governments, towns (streets) and villages (communities), as the main bodies of "scattered pollution" enterprise rectification and dynamic clean-up, still have some problems in implementing grid investigation, such as inadequate point inspections and incomplete "two breaks and three cleanups".

Since the beginning of this year, in order to further implement the overall arrangement of the higher authorities on the dynamic clean-up of "scattered pollution" enterprises, In the name of the Municipal Atmospheric Office, the Bureau successively issued the Notice of the Office of the Leading Group for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Tangshan City on Further Strengthening the Investigation and Remediation of Scattered Pollution Enterprises (No.20 [2021] of Tang Qi Ling Ban) and the Notice of the Office of the Leading Group for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Tangshan City on Continuously Carrying out the Investigation and Remediation of Scattered Pollution Enterprises to Ensure Dynamic Clearing during the Tourist Season (No.50 [2021] of Tang Qi Ling Ban) All localities are required to closely focus on the work goal of "falling back by ten" in the comprehensive air quality index of our city, strictly implement the responsibility of grid supervision, strengthen the investigation of "scattered pollution" enterprises, find them together, ban them together, and keep dynamic clearing. First, in accordance with the principle of "territorial management, graded responsibility, seamless docking and comprehensive coverage", we will continue to urge all localities to strengthen grid supervision, strengthen inspections of key parts and key areas, find problems in time, and rectify problems in time. Second, we will continue to strengthen the coordination and linkage between the ecological environment, natural resources, water conservancy, electric power and other departments, form a joint force, and comprehensively use administrative means to crack down on "scattered and polluted" enterprises according to law. Third, the inspection of key areas is carried out in various ways, such as drone flight inspection, satellite image recognition and cross-examination of law enforcement personnel. Fourth, the team members at the city and county levels led the team to carry out morning inspection and night inspection, and through uninterrupted and full coverage inspection, the "scattered pollution" was invisible. Fifth, timely dispatch and report to counties with many problems, and supervise counties (cities) to strengthen "scattered pollution"The rectification efforts of enterprises.

Question 11: How to promote the implementation of rural domestic waste treatment

Member Zhang Guohua:Rural domestic garbage disposal is an important task of comprehensive environmental improvement in Fengshan area of Weishan, our city. Excuse me, how has the requirement of "urban-rural integrated garbage treatment mode of household classification, village collection, township transshipment and county centralized treatment" been implemented, and what measures will be taken to improve it in the future?

Li Zaidong, Director of the Municipal Housing and Construction Bureau:The Fengshan area of Weishan involves 15 villages in Kaiping District and guye district. In accordance with the division of responsibilities, our bureau is mainly responsible for supervising and guiding the collection and transfer of rural domestic garbage in this area. In 2019, the rural domestic waste treatment in this region realized the market-oriented cleaning mode. The Kaiping District Housing and Construction Bureau signed a market-oriented operation cleaning contract with Beijing Environment Co., Ltd. to be responsible for the garbage transfer to Fengnan Waste Incineration Plant; Guye district Wangjuezhuang Township signed a market-oriented operation cleaning contract with Tangshan Jiecheng Property Service Co., Ltd., and was responsible for transferring the garbage to guye district landfill. Up to now, there are 5,707 garbage bins, 29 collection points, 34 collection vehicles and 57 cleaning personnel in 15 villages in Fengshan area of Weishan.

In order to promote the treatment of rural domestic waste in Fengshan area of Weishan, one is to establish special classes. With the main responsible comrades of the Bureau as the team leader and the responsible comrades in charge as the deputy team leader, there are three supervision teams and one comprehensive team, and 15 business backbones are deployed to carry out the work to ensure the effective implementation of rural domestic waste control in villages in Fengshan area of Weishan. The second is to formulate a plan and make full efforts to promote it. Our bureau issued the Implementation Plan for Improving the Collection and Transportation of Rural Domestic Waste in Tangshan City in 2021 and the Notice on Organizing the Special Action for Centralized Cleaning of Rural Domestic Waste, and put forward the objectives, responsibilities, measures, completion time limit and specific requirements for the management of rural domestic waste in the whole city. Among them, it is emphasized that villages in Fengshan area of Weishan should strengthen garbage cleaning and transshipment, implement supervision responsibilities, conduct daily inspections, establish inspection accounts, and rectify problems in time to ensure daily garbage clearance. The third is to improve the supervision mechanism and promote the implementation of the work. Establish a three-level supervision and inspection system and a supervision and inspection team, and supervise the counties, counties, townships (towns) and townships (towns) at the municipal level to inspect the whole village. Through unannounced visits, the municipal supervision team used drones and other scientific and technological means to conduct full coverage supervision and inspection of villages in Fengshan area of Weishan, and immediately issued supervision orders and on-site assignments by WeChat groups for problems found, so as to deal with them in time and establish reforms.
(Reporter Yuanyuan correspondent Tang Kun)