Foxconn finally ran away. US President Donald Trump)7 announced on July 26th that Foxconn plans to build a new factory in Wisconsin to fulfill its commitment to invest in the United States. Foxconn will invest $10 billion to build a new LCD factory.

It is said that this will be the largest new investment by a foreign company in the United States in history, but it is only the first of many investment plans of Foxconn in the United States, and there will be more in the future, creating 3,000 new jobs for Wisconsin and having the opportunity to explore the scale of 13,000 people. Trump is quite satisfied with Guo Taiming: "He is a great businessman anywhere in the world."

Getting Foxconn to produce in the United States is a dividend for Apple and American manufacturing. Revitalizing the manufacturing industry in the United States and hollowing out the treatment industry can also be regarded as a great achievement project during Trump’s tenure. It has a strong demonstration effect and driving effect on the return policy of American manufacturing industry. In the past 40 years, the scale of industrial employment in the United States has fallen sharply. Therefore, for many years, the slogan that the United States has been shouting is to let the manufacturing industry return.

For the United States, the purpose of manufacturing return is more about employment and the adjustment of economic structure. Therefore, the United States is striving for advanced and high-quality foreign capital and manufacturing giants to enter. The problem in the United States is that the labor cost is high, the scale of manufacturing industrial clusters is not as good as that in China, and the degree of automation is high, so the number of jobs and employment is getting less and less.

Moreover, Foxconn is the largest supplier and foundry of iPhone. Since the Obama era, the US government has continued to put pressure on Apple, hoping that Cook can move the manufacturing of Apple products back to the United States.

Foxconn’s establishment of a factory in the United States can obviously drive Apple to bring some of the production capacity of the industrial chain back to the United States. It can also help Apple to check and balance Foxconn at home. For example, in the future, Apple can increase its control by cooperating with Foxconn to build factories, investing in capital, and infiltrating forces such as technology operation and placement of Apple executives and core technicians. Even Foxconn’s factory building behavior will also play a leading role for many component manufacturers in Apple’s supply chain.

As early as last year, Apple proposed to Foxconn and Pegatron United Technologies the idea of withdrawing all Asian production lines to the United States. At that time, many suppliers did not respond, and Pegatron Technology refused this proposal. Tong Zixian, chairman of Heshuo, said earlier that many suppliers are not interested in building factories in the United States, because the supply chain of the electronics manufacturing industry is huge and complex, and it is very difficult to achieve pure American production.

But now that Foxconn has moved to the United States, many manufacturers in the Apple supplier group may start to feel anxious, which will promote the idea of those wavering manufacturers moving.

Therefore, Foxconn’s investment in the United States has brought great benefits to Apple, because in terms of innovation, if designers, engineers and workshop production employees can gather in the same eco-industrial environment instead of scattered in different countries, close business intersection can enhance their integration and understanding, which can bring greater creativity. Obviously, this is a common dividend between Apple and American manufacturing.

For Foxconn itself, going to the United States to build a factory or completing its industrial upgrading to seek the inevitable road of transformation will help break the brand label of the foundry. Moreover, exporting to domestic market can not only greatly increase Foxconn’s brand premium, but also increase the price and profit of its products.

Trump grabbed Foxconn to build a factory in the United States, but it was difficult to solve the ills of American manufacturing in a short time. On the one hand, the American manufacturing industry has long transferred its production to the third world countries, and only retained R&D and design at home, showing a trend of "de-hard assets". Since the 21st century, the competitiveness of American manufacturing industry has begun to show a downward trend. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer skilled technical workers in the United States.

On the other hand, the manufacturing industry needs industrial chain clusters, but in the United States, the manufacturing industry has been hollowed out after moving out. Now, if you want to move back and rebuild the manufacturing industry chain clusters, you have lost the talent, technology and industrial chain foundation.

Only relying on political rights can attract the laws of global capital in a short time, but in the long run, the rise and fall of industries and the flow of talents have its long-term economic laws, and capital needs global reproduction and expansion, rather than running around political calls.

For Foxconn, the trouble to set up a factory in the United States is the lack of a large number of skilled industrial workers and supporting facilities for the production of raw materials and parts, and there is no perfect upstream supply chain industrial cluster. It takes time to hire a large number of skilled industrial workers, and the cost rises sharply.

Germany’s Le Monde said that in less than 20 years, factories in the United States disappeared by nearly a quarter. Friedman, a famous American columnist and author of "The World is Flat", once said that the United States is now a small town with 200 start-ups, each of which employs 50 people. It is difficult for the traditional "Made in America" manufacturers to come back.

Therefore, for Foxconn, the most difficult thing is to obtain a large number of skilled workers and related supporting industrial chains, although it may obtain tax incentives provided by local, state and federal governments in the next few years. Industrial agglomeration plays an increasingly important role in manufacturing industry.

On the other hand, the region has little connection with Foxconn’s suppliers and customers and industrial layout, and there is not much reserve of skilled workers, let alone industrial agglomeration, which means that Foxconn is faced with many uncertain risks and has to bear too much infrastructure construction costs.

Because OEM manufacturers like Foxconn need to rely on numerous suppliers’ industrial support to produce, Foxconn will almost start to cultivate talents and develop industrial support in this state, which will drive the development of relevant supply chains in the United States and directly or indirectly bring many employment opportunities. Therefore, in the final analysis, the benefits that Foxconn brings to this state in the United States still far outweigh the benefits that Foxconn has gained.

Therefore, although people know that a profit-oriented enterprise should be counted as an economic account, here at Foxconn, there is also the meaning of political flattery and accommodating people.

Analysts from foreign research institutions have clearly pointed out that Foxconn is trying to avoid the increasing pressure from the US government, which is a political expedient. Because from a commercial point of view, it is not so reasonable to choose to build a factory in the midwest of the United States rather than other regions.

Moreover, it is still a question whether Foxconn’s corporate culture is suitable for Americans, because today, it is difficult for Americans to return to the assembly line and work like blue-collar workers in China, Viet Nam, Southeast Asia and other countries.

Because industrial correlation, demand, environment and industrial ecological correlation are the main driving factors of investment choice. However, Foxconn has not settled this account here. After all, where the depression effect can be generated, where will the money flow? Here at Foxconn, there is obviously a sense of political flattery.

After all, Trump pressured Apple to move the iPhone back to the United States for production. Foxconn needs to hold Apple’s thigh tightly and share the pressure for it in order to win more orders from Apple in the future. In addition, in response to Trump’s new administration’s call for the manufacturing industry to return, it will make some profits, but it will also facilitate Foxconn to go further in the US market and build its brand awareness and influence in the US manufacturing field and internationally.

On the other hand, although the American manufacturing industry itself is declining, it has always been at the top in terms of technology research and development and accumulation and the right to speak in the industrial chain. To become a super giant with upstream and downstream connectivity, Foxconn needs to stand on the basis of American manufacturing and technology research and development. Complete the transformation.

Due to its own manufacturing genes, most employees of Foxconn have long been screws in the product line and rarely participated in upstream research and development. Although Foxconn faces the problem of skilled workers in the United States, it also has the opportunity to attract more cutting-edge scientific and technological talents, participate in the upstream R&D links of American manufacturing, and promote the overall innovation.

But generally speaking, in the modern economy, industrial agglomeration determines the position of manufacturing industry, and there is no integrated industrial related manufacturing cluster in the United States, so Foxconn’s establishment in the United States has mixed advantages and disadvantages, and it is still a gamble. Entering the United States does not mean that you can have global supply capacity. On the contrary, it is prematurely washed away by higher-dimensional industrial science and technology forces due to insufficient innate foundation.

At present, not only Foxconn and Softbank, but also many enterprises are on their way to the United States after the implementation of large tax cuts in the United States. Although they all have a little political contribution, it seems that the collective visit of international manufacturing companies to the United States has become a hot outlet.

For example, Samsung Electronics recently announced that it will invest 380 million US dollars to build a home appliance manufacturing factory in South Carolina. In February this year, Intel announced that it would invest $7 billion in building a semiconductor factory to produce seven-nanometer chips in the next three to four years. In May this year, some media reported that Infosys, a world-renowned software outsourcing giant, announced that it would invest in the United States and create 10,000 jobs. In March 2017, LG Home Appliances will also establish a new factory in the United States.

The collective action of global industrial capital may be based on the demand for optimal allocation of resources on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is based on showing kindness and standing in line with the Trump administration in order to obtain the new government’s policy dividend for manufacturing industry and find a new direction for industrial layout, so that the integration of manufacturing industry into the US market can enhance its international competitiveness and attract better technology and talents.

We know that manufacturing is the foundation of a country’s economy and the guarantee of people’s livelihood and employment stability. This is an important reason why the United States does not hesitate to compete for manufacturing giants with tax, cost and policy concessions on a global scale.

As early as 2016, during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, Cao Dewang submitted a proposal, saying that the rising labor in China, transportation costs, high industrial land costs, tax burden, resource prices, etc., made the unreasonable cost factors more prominent. On the contrary, China’s neighboring countries with late-developing advantages such as demographic dividend are creating conditions to attract investment.

At present, in the United States, except that labor is higher than that in China, the costs of energy, land, logistics and finance are all lower than those in China. In particular, it is mentioned in the industry that the land price difference between China and the United States is as high as nine times, and the tariff problem in the United States, if you export after manufacturing in the United States, the product price is almost the same, and you can get a higher brand premium. So early layout in the United States is obviously a more cost-effective choice.

It is also an indisputable fact that part of China’s manufacturing investment is flowing to the United States. According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, by 2015, the manufacturing industry has surpassed the financial industry and become the most important industry for China’s direct investment in the United States. Wang Shouwen, Vice Minister of Commerce, revealed that in 2016, the scale of foreign capital utilization in China is expected to be the same as that in 2015. Compared with the year-on-year growth rate of 6.4% in 2015, China’s attracting foreign investment slowed down significantly last year.

Moreover, the domestic manufacturing industry has always been given the impression of cheap, backward production capacity and low-end sweatshops, which has long been stigmatized. Nowadays, young people in China are increasingly reluctant to flow into the manufacturing industry. Zong Qinghou, chairman of Wahaha, also complained before: the taxes and fees in the real economy are relatively high, the profit rate is very low and it is very hard, and many people are unwilling to work in the real economy.

Many people don’t want to work in the real economy, and the environment of the real economy is not good, which also makes China local and foreign manufacturing investors in China start to weigh and wait and see those countries that release friendship and dividends.

An important reason why the high-end upgrading of domestic manufacturing industry has not been successful is that the profits of manufacturing industry have not been used to invest in high-end technology research and development to complete the transformation from low-end cheap factories to capital-intensive and technology-intensive enterprises, but have been used to participate in shares or flow into real estate and other hot industries.

In current China, it is not clear which industries can replace real estate to drive growth. On the other hand, China’s manufacturing industry is also experiencing the same path as American manufacturing. For example, we can see that many of Shenzhen’s once prosperous clothing and toy factories have moved to Vietnam and other countries with lower costs.

Now, some consumer electronics manufacturers are also moving out. Many enterprises are saying that they will use robots instead of manpower to cut costs, while some enterprises have already replaced machines on the assembly line. At this time, the United States shouted that the manufacturing industry was returning, and Foxconn moved its factory to the United States. In fact, it was a warning to China’s manufacturing industry.

We know that China’s manufacturing industry and the real economy are abnormal in the current environment. It is not that the United States naturally develops to the top and then naturally expands globally to Zhang Zhilu. Instead, when the industrial base and scientific and technological development level of manufacturing industry are still in the development stage, capital, labor and talents are accelerating away from manufacturing industry, and then flow to real estate, Internet industry, financial industry and other fields where money is fast coming, and there is a lack of real respect and attention to the real economy and manufacturing industry.

On the one hand, the United States is vigorously promoting measures to attract outstanding global manufacturing enterprises, while at home, including Samsung, Toshiba, Panasonic and Sony, they are all considering reducing their capital in China and focusing on countries with lower costs.

If the manufacturing industry is marching towards the era of Industry 4.0, but the soil, cost, atmosphere and technical level of China’s manufacturing industry are still not enough to support the development and cost-effective advantages of high-end manufacturing industry, then in the future, more and more outstanding manufacturing entities will run to countries with more dividends. Of course, many international high-end manufacturing entities will not completely abandon China’s manufacturing industry at present, but more and more will tend to focus on both hands and put their eggs in multiple baskets.

Today, with the gradual loss of demographic dividend, the competitive advantage of domestic manufacturing industry and its attraction to foreign investment cannot still rely on lower-cost labor resources. Therefore, what the current manufacturing industry leaves us is not only reflection, but also crisis.

　

On August 2 nd, the second model of Jiyue Automobile was officially unveiled. According to previous reports, the ultra-Yue 07 positioning pure electric medium-sized car is the first car of ultra-Yue Automobile, and it is planned to be listed in the second half of the year. Previously, it has been listed, and the car is positioned as a medium and large SUV with a guide price range of 219,900-309,900 yuan.

In terms of appearance, the Extreme Yue 07 adopts a family-style design style, the front face adopts a closed air intake grille, and the light groups on both sides are connected by U-shaped daytime running lights. The front face of the whole vehicle also has good recognition, and the newly unveiled green appearance color scheme looks very sporty. In addition, the dual lidar is located inside the light groups on both sides of the front bumper. The official said that the new car is equipped with intelligent AI pixel headlights and voice functions inside and outside the car, and it is also equipped with pure visual high-order intelligent driving technology. Extreme Yue 07 designs blue-green high-performance indicator lights in the front, back, left and right directions of the vehicle, which can show the breathing effect when the vehicle is charging and display the charging state of the vehicle externally.

On the side of the car body, the Extreme Yue 07 adopts a sliding back coupe design, and the waistline is straight and sharp and extends to the taillights on both sides. The hatchback coupe body with strong sense of movement creates a feeling of being ready to go. It is worth noting that the rim with low wind resistance is equipped with a small-sized exterior rearview mirror and a hidden door handle, all of which are making efforts to optimize wind resistance. The vehicle has hidden sensors and wipers such as the camera and ultrasonic radar outside the vehicle, and the equipped intelligent induction electric door is designed without a door handle. The door can be opened/closed not only by intelligent induction, voice inside/outside the vehicle, Bluetooth and physical buttons outside the vehicle, but also by stepping on the brake pedal.

In the rear part, the slender through taillights make the rear of the new car have a good sense of science and technology, and the taillights are Y-shaped on both sides to echo the headlight group, and the overall recognition is also relatively high. The tail is equipped with a lifting tail, and the automatic lifting tail will automatically rise when the vehicle speed is above 95 km/h, helping the vehicle to enhance the downforce. The automatic lifting tail will automatically lift when the vehicle is unlocked and retract when the vehicle is locked, and it can also be controlled manually.

In terms of size, the length, width and height of the polar cross 07 are 4963/1989/1475mm and the wheelbase is 3013mm, respectively. In contrast, the length, width and height of Krypton 007 of the same class are 4865/1900/1450mm, and the wheelbase is 2928 mm. The overall size of Krypton 007 is larger.

As for the interior, the Extreme Yue 07 adopts the family-style design style and is equipped with a 35.6-inch 6K penetrating large screen, in which all the entertainment functions such as dashboard, central control and co-pilot are integrated in the screen, which can be displayed in dual-screen, triple-screen and full-screen. At the same time, the Extreme Yue 07 is also equipped with a U-shaped half-width steering wheel, so the physical keys are simplified to the greatest extent, and the traditional left and right levers are cancelled, which is consistent with the new model. The sub-instrument panel of Extreme Yue 07 is connected. There are two wireless charging panels for mobile phones in the front row, which support active ventilation and heat dissipation. There is a shift button below, and a cup holder with a cover plate and storage space are also provided. In addition, the two sides of the Extreme Yue 07 center console are also equipped with a lifting sound system, a panoramic canopy, a control screen in the back row, an air conditioning outlet, and a central armrest.

As for the power, refer to the application information. The Extreme Yue 07 is built on the vast structure of Geely SEA, equipped with motors provided by Weirui Electric Vehicle Technology (Ningbo) Co., Ltd., with dual motors for high-end models and single motors for standard models, with a peak power of 200 kW. In terms of batteries, the Extreme Yue 07 is equipped with 71.4 kWh and 100 kWh battery packs, of which the 71.4 kWh battery model has a pure electric cruising range of 660 kilometers, and the 100 kWh battery model has a pure electric cruising range of 770 kilometers (four-wheel drive) and 880 kilometers (rear drive).

Jiyue Automobile, formerly known as Jidu Automobile, was jointly established by Baidu and Geely. In January 2021, Baidu announced that it would build a car, saying that it would formally set up a smart car company to enter the automobile industry as a vehicle manufacturer, and Geely was the strategic partner of the new company. Two months later, Jidu Automobile, initiated by Baidu and strategically invested by Geely, was officially born. With the help of Geely, the speed of Jidu automobile is extremely fast. In June 2022, Jidu ROBO-01 concept car came out.

Regarding the sales target of Jidu Automobile, Xia Yiping, CEO of Jidu Automobile, once said: "My goal is to sell 10,000 units every month. There is really no need to worry about building a car now, but it doesn’t mean that you can sell it if you build it. " In addition, Xia Yiping also revealed that "in 2028, Jiji will have the ability to deliver 800,000 car robots throughout the year". However, the reality is very skinny. Due to the lack of production qualification, Jidu Automobile cannot directly entrust Geely to produce it. In the end, Baidu and Geely officially announced the brand of "Extreme Yue Automobile" in August 2023, and the first model was named "Extreme Yue 01". At this time, Baidu had to hand over the leading power and choose to participate in the car building as a technical solution provider to ensure that the ultra-Yue car can be mass-produced smoothly, and the ultra-Yue car has officially become a sub-brand of Geely. In October 2023, Extreme Yue 01 was officially listed at a price of 249,900-339,900 yuan. In November, 2023, the official price of Chaoyue 01 was reduced by 30,000 yuan, and the price range after the price reduction was 219,900-309,900 yuan.

Although it is backed by Geely and Baidu, the sales of Extreme Yue cars are very poor. In the first half of the year, the sales volume of Extreme Yue cars was only 2,700, and the monthly sales volume was less than 500. The sales volume was so bad that it could not be described as "depressed".

Extreme Yue 07 is the first car owned by Extreme Yue Automobile and the second model owned by Extreme Yue Automobile. It was officially named in December 2023, and it was also declared in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, but it has not yet been listed. As a pure electric medium-sized car, the competitors of Extreme Yue 07 will aim at Tesla Model 3, Extreme Krypton 007, Extreme Krypton 007, Extreme Yue 007, Extreme Yue 07, and Lingke Z01. In the first half of the year, the best-selling pure electric medium-sized car was Tesla Model 3, with 70,500 cars, Xiaomi SU7 with 30,000 cars, and Extreme Krypton 007 with 27,200 cars. Referring to the market positioning and competing products, it is estimated that the market price of Extreme Yue 07 should be in the early 200,000 yuan.

September 21st is the United Nations International Day of Peace. On September 19th, just two days before the International Peace Day, the "Contact Group on Ukraine" led by the United States held another meeting at the American military base in Ramstein, Germany. This is the 15th meeting of the group since its establishment one year ago, and the focus of discussion is still on strengthening military assistance to Ukraine. The United States says it will train Ukrainian pilots to fly F-16 fighters at home. Germany announced that it would add 400 million euros worth of military support to Ukraine to purchase ammunition, generators and other equipment. The Czech Republic, Denmark, the Netherlands and other countries have also indicated that they will further provide weapons to Ukraine.

In the face of western governments’ increasing military aid, European folks have made a completely different voice. During the week from September 18 to 24, 17 anti-war organizations in Germany joined forces to hold "Peace Week" activities in various parts of Germany to protest against the Western supply of weapons to Ukraine to ignite the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and demand an immediate ceasefire.

German people WolfgangWe are here (Berlin) demanding an immediate ceasefire. As pacifists, we oppose NATO and military means. Military means is not the solution to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict can only be resolved through diplomatic means.

The west may not be able to support Ukrainian ammunition demand.

Since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The United States and western countries have constantly promised that "as long as necessary, military aid to Ukraine will stick to the end." But can the United States and the West really do it?

The British "Economist" recently wrote that although these promises sound "like iron", it depends on two uncertain variables: first, whether the West has the ability to provide enough weapons and ammunition for the Ukrainian army, and second, whether the current political will can be sustained.

For the first point, the argument used by western media is that the total gross national product of NATO member countries is 12 times that of Russia, and its economic and military strength is far above that of Russia. But I’m afraid the fact is not as simple as the western imagination.

Estonian Defense Ministry official Cousty Salm pointed out that even in Estonia, where the production cost is relatively low, the cost of manufacturing each new shell is about 5,000 to 6,000 US dollars; The cost in Russia is only 60,000 rubles, or about 620 dollars. This wide cost gap makes the economic advantages of western countries disappear. At the recent annual meeting of NATO Chief of Staff, Admiral Rob Bauer, Chairman of NATO Military Committee, admitted that Ukraine’s long-term demand for weapons and ammunition exceeded NATO’s capacity, and the rising price of weapons and ammunition also increased the procurement cost.

Rob Bauer, Chairman of NATO Military CommitteeThe defense ministers expressed concern about the backward production capacity of the whole alliance. The delivery time of weapons is constantly delayed, and the prices of equipment and ammunition are rising. Now the exact same equipment is more and more expensive. Ukraine needs a huge amount of weapons and ammunition. This has been the case in previous wars, which is not new in itself. But the scale and usage of Ukraine exceed our production capacity.

In addition, the military equipment delivered by the West seems to be very problematic. Not long ago, Ukraine rejected 10 "Leopard" tanks delivered by Germany with great disgust, on the grounds that their "technical state is not ideal". Military experts said that the "Leopard -1" main battle tank was the technical level in the 1960s. The "Leopard -1A5" provided by Germany to Uzbekistan has been in service for a long time, and after a long period of storage, the stability of its technical state has been greatly reduced. In the eyes of outsiders, western military aid to Ukraine is more like taking the opportunity to consume its old weapons inventory.

The Russian-Ukrainian conflict spilled over, and the people opposed the continued aid to weapons.

On September 22nd, a research report released by the Swiss National Bank showed that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict slowed down the economic growth of the European Union and "substantially" pushed up the inflation of the whole Europe. In the medium and long term, the negative impact of this conflict on the real economy may be even greater. "In one to two years, this impact may increase by about two times." Among them, Germany is the most affected.

As the largest economy in Europe, Germany has gone into recession because of the energy crisis caused by sanctions against Russia with the United States and the protectionist policy of its allies making huge war money. The economic forecast report released by the European Union this month shows that Germany’s economy will shrink by 0.4% this year, making it the only country with negative economic growth among the big EU countries. Hong Ke, a member of the German Bundestag, said that Germany’s traditional economic development model has been destroyed.

German left-wing MP HongkeThis is mainly because of economic sanctions, sanctions on energy, natural gas and oil, and Germany needs a lot of energy. Germany’s economic model is a combination of cheap energy, highly skilled workers and exports. Now Germany has blocked the cheap natural gas and oil from Russia, which need to be bought at a very expensive price in the world market, such as shale gas from the United States. This has a very serious impact on the German economy.

On the other hand, the protracted conflict has made people more and more disgusted. Gunnar Lin Deman, a member of the Berlin Regional Council, said that the German people paid three times the price for this war. At the same time, the German people are increasingly worried that the war may spread to themselves. From the initial field hospitals, to the "Leopard" tanks, and then to the Patriot missile system, the weapons provided by Germany to Ukraine have gradually escalated, causing public concern.

According to a recent survey, more than half of the German people are opposed to providing "Taurus" cruise missiles to Ukraine. German parliamentarian Hongke said that with the escalation of the war, the people’s attitude towards assisting Ukraine with weapons has changed.

German left-wing MP HongkeI am totally opposed to providing any weapons, especially more and more advanced weapons. Taurus is a cruise missile with a range of 500 kilometers. Now this topic has caused a heated discussion among the German public, and most Germans are obviously opposed. People’s attitude towards the delivery of weapons has changed, which was not the case before. Now people find that as long as more weapons are delivered, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine will be endless.

If there is any change in the United States, the European Union will be afraid of being alone

In addition to Germany, more and more countries find that the longer the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the more difficult it is to protect their own interests. Poland, Ukraine’s "staunchest" ally, has loosened its position. The Polish Prime Minister said on the 20th that Poland will no longer provide weapons to Ukraine, but instead focus on increasing its own weapons inventory. The reason for all this is that the European Union has lifted the ban on the sale of Ukrainian agricultural products, and Ukrainian food has flooded into the EU, with neighboring Poland bearing the brunt.

However, the biggest variable is still in the United States. Next year is an election year in the United States, and aid to Ukraine is rapidly becoming a focus issue. The Republican Party of the United States has gradually begun to question the necessity of aid to Ukraine, and some Democrats believe that European allies should be "more active."

The British "Economist" reported that if the United States terminates its support for Ukraine, it will be difficult for Europe to raise enough cash and weapons to arm Ukraine alone.

Producer: Jiang Qiuyong

Editor Liang Mao

Reporter Yu Peng

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel. The following is a summary of the research report: On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration publicized the pilot application of biodiesel in China.

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel.

The following is a summary of the research report:

On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of National Energy Administration publicized the pilot project of domestic biodiesel promotion and application.

Guoxin Chemical’s viewpoint:

1) Promoting the application of biodiesel in China is helpful for recycling waste and accelerating the green and low-carbon energy transformation. Biodiesel is a kind of renewable energy produced from waste oil and other biomass, and it is an internationally recognized green and clean fuel. In September 2023, the National Energy Administration organized an on-site meeting on the pilot project of biodiesel promotion and application in Shanghai; In November 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the Pilot Demonstration of Biodiesel Popularization and Application, and organized the pilot application and review of biodiesel popularization and application; In April, 2024, the National Energy Administration announced 22 pilot projects for the popularization and application of biodiesel, including 19 cities/districts, as well as China Ship Fuel Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Fuel Oil Sales Co., Ltd. and Shandong Expressway Group.

2) The content of the pilot demonstration is diverse, which accumulates experience for continuing to expand the popularization and application of biodiesel in China. Biodiesel pilot demonstration includes vehicle biodiesel, marine biodiesel and others. The pilot demonstration of vehicle biodiesel includes regional popularization and application, industry popularization and application, enterprise popularization and application, and expressway popularization and application; The pilot demonstration of marine biodiesel includes the promotion and application of bonded areas and free trade zones, and the promotion and application of rivers and lakes. Governments and enterprises at all levels have further expanded the application scenarios of biodiesel in China by carrying out pilot demonstrations on the promotion and application of various types of biodiesel, and accumulated experience for continuing to expand the promotion and application of green liquid fuels such as biodiesel.

3) In 2023, the EU initiated the review of biodiesel for many times. In 2023, domestic biodiesel production declined and exports were under pressure. In April 2023, ISCC initiated the review of biodiesel certification enterprises in China; In August, 2023, the European Commission launched an anti-circumvention investigation on biodiesel originating in Indonesia and exported to Europe via China and Britain. On December 20th, 2023, the European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on biodiesel products originating in China, and it is expected that a preliminary ruling will be made 7-8 months after the case is filed. According to Zhuo Chuang Information, the domestic biodiesel production in 2023 was 857,000 tons, down 33.5% year-on-year; Exports were 1.95 million tons, up 8.7% year-on-year, of which 1.867 million tons were exported to European countries, accounting for 95.7%, but 775,000 tons were exported in the second half of the year, down 34.0% from the first half.

4) Domestic pilot application will help boost domestic demand for biodiesel, so we need to pay attention to the specific implementation of the government and enterprises in the future. From the government’s point of view, it is an effective way to help realize the goal of "double carbon" to carry out pilot demonstration of biodiesel popularization and application; From the enterprise’s point of view, it is imperative to actively expand the domestic demand for biodiesel in the current situation of weak export demand and price to the EU. From the price point of view, the current domestic biodiesel price is 6800-7000 yuan/ton, while the current market price of 0# diesel is 7700-7800 yuan/ton (including tax), so biodiesel is more cost-effective in the short term. However, according to the promotion and application of B5 biodiesel in Shanghai, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Shanghai Development and Reform Commission arranged a subsidy fund of 41.86 million yuan for biodiesel production from kitchen waste oil. We expect that the subsidy amount per ton of biodiesel will be around 1000 yuan. Although the prices of biodiesel and diesel oil are upside down at present, the prices of refined oil are relatively high, and the profitability of biodiesel is limited. Therefore, it is still necessary to pay attention to the specific implementation of biodiesel promotion by the government and enterprises in the future.

5) Investment suggestion: It is suggested to pay attention to Zhuoyue Xinneng, the leader of domestic biodiesel industry. At present, the company’s biodiesel production capacity is 500,000 tons, and the bio-based materials production capacity is 90,000 tons.

Risk warning: the risk of a sharp drop in the price of biodiesel, the risk that the demand for biodiesel in the EU is less than expected, and the risk of changes in biodiesel policies in the EU and China. (Guosen Securities Yang Lin, Xue Cong)

[Editor: Xiao Jie]

Many friends know that the engine oil needs to be changed when the vehicle is maintained, but many people don’t know what the function of engine oil is and how to choose engine oil. Today, Xiao Jia will introduce you to the knowledge about engine oil!

Automobile lubricating oil can be generally divided into three types because of its different functions: engine oil, gearbox and differential oil, and grease (butter). The most common thing in vehicle maintenance is to change the engine oil.

Engine oil has five functions.

Lubrication function: the function of engine oil is to fill and lubricate the surfaces of moving parts and reduce the friction between moving parts. Its working principle is: the engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts, and an oil film is formed on the two friction surfaces to separate them, thus reducing the contact surface between moving parts, thus reducing wear and prolonging the service life of parts. There is surface friction between piston and cylinder, crank-connecting rod mechanism, cam valve train, gear rotating mechanism, etc., which must be lubricated by engine oil to ensure normal working conditions.

Cooling function: engine oil can bring back part of the heat generated between the rotating parts of the engine to the oil pan, and achieve the cooling effect through the oil pan wall. Some engines are also equipped with special engine oil radiators to achieve better cooling effect, so as to ensure the normal temperature between the rotating parts of the engine and keep the engine in normal working condition for a long time.

Sealing function: The engine oil also has a sealing function. For example, the engine piston ring and the cylinder wall are filled with engine oil, so that the contact surface and the gap have both a lubricating function and a sealing function, so that the piston can reduce air leakage when inhaling and compressing, and ensure the normal working compression ratio. If the piston ring and cylinder wall are worn, the sealing effect of engine oil can be improved by adjusting the viscosity of engine oil or adding engine oil additives, thus improving the working condition of the engine.

Cleaning function: The engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts of various parts for lubrication and heat dissipation. At the same time, it can also wash and clean the rotating working surface of the parts, bring the dust particles entering the engine and the garbage generated by the work to the oil pan, and keep the engine parts, rotating working surface and oil passage clean and smooth through the oil collection net and oil filter, thus ensuring the normal operation of the engine.

Rust-proof function: The working environment of the engine is complicated, and the climate change in spring, summer, autumn and winter will easily cause the metal parts to rust and deform, which will affect the normal operation of the engine and shorten its service life. The oil is pressurized by the oil pump and supplied to all parts and metal surfaces through the oil passage to form an oil film to isolate the air, which can prevent the metal surface from oxidation and rust and improve the service life of the engine.

If the engine is likened to the heart of a car, then the engine oil is the blood of the engine, which is a necessary condition to ensure the normal operation of the engine. Understanding the knowledge of engine oil, correctly selecting and using engine oil, and regularly replacing and maintaining it are very important to ensure the normal operation of the engine and prolong its service life.

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Magotan’s exterior design is full of modernity and dynamic, and the front face design is simple and atmospheric, and the family-style air intake grille design is adopted, showing a dynamic visual effect. The overall style tends to be steady and exquisite, and the body lines are smooth, creating a strong sense of movement. Magotan can show its unique charm in both business occasions and daily travel.

Magotan’s body size is 4866*1832*1479 mm, and the wheelbase is 2871 mm, providing passengers with spacious and comfortable seating space. Its side lines are smooth and dynamic, with a front track of 1584 mm and a rear track of 1570 mm, which enhances the stability and handling of the vehicle. Magotan is equipped with 215/55 R17 tires. With the fashionable rim design, it not only improves the visual effect of the vehicle, but also ensures excellent grip and driving stability.

Magotan’s interior design is simple and exquisite, and the center console adopts a well-defined layout, with an 8-inch or 9.2-inch central control screen, creating a full-fledged atmosphere for the car. The steering wheel is made of genuine leather, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, ensuring the driver’s comfort and convenience. The car is equipped with rich multimedia and charging interfaces, including USB and Type-C interfaces, which meet the needs of daily use. In addition, Magotan is also equipped with wireless charging function of the front mobile phone, which greatly facilitates the driver. The seat is made of high-quality imitation leather, and the main and auxiliary seats have the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment, which improves the riding comfort. The rear seats can be laid down in proportion, providing more space for storage.

Magotan is equipped with a 1.4T 150 HP L4 engine with a maximum power of 110kW and a maximum torque of 250N·m, which is matched with a 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox and has excellent power performance.

The owner of car home said that Magotan’s exterior design is calm and atmospheric, and the raindrop intake grille makes him feel young and dynamic, while the horizontal chrome-plated strip adds the atmosphere of business and gentleman. The waistline design makes the car look slender, the duckling tail design at the rear is sexy and plump, and the design of four exhaust pipes is sporty and publicity, which shows the extraordinary charm of Magotan.

????On April 20, 1994, China realized full-function connection with the Internet, thus opening the Internet era. These Internet-related pictures, no matter big or small, make us feel that the Internet has profoundly changed the lives of China people in the past 20 years.

????In 1996, a round of home computer craze rose in Shanghai. According to the survey at that time, the penetration rate of home computers in the city reached 5‰, 486 microcomputers were common, 586 microcomputers began to enter families, and a few families were connected to the Internet. Zhang Jianmin (left) is the general representative of a foreign company in Shanghai. His personal computer is connected to the international network. Every day after work, he sits at home and keeps in touch with foreign companies quickly and conveniently (photo taken in 1996).Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Mingshe

????During the "May 1" holiday, netizens surfed the Internet in Chongqing Reader Club (photo taken in May 2001). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Hengyi photo

????On April 17th, 2004, a player in Beijing Division of China E-sports Games waved excitedly to the audience after scoring a goal in the FIFA football match. On the same day, the first China E-sports Games (CEG for short) was held simultaneously in Beijing, Changsha, Wuhan and Xi ‘an. Xinhua news agency

????On April 11th, 2006, the staff of Baidu Company introduced the signature wall of Baidu employees. In August, 2005, Baidu went public on NASDAQ, setting a record of the highest increase in the IPO of NASDAQ in the five years since the Internet bubble in 2000. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Shilei photo

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Range Rover Sport Edition interprets the perfect combination of luxury and strength with its unique design language. The front face adopts bold and impactful design, the air intake grille is exquisite and atmospheric, and the matrix LED headlights are as sharp as eagle eyes, giving the vehicle a distinct recognition. The body lines are smooth and sculptural, showing the dynamic aesthetics and sports characteristics of Range Rover Sport Edition. Overall style, it combines luxury with sportsmanship, showing unparalleled visual impact and elegant temperament.

Range Rover Sport Edition shows its side charm with exquisite craftsmanship and dynamic design. The body size is 4946mm*2047mm*1820mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2997mm, creating a spacious interior space and the cornerstone of stable driving. The lines on the side of the car are smooth and powerful, outlining the perfect combination of luxury and strength. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1702mm and 1704mm, respectively, and the tires with the specification of 255/60 R20 not only ensure the driving stability, but also give the vehicle a unique visual impact. The exquisite style of the rim is in harmony with the proportion of the car body, which together creates the excellent side image of the Range Rover Sport Edition.

The interior design of Range Rover Sport Edition is unique, combining the dual elements of luxury and sport. In the spacious cockpit, the steering wheel is wrapped in high-grade leather or leather, which provides a comfortable grip and supports electric up and down+front and rear adjustment to ensure the individual needs of drivers. The 13.1-inch central control screen stands in the center, integrating multimedia, navigation, telephone and other functions, and supporting voice recognition control, which is convenient to operate and full of technology.

Seats, whether made of imitation leather or genuine leather, have been carefully built to provide a comfortable ride experience. The main and passenger seats are equipped with electric adjustment functions, including front and rear, backrest, height and lumbar support, and have heating, ventilation and memory functions. The second row of seats supports backrest adjustment, and the space is flexible to meet the needs of different passengers. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing ample possibilities for luggage space or extra passengers. The overall interior design not only pays attention to practicality, but also does not lose luxury quality, creating a noble interior atmosphere.

The Range Rover Sport Edition is equipped with a powerful 3.0T L6 engine, with a maximum power of 265 kW and a maximum torque of 500 Nm. This engine works well with the 8-speed automatic manual transmission, which not only provides abundant power output, but also ensures a smooth driving experience.

To sum up, car home car owners think that although Range Rover Sport Edition is balanced in all aspects, what he loves most is its unique face design and brand charm. He said: "For me, the youth and fashion sense of Range Rover Sport Edition goes beyond its price tag, and the coherent lines and styles undoubtedly enhance the taste and status symbol of drivers." These feelings of the owner undoubtedly add more charm to this luxury SUV, which makes the Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition stand out from many choices and become the heart of a driver with both taste and strength.

　　Who is responsible for the traffic accident on the way to work? Similar problems still plague many "riders". Recently, Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. lost a lawsuit in a motor vehicle traffic accident liability dispute trial, which caused more than 20,000 yuan to the plaintiff in traffic accident compensation, and was also recognized as "having a labor relationship with the courier". However, in the cooperation agreement signed between the courier and the company, Tongcheng Bing Company still defines the business model of "platform+individual" as "business cooperation relationship", which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations. To this end, many couriers have questioned whether such a cooperation agreement is reasonable and legal.

　

　　◎ Text/Figure Shandong Business Daily Su Bao News Network reporter Sun Wei Li Yuxin

　

　

A courier on the streets of Jinan

　

　　After the flash was awarded more than 20 thousand yuan, the plaintiff dropped the lawsuit

　

　　A few days ago, a civil judgment issued by the Dongcheng District People’s Court in Beijing showed that on March 25, 2021, a traffic accident occurred between the citizen He Mou and the flash driver Li Mou, causing the plaintiff He Mou to be injured and the contact part of the vehicle damaged. The traffic management department determined that Li, the flasher, was fully responsible for the accident, and He sued Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd., the company to which the flasher belongs, for compensation.

　　In this regard, the same city Bing Company argued that there was no employment relationship with the flasher Li. However, after the court heard the case, it was determined that the company had an employment relationship with the courier Li, and the same city Bing was sentenced to pay He 20,770 yuan.

　　However, Bing Company in the same city appealed the verdict again last month. According to the judgment document of the second instance published on March 8, after the appeal of the same city Bing Company, the plaintiff He Mou applied to the court to withdraw the prosecution. As for the reasons for withdrawing the lawsuit, the reporter sent a letter to consult the Flash Brand Department, but as of press time, he did not receive a reply.

　

　　Flash delivery has been listed as the person subjected to execution for many times due to accident disputes.

　

　　The reporter found out that this kind of traffic accident liability dispute has become the main legal risk of Bing Company in the same city. Sky Eye Survey shows that the top three cases in the company are motor vehicle traffic accident liability disputes (95 cases), labor disputes (37 cases), and disputes over life, health and body rights (31 cases). In the first three months of this year alone, there were 19 court announcements or civil judgments issued by Tongcheng Bing Company.

　　It is noteworthy that Tongcheng Bing was listed as the executor by the local court several times. Eye-catching investigation shows that Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. was enforced by the court seven times for failing to fulfill its legal obligations on time, at least four of which involved traffic accident liability disputes of flashers.

　　In August last year, the flasher Jiao Mou collided with the plaintiff, and the same city Bing Company proposed to recognize Jiao Mou’s accident in the process of sending "flashover" and agreed to bear the losses within a reasonable range of the plaintiff. The Chaoyang District People’s Court of Beijing ruled that Jiao and Bing Company in the same city jointly bear more than 5,000 yuan in compensation. However, on December 13, 2021, Tongcheng Bing Company and Jiao Mou failed to fulfill their legal obligations and were listed as executors with an execution target of 5,304 yuan.

　

　　Regarding the determination of the labor relationship of the "flash worker", Flash once replied to our reporter in September 2020 that the legal relationship between the flash worker and the platform is still inconclusive at the legal level, and the current effective judgments all determine that there is no labor relationship. However, after a year and a half, now looking at the trend of court decisions, it seems that the company can no longer easily "throw the pot".

　

　　Cooperation agreement can not avoid the identification of labor relations.

　

　　The reporter learned from the mouth of the courier that the basis for the "throwing pot" of the courier comes from the "Cooperation Agreement" signed between the courier and the platform. The agreement stipulates that the platform and the courier establish a business cooperation relationship, and there is no labor relationship between the employer and the laborer, which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations.　　　

　　In this regard, many flashers openly questioned on the platforms such as Post Bar and Zhihu, emphasizing that the company needs to purchase specified equipment for single quantity assessment, which obviously goes beyond the so-called "cooperative relationship".

　　Is such a "cooperation agreement" reasonable and legal? Ma Sicheng, a lawyer of Shanghai Duanhe Duan (Jinan) Law Firm, said: The cooperation agreement does not conform to the provisions of the labor law. Now the legal judgment on such issues is in a transitional period and cannot be treated with a fixed eye. However, common problems such as injuries caused by riders, whether it is labor relations or labour relation, should be borne by the platform. At present, the people’s courts judge similar cases by using the legal provisions that laborers cause damage to people and providers cause damage to third parties.

　　At the National People’s Congress in 2022, Pi Jianlong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of Beijing Jintai Law Firm, pointed out in the proposal that the development of flexible employment and platform employment deformed the original "standard labor relations" and led to the establishment of multiple labor relations. In July, 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other eight departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms, but Pi Jianlong pointed out that the Guiding Opinions are policy norms and are not legally mandatory. It is necessary to further determine the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new formats in law and give them "strong protection" in the labor law.

　　Man made glass more than 5000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 3000 BC, people have made some small handicrafts such as amulets and beads with glass.

　　By around 1500 BC, people’s skills in making glass were becoming more and more mature, and the first glass container appeared in human history. The ancient Egyptians also mastered the technology of coloring glass. They know that adding copper powder to glass can make red glass, adding cobalt powder can make blue glass, and adding tin powder can make white glass … These colored glasses are used by some unscrupulous businessmen to pretend to be jewelry, deceiving many people.

　　In the 1st century BC, Syrians invented the technology of blowing glass. With this technology, making glass becomes simple, fast and cheap. Since then, the glass industry has flourished in the Roman Empire and quickly spread to other countries under the rule of the Roman Empire.

　　Around the 1st century A.D., the Romans discovered that adding a proper amount of manganese dioxide to glass could make colorless glass, so they began to make windows out of glass and install them on buildings. Although the optical performance of glass at that time was very poor, glass windows were still "standard" for buildings in Rome, Pompeii and other places.

　　In the 8th century, Venice concentrated a large number of glass workers and became the glass manufacturing center at that time. Later, with the progress of science and art, people "played" more tricks, such as dyeing paint on glass and drawing colorful patterns. Many churches we see now have stained glass windows, which is the architectural style left over at that time.

　　In the mid-15th century, a glass worker in Venice invented a new type of super transparent glass. Soon, this new type of glass was used to make telescopes, thermometers, flasks, microscopes and other scientific instruments, which led to many important scientific discoveries.

　　Around the 18th century, the glass manufacturing center in Europe moved from Venice to Britain. At that time, the output of British glass factories was very high. At one time, the British government would levy taxes based on the number of windows in each house, on the grounds that wealthy families would install more windows, and of course they should pay more taxes. However, "there are policies above and countermeasures below", and many families simply blocked the windows in order to avoid paying taxes-this story shows that the use of glass was quite common in Britain at that time.

　　Since the industrial revolution, steel and glass have become important building materials for modern architecture. In 1851, Britain built a "Crystal Palace", which only used steel and glass. This miraculous building was also the exhibition hall of the first World Expo in London. In 1950s, a German architect innovatively covered the facade of the building with a layer of glass, which made the appearance of the building look unprecedented. This innovative design can be successful, on the one hand, because there is a reinforced frame inside the modern building, and the facade does not need to bear the weight of the whole building; On the other hand, because the strength of glass has become higher. So many skyscrapers we see now have glass facades.

　　Nowadays, scientists and engineers have developed a variety of glasses, which have important uses in many fields. For example, there is a kind of glass that can quickly transmit network information, that is, optical cable, which is filled with thousands of glasses as thin as hair, in which communication signals shuttle in the form of light and quickly transmit information to all parts of the world.

　　Sand and glass

　　The main component of glass is silica, that is, Shi Ying, which is one of the most common minerals on the earth. The sand that can be seen everywhere is actually a small particle in Shi Ying. When Shi Ying is heated to 1400℃, it will melt, then become soft and become a transparent, viscous liquid-then it will be cooled and shaped, and then the glass will be finished.

　　How did sand become glass?

　　On the atomic scale, silicon dioxide is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and they are arranged in order in Shi Ying. For example, a group of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are neatly arranged to form a "queue" with specific arrangement rules, and the whole "queue" is Shi Ying particles. A structure like this, which consists of a large number of microscopic substance units (such as atoms and ions) arranged in an orderly manner according to certain rules, is called a crystal.

　　After Shi Ying melted, its internal crystal structure was destroyed, or the original "queue" was disrupted, and silicon atoms and oxygen atoms began to "run" freely, making Shi Ying change from solid to liquid. Of course, if the liquid Shi Ying can be cooled quickly, the crystal structure will be re-formed, just like the silicon atoms and oxygen atoms that "run" at will "stand" in the original position in the queue again.

　　However, if the cooling speed is too fast, so that silicon atoms and oxygen atoms can’t return to their original positions, then they can only be condensed in their current positions. Therefore, the final glass is like a snapshot of liquid Shi Ying. Scientists have a special name for this state of solid, called "amorphous solid", which means that this kind of solid is different from crystal, and there is no orderly arrangement rule in its internal structure.

　　Why is glass transparent?

　　We can’t go straight through the glass, but our eyes can see the objects on the other side through the glass. Why?

　　We can see an object because the light is reflected or scattered after it reaches this object, which makes some light enter our eyes and let us see the shape and color of the object. Only a part of light energy is received by our eyes, and the rest is absorbed or intercepted by objects.

　　How much light an object can intercept depends on the kind of molecules or atoms that make it up.

　　Most of the atoms in the glass don’t intercept light, and almost all the light that reaches the glass can be received by the eyes (glass can intercept ultraviolet light, but our eyes can’t see ultraviolet light). In addition, glass is not crystal, and there is no edge edge edge of crystal structure inside, so it will not scatter light. So, when the light reaches the glass, it will go straight through without changing its direction.

　　However, if a piece of glass is slightly thicker in some places, the propagation path of light will be bent, which is the working principle of a prism.

This article is from Science Illustrated.