Elevator safety accidents often occur, and many places legislate to promote smart elevator systems.

  In September this year, Chongqing will put into use the "smart elevator" system and equip the elevator with a "brain". This system can realize uninterrupted automatic monitoring of elevator status, accident early warning and data tracing, making elevators safer and wiser.

  It is worth noting that some places have written smart elevator systems into local laws and regulations. For example, "Huai ‘an Residential Elevator Safety Regulations" requires that newly installed residential elevators should have functions such as operation parameter collection, information network transmission, automatic alarm, real-time call and video monitoring system.

  In recent years, in order to reduce the occurrence of elevator safety accidents, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Liaoning, Guizhou and other places have standardized the elevator safety management from the aspects of elevator production and operation, use management, maintenance, inspection and safety evaluation, supervision and service, emergency rescue, legal responsibility and so on.

  A number of people in the industry recently suggested in an interview with the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that on the basis of summing up local legislative experience, the relevant provisions in the Law on Safety of Special Equipment should be improved, and the product quality and related subject responsibilities of elevators should be clearly defined, so as to provide a strong legal guarantee for dealing with the sharp increase in the total number of elevators, the frequent occurrence of elevator accidents, the increase in the complaint rate of elevator failures and other issues, so that elevators, as a daily facility, will no longer be a dangerous place.

  Elevator accidents show a trend of multiple occurrences.

  Trapped, rushing to the top, falling … … Recently, elevator failures and accidents have occurred in many places, making the topic of elevator safety once again enter the public eye.

  On the evening of May 3, a 13-year-old boy from Lanwan Yajing Community in Fuzhou, Fujian Province had an accident due to elevator failure. On the evening of May 23, an elevator safety accident occurred in Ankang Golden Bay Phase II Community, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. The elevator accelerated from the first floor and crashed into the 30th floor, resulting in one unfortunate death.

  Many elevator safety accidents have made Liu Fengyuan afraid to take the elevator that has broken down many times in the community. Liu Fengyuan, who lives in the Ideal City Community of Handan City, Hebei Province, has been trapped in the elevator three times. Once the elevator fell from the third floor to the negative floor, and the distress button in the elevator didn’t work at all. Without his mobile phone, he had to beat the elevator door hard, which attracted other residents to call for help.

  "The elevator in our building is often broken, and people are often trapped. Every time it is repaired and then broken, my 5-year-old child is trapped inside. Especially from the news, we saw the elevator safety accident that happened some time ago. We are afraid to take that elevator now. " Liu Fengyuan said.

  At present, China’s elevator ownership and annual sales volume rank first in the world, and elevator accidents are frequent. According to the Notice of the State Administration of Market Supervision on the National Special Equipment Safety in 2020, by the end of 2020, there were 7,865,500 elevators nationwide. In 2020, there were 25 elevator accidents and 19 deaths in China.

  Huang Lianxi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and partner of Zhejiang Tiance Law Firm, bluntly said that after years of development, China has become a big country in elevator production and sales. However, from the perspective of users’ objective experience, there are some problems in the elevator industry, such as the quality needs to be improved, the maintenance ratio of elevator manufacturers is not high, and the product quality responsibility is not implemented.

  Legislation in many places to ensure the safety of taking the ladder

  In the face of many problems brought by the rapid growth of elevators year by year, many places in the country have introduced special legislation to regulate them. According to the reporter’s incomplete statistics, there are currently 46 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and cities with districts that legislate for elevator safety.

  Although these local laws and regulations differ in the number of chapters, they basically cover production and operation, use, maintenance, inspection and testing, supervision and management, emergency response, legal responsibility and so on.

  Especially in strengthening the implementation of the main responsibility, all localities have made relatively clear provisions.

  "Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Liaoning Province" requires that the market supervision and management departments and other departments with elevator safety management responsibilities should formulate elevator safety supervision and inspection plans and related measures, conduct regular inspections or spot checks on elevator safety according to their division of responsibilities, and timely put forward rectification and handling opinions and carry out rectification supervision on the illegal and illegal problems and hidden dangers; Major violations of laws and regulations and serious accidents, should immediately take compulsory measures according to law and report to the government at the same level and the higher supervision and management departments.

  "Heilongjiang Province Elevator Safety Regulations" stipulates that the elevator maintenance unit, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, fails to set up a 24-hour on-duty telephone, fails to eliminate it in time after receiving the fault notice, or fails to arrive at the scene to carry out rescue according to the prescribed time limit after receiving the elevator trouble report, and is fined 20,000 yuan.

  In April this year, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province revised the Regulations on Elevator Safety in Nanjing City, which has been implemented for nearly 10 years, aiming at clarifying the responsibilities of manufacturing enterprises, industry committees, users and maintenance units, and solving the problem that elevator safety involves long chains and many subjects.

  "Elevator safety is directly related to the personal safety of the people. The elevator should be regarded as a mass public vehicle and should be positioned as a mass public product. Through legislation, the competent authorities of the industry will be clarified, and production enterprises will be guided, guided, managed and standardized to build a quality assurance system for elevator products, so as to ensure the quality of elevator products from the source. " Huang Lianxi said.

  Li Zhiqiang, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, believes that the supervision mode should be changed from departmental supervision to pluralistic co-governance. Elevator safety is a part of social management, involving multiple responsible subjects and multi-departmental functions. It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of all links, relevant units and personnel in the whole life cycle of elevators from selection and procurement to scrapping and updating, and to establish a new supervision mechanism in which local governments take the main responsibility for supervision, quality inspection, safety supervision, housing construction, finance, insurance supervision and other departments work together and coordinate.

  Promote the construction of smart elevator system

  The Law on Safety of Special Equipment, which came into effect on January 1, 2014, puts forward the general requirements for safety supervision of several types of special equipment, including elevators, and provides a strong legal guarantee for elevator safety.

  Liu Junhai, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, believes that elevators, as a kind of special equipment that is most closely related to people’s lives, are quite different in terms of safety requirements, supervision methods and emergency handling, and need special regulations to regulate and ensure their safe use.

  "In recent years, the total number of elevators in China has increased dramatically, and elevator safety accidents have occurred frequently. Elevator safety issues have become more and more important. At present, many places have responded to people’s needs through legislation. It is suggested to summarize the legislative experience of these places, and at the same time find out the causes and countermeasures of elevator safety accidents, and then improve the special equipment safety law to realize the source of elevator safety hazards. Governance. " Liu Junhai said.

  Liu Junhai believes that the Special Equipment Safety Law has been implemented for more than seven years. With the rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, it is suggested that advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of Things should be introduced into elevator safety management, and a more intelligent elevator early warning and alarm mechanism should be clearly established through legislation.

  The reporter noted that some local legislation explicitly proposed the establishment of a smart elevator system. The Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Hangzhou proposes to popularize the use of intelligent elevator system, find hidden dangers of elevator safety accidents in time, and comprehensively evaluate elevator operation status according to recorded data to improve elevator safety management level. "Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Bengbu City" requires that the construction of smart elevator system should be promoted, and a smart elevator system with the functions of operation parameter collection, network remote transmission, one-button alarm, intelligent rescue and dynamic supervision should be gradually established.

  Huang Lianxi said that through legislation, the application of information technology such as big data and Internet of Things will be strengthened, so that elevator equipment can form intelligent terminals and solve elevator safety problems. (Reporter Pu Xiaolei, Du Xiaotong)

China’s new high-level open economic system has accelerated the construction of new advantages in international cooperation and accelerated the cultivation.

CCTV News:On September 29th, the National Development and Reform Commission held a special conference to introduce China’s deepening reform and opening up.The person in charge said that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has adhered to overall development and security, and expanded its high-level opening-up in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level.The development of overseas investment has reached a new level, and the cultivation of new advantages in international cooperation has been accelerated.

The level of utilizing foreign capital has been continuously improved. We will continue to promote investment liberalization and facilitation, further optimize the foreign investment environment, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. A number of major foreign-funded projects have been put into operation to expand capacity. The scale of attracting foreign investment has hit record highs. By the end of 2021, it has attracted more than 2.6 trillion US dollars of foreign direct investment.

Enterprises have taken solid steps to "go global". Improve the management and services of overseas investment of enterprises, significantly improve the level of overseas investment facilitation, and continuously strengthen risk prevention and control and security. Overseas Chinese-funded enterprises increased from nearly 22,000 to more than 45,000 at the end of 2012, and the stock of overseas investment increased from 0.5 trillion US dollars at the end of 2012 to more than 2.7 trillion US dollars.

The construction of a new high-level open economic system was accelerated. The foreign investment law was promulgated and implemented, and the national treatment plus negative list management system before foreign investment access was fully implemented. The construction of Hainan Free Trade Port started smoothly. A "single window" for international trade has been built in an all-round way, covering all ports in the country, and the level of trade facilitation has been greatly improved.

1000 yuan subsidy has started, remember to apply on time!

The one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidy for the 2025 graduates is about to begin to be declared! What are the subsidy targets? What are the subsidy standards and processing procedures? Come and find out!

First, the subsidy object

Meet one of the following conditions, full-time graduates of ordinary colleges and universities, secondary vocational schools and technical colleges within the administrative region of this province who have the willingness to find jobs and start businesses and actively seek jobs and start businesses can apply for one-time job-seeking and start-up subsidies.

1. Graduates from low-income families;

2. Disabled graduates;

3. Graduates who have obtained national student loans;

4. Graduates from families who have been lifted out of poverty and prevented from returning to poverty;

5. Family graduates of disabled people with difficulties;

6. Graduates from special hardship cases.

Graduates can only enjoy subsidies according to the above-mentioned status, and those who have applied for this subsidy will not be paid again.

Second, the subsidy standard

The subsidy standard is 1000 yuan/person.

Third, the declaration time

The individual application time for the one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidy for the 2025 graduates is from September 20, 2024 to October 31, 2024.

Fourth, the handling process

Individual application of graduates → system verification → preliminary examination of schools → publicity and centralized declaration of schools → review by human and social departments → granting subsidy funds. The applicant must confirm that his social security card bank account has been activated and is in normal use before submitting the application.

(A) individual application channels and processes

1. Computer side:

Enter the official website of Jiangxi Human Resources and Social Security Department "Online Service Hall of Jiangxi People’s Society" (https://zwfw.rst.jiangxi.gov.cn/jxrsdt/index.html) → Personal Service → Employment and Entrepreneurship → All → One-time Job-seeking and Entrepreneurship Subsidies for College (Secondary Vocational School, Technical School) Graduates → Online Processing.

2. Mobile terminal:

A. Search the WeChat applet "Jiangxi Employment Home" → College graduates → College (secondary vocational school, technical school) graduates apply for one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies → Click to enter.

B. Enter the Ganfutong APP→ Department Zone → "People’s Social Zone" → I want subsidies → College (secondary vocational school, technical school) graduates apply for one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies.

C. Pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account "Jiangxi People’s Society" → Micro-service → I want to do things → employment and entrepreneurship → employment service for college graduates → application for one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies for college graduates (secondary vocational schools and technical schools).

3. If it is really inconvenient to apply online, you can apply offline to the employment department of your college.

Graduates sign the application commitment and fill in the application information truthfully, completely and accurately according to the prompt requirements, and click "Submit Application" to complete the online declaration. If the application qualification is valid through the system verification, graduates do not need to provide supporting materials; Failing to pass the system verification, relevant supporting materials shall be uploaded according to the system prompts. If the uploaded materials are unclear and incomplete, which leads to the inability of schools and human resources departments to effectively verify, graduates should re-upload supporting materials in time according to the audit opinions fed back by the system during the audit period, and will not be accepted after the deadline. Failing to apply within the time limit or failing to pass the relevant supporting materials within the prescribed time limit shall be deemed as voluntary waiver of the application.

(2) Application for supporting materials

Those who fail to pass the system big data verification and comparison, graduates should upload the following application supporting materials according to the system prompts:

1. Proof of student status. Screenshot of student ID card personal information page, campus card personal information page or Xuexin. com student status page (the screenshot should contain complete personal information), just provide one.

2 difficult qualification certification materials (provide relevant materials according to the category of application difficulties)

(1) Graduates from low-income families (one of the following materials is required): ① Certificate of Minimum Living Guarantee for Urban and Rural Residents and certificate of low-income guarantee; The minimum living guarantee for urban and rural residents issued by the civil affairs departments at or above the county level.

(2) Disabled graduates: People’s Republic of China (PRC) Disabled Certificate or disabled soldiers Certificate.

(3) Graduates who have obtained national student loans during their school years (one of the following materials is required): ① loan contracts or personal credit reports during their studies at this academic level; (2) the student loan certificate issued by the school funding department or the loan information page printed from the screenshot of the national student loan related website (to be verified and stamped by the school audit department).

(4) Family graduates of poverty-stricken population and poverty prevention monitoring targets: certification materials for confirming the identity of poverty-stricken population or poverty prevention monitoring targets by agricultural and rural departments at or above the county level.

(5) Graduates from families of disabled people with difficulties (items ① and ② are required): ① People’s Republic of China (PRC) Disabled Persons’ Card of the applicant’s family members; (2) enjoy the urban and rural minimum living allowance certificate or proof of poverty alleviation and prevention of poverty monitoring object family identification.

(6) Graduates of poor people: Certificate of Assistance and Support for Poor People or relevant certificates issued by civil affairs departments at or above the county level to enjoy the treatment of assistance and support for poor people.

There are questions in the process of declaration

Please contact the school teacher in time.

Remember to apply on time.

Don’t miss it!

Original title: "1000 yuan subsidy has started, remember to apply on time! 》

Read the original text

11 years of criminal investigation! This "detective" in Huainan is amazing!

Profile: Zhang Jian, male, born in July 1983, is the captain of the second team of criminal police in the responsibility area of Tianjiaan Branch of Huainan Public Security Bureau, and was elected as "Huainan Good Man" in the first quarter of 2019.

Zhang Jian, born in July 1983, holds a bachelor’s degree in party member, CPC, and joined the public security work in August 2007 with the rank of first-class superintendent. In 2007, after graduating from Anhui University of Science and Technology with the major of Ammunition and Explosive Technology, Zhang Jian gave up his high-paying job and became a glorious criminal policeman through strict recruitment. In the front line of criminal investigation, Zhang Jian always keeps in mind that the mission is to take responsibility and work hard to create brilliance.

Since Zhang Jian became the captain of the Second Criminal Police Team, he has led all the comrades of the Second Criminal Police Team around the center, faced difficulties, and constantly expanded and strengthened the main business of criminal crackdown. The number of criminal cases in the jurisdiction has decreased year by year, and the number of crackdown treatments has increased year by year. From January to October, 2017, under the leadership of Comrade Zhang Jian, the performance of the Second Criminal Police Team was greatly improved compared with the same period of last year, in which the number of criminal detentions, arrests and transferred prosecutions increased by 20.4%, 37.5% and 12.6% respectively. All the task indicators issued by the branch at the beginning of the year have been overfulfilled.

First, the iron fist captures the magic. He is the "Desperate Saburo" of Huo Yan Jin Jing.

Someone asked, what is important to be a criminal policeman? The first answer given by Zhang Jian is "responsibility". He said that no matter what kind of case you handle, as long as you have a sense of responsibility, you will lay a solid foundation for solving the case, and you will be able to overcome many difficulties and break through many deadlocks!

On January 9, 1995, a case of intentional homicide occurred at the family building site of Huainan Construction Bank. After the incident, four suspects, including Yao, were arrested one after another, but the suspect Sun Mourui was like into thin air, and there was no trace to be found. By April of 2016, in order to make the deceased close, and to bring the suspect Sun Mourui to justice, Comrade Zhang Jian visited Sun Mourui’s former residence many times, and learned that Sun Mourui had died since his childhood, and he was more harmonious with his wife Yao Morong after he founded a family, and he was also more fond of his only son Sun Moule. In the early days of Sun Mourui’s escape, his wife Yao Mourong had a hard time living with his youngest son Sun Moule. Soon after, they went to work and live in other places and changed their contact information. Subsequently, Comrade Zhang Jian conducted a peripheral investigation on Yao Morong and his son Sun Moule, and successfully obtained the mobile phone numbers used by them. Through the careful analysis and judgment of the phone bill data of the two people, after many times of screening and collision, the mobile phone number used by the suspect Sun Mourui was analyzed. When analyzing the number, Zhang Jian found that Sun Mourui’s brother Sun Moulun’s daily train track is similar to that of the mobile phone number, and he has been active in Chizhou for a long time. Zhang Jian confirmed that Sun Moulun himself had never been to Chizhou City and did not hold this number, which was closely related to Sun’s wife and son. Based on this, Zhang Jian boldly concluded that the suspect Sun Mourui was living in Chizhou City by using his brother Sun Moulun’s ID card. Subsequently, Zhang Jian quickly led the police to Chizhou City.Sun Mourui, who was hiding in a factory in the city, was successfully arrested in one fell swoop, and the 21-year-old murder case has come to a satisfactory end.

He is a thoughtful "expert in solving crimes"

An excellent investigator should not only be able to "detect" but also be good at "examining". This requires investigators to have a wide range of knowledge, be proficient in business, be able to deal with people in all aspects, accurately "paint pictures" for different groups of people, and gain the method of "looking, smelling, asking and cutting", so as to find the key points, hit it with one blow and lock the victory.

At about 23: 00 on April 22, 2000, after the victims Liu and Liu walked from Aotian Entertainment City in Tianjiaan District to Shanghu Village, they were robbed by four men with knives. When Liu resisted, he was injured by the suspect Wang, and was later identified as seriously injured. After the incident, one of the three suspects involved in the case was sentenced to death and the other two were sentenced to more than 10 years in prison. At that time, because Wang had no hukou, his information on escape was only his name, and other identity information was unknown. This year, since the municipal bureau launched a serious violent crime case, Zhang Jian volunteered to try his best to solve the case. After reading a large number of original files, Zhang Jian finally opened a breakthrough from Wang’s good family and fixed Wang’s criminal suspect who was really involved in the robbery that year. However, in the face of the trial, Wang said nothing. Zhang Jian was not in a hurry for success. He chatted with Wang and built up a full sense of trust. He found that Wang was so worried about raising his children that he was "afraid of sin" and "lucky" to avoid the heavy and neglect the heavy. In order to avoid the words "knife" and "robbery" from over-stimulating the suspect, he adopted the strategy of bypassing and step by step, and skillfully dealt with the suspect. After an all-night game, Wang confessed all the criminal facts truthfully. In order to solve the case, Zhang Jian’s eyes were broken after working overtime and all-night interrogation for many days, but he still insisted on sending Wang to the detention center before going to the hospital. In March 2017, Wang Mohao was sentenced to 12 years and 6 months in prison by the court for alleged robbery.

At 22 o’clock on February 7, 2016, the victim Hu reported that he returned to his home in the North Building of Gemini in Tianjiaan District of Huainan City that night and found that his home was stolen. The stolen items were worth more than 40,000 yuan. Since 2015, there have been many cases of burglary in high-end residential areas in Tianjiaan District, which are of great value and have a bad social impact. Zhang Jian quickly organized the squadron police to set up a task force to carry out work around the scene, monitoring and similar cases. Through a lot of analysis and judgment, Zhang Jian found that Cheng Mou was suspected of committing a major crime. At 11 o’clock on March 17, after several days of observing, Zhang Jian and others successfully arrested the suspect Cheng Mousi and found a large amount of stolen property and tools for committing crimes from his home. At the beginning of the review, the suspect Cheng Mousi refused to admit that there were many criminal facts of burglary. Zhang Jian carried out legal propaganda and policy attack on him according to the evidence he had mastered. In the face of iron evidence, Cheng Mousi’s psychological defense line collapsed and truthfully confessed more than 40 cases of burglary since 2015. CCTV’s legal report column and major media in provinces and cities have successively conducted special interviews and reports on this case.

Third, the iron man is tender. He is a "pioneer" who dares to take responsibility.

Choosing the profession of criminal investigation police means sacrifice and dedication. Since he was a policeman for 10 years, Zhang Jian rarely accompanied his parents, wife and children for the New Year, and most of his holidays were spent at work. Especially after serving as the captain, Zhang Jian always appealed to infect everyone with his words and deeds. He always smiled and said to everyone, "I am party member, and I am the captain. I am a major case and a crisis. Of course, I have to charge ahead." But in the face of his family, Zhang Jian often chooses to "wait" and "talk about it later" … because he knows that criminal investigation serves the people, and he must do everything with his heart in order to be worthy of the trust of the people and colleagues and to be worthy of this treasure.

On January 27, 2017, at 4 o’clock in the morning on New Year’s Eve, a masked man broke into the Dream Elf Hotel in Renmin South Road, Tianjiaan District with a simulation gun. After threatening the bar waiter Liu with words, he took away the 5050 cash in the bar drawer. The social impact was extremely bad. After the incident, Zhang Jian immediately led the squadron police to investigate the case. First, conduct a detailed investigation around the crime scene and extract relevant trace material evidence; The second is to take the scene as the center, and extend to the surrounding area to retrieve a large number of surveillance videos to obtain the escape trajectory of the suspect; The third is to visit the crime scene and surrounding areas to find criminal clues. Through a lot of work, Zhang Jian found that a robbery case in Huainan Development Zone on January 19 and a robbery case in Tianjiaan District on January 25 could be investigated together with this case. Through the in-depth analysis of the law and characteristics of criminal suspects, it is found that most criminal suspects stay or rest in some small baths and black internet cafes after committing crimes. After discovering this situation, Zhang Jian focused on the various baths and black Internet cafes in the city. Through unremitting efforts, on January 31, Zhang Jian found that the suspect appeared in a small bath in the north of Tianjiaan District, so he led the police of the task force to arrest the suspect Zhou in one fell swoop in the bath. And Zhang Jian has been working continuously for four days and nights, because he knows that as long as the case is not broken, the haze hanging over this Spring Festival and thousands of lights will not disappear for a moment.

In the 10 years since he was a policeman, Zhang Jian has never taken a public holiday, how many times he has traveled day and night, and how many times he has been busy in other places, which is common to Zhang Jian. Everywhere, he put public security as the priority, people’s interests as the priority, with his family’s entrustment and exhortation, with infinite concern and guilt for his loved ones, devoted himself to investigation and solving cases with the highest standards, the strictest requirements, the hardest measures and the best mental state, and repaid his family’s understanding and support with one good news after another and one medal after another. With his loyalty to the party and the people, his selfless hard work, his wisdom and sweat, his bravery and fearlessness, Zhang Jian maintained social stability and the people lived in peace, and explained the value pursuit of an Interpol captain.

Zhang Jian has been a policeman for more than ten years, always hating evil and caring for the masses, practicing the duties and mission of a criminal policeman. He is a "sword" that scares criminals, but he is the warmest "detective" in the hearts of the people. He takes the lead in setting an example, showing the responsibility and actions of a party member cadre. He is the closest "good brother" in the team, but the most familiar "stranger" at home. In view of his outstanding work and outstanding achievements, Zhang Jian won the first-class merit of the "Top Ten Loyal Guards" of the provincial public security organs and the Ministry of Public Security once, the municipal bureau award in 2009, the personal third-class merit in 2010, the personal third-class merit in 2012, the personal third-class merit in 2013, the outstanding civil servant in 2010-2012, and the May 1st Labor Medal in 2015.

Source: Huainan Civilization Office

Huainan released the second wave of fan welfare in May.

From now until June 2, Ma Canjun will bring you 10 movie passes to Huainan Xingyi Studios, where you can watch IMAX for free. Click "Watching" at the end of Huainan Publishing (tweet from May 27th to June 2nd), and you can contact Huainan Publishing Xiaobian for checking after a total of 50 recommendations.

Ticket collecting method: June 3rd, Huainan Publishing Office of ITU.

Tel: 0554-6660661

Ticket collecting address: 10th floor, Building 3, Century Tiancheng, Tianjiaan District, Huainan.

Remarks: one for each person, on a first-come-first-served basis, not on behalf of others!

Each micro-signal can only participate in one activity within one month!

Publicity film on eliminating evils in Huainan Economic Development Zone

Comment: Be wary of the normalized "996" work system giving birth to the "overworked generation"

  Recently, the 996 working system has aroused social concern. The so-called "996" refers to working from 9: 00 am to 9: 00 pm, working 6 days a week, with a minimum working time of 72 hours a week. According to the provisions of China’s labor law, the state implements a working hour system in which workers work no more than 8 hours a day and 44 hours a week on average.

  The trend of 996 working system spreading from internet companies to various industries is worrying. Many workers are trapped by this working system and forced to become "overworked generation" in endless overtime. This means that in the state that the 996 working system has become a hidden rule in the industry, even if you choose to change jobs, you still can’t get rid of the overtime curse. It is the workplace that changes and the working hours remain unchanged.

  The social harm of 996 working system is self-evident, which overdraws the health and energy of workers, damages the interest and enthusiasm of a generation for work, and then has a negative impact on sustainable economic development and social harmony. Perhaps at present, the number of enterprises implementing the 996 working system has not reached the majority, but in the public opinion field with the magnifying effect of the Internet, the dissatisfaction caused by 996 is immeasurable to the society. A few days ago, an article "In my parents ‘ 996’ In front of us, the news that Japanese young people choose low desire has aroused people’s concern, and we should be alert to the hidden worries behind it.

  (Half-monthly commentator: Yang Jiannan)

The 2023 Global Digital Economy Conference will open on July 4. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: The scale of China’s industrial Internet industry has exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan.

Every reporter | Zhang Rui every edited | Chen Xing    

On June 21st, the press conference of the 2023 Global Digital Economy Conference was held in Beijing.

National business daily reporter learned that the 2023 Global Digital Economy Conference will be held at the Beijing National Convention Center from July 4th to 7th. With the theme of "data-driven development and intelligence leading the future", the conference provided a global platform for the exchange and cooperation of new theories, rules, technologies, industries and systems of the digital economy.

Introduction: The main forum of the conference will invite domestic and foreign experts, academicians and business representatives to deliver speeches, release the White Paper on Global Digital Economy, hold a summit dialogue on international cooperation in digital economy, and create a global weather vane for policy formulation, technological frontier, industrial trends and application paradigms in the digital economy.

Press conference scene Image source: Every reporter Zhang Rui photo

Introduce that the opening ceremony and main forum of this conference will further innovate the mode of holding the conference:

The first is to further improve the degree of internationalization and expand the scope of international cooperation and exchanges. Combined with the overall strengthening of international exchanges and cooperation in the post-epidemic period, it is planned to expand the invitation of international representatives to participate in the conference, set up the guest country of the conference for the first time, and issue the "Global Digital Economy Partner City Cooperation Initiative" to promote the joint construction of the "Digital Silk Road" and bilateral digital governance cooperation, so as to make the conference a "booster" for promoting digital open cooperation between cities around the world and under the international multilateral framework.

The second is to further optimize the degree of quality products, open up innovation and deepen cooperation. On the basis of previous exhibitions, the boutique theme exhibition will expand its exhibition area to 10,000 square meters, and set up digital infrastructure, data elements, industry digitalization, digital industrialization and digital security exhibition areas, highlighting professionalism, foresight, platform and experience, comprehensively enhancing its specifications and influence, and building a top-level international platform for digital economy frontier collision exchange and results release.

The third is to further demonstrate the charm of digital technology and start a number of "first time" attempts. For the first time, the "Digital Night" city pulse lighting ceremony was set up, and the video of the "Digital Night" city pulse lighting ceremony was broadcast live, interspersed with offline real scenes, and shared between reality and reality. At Shougang Park, Tongzhou Canal, Olympic Tower and Qianmen Dashilan, you can watch the AR show scene with a strong sense of science and technology.

Play the first China Digital Concert on the whole network at 21: 00, open a digital music feast, gather the top domestic virtual human technical team, top domestic virtual idols, virtual hosts, artists and other top resources, stage a cross-dimensional digital music festival, and show the world the Beijing business card and the vitality of an open, cooperative and win-win international city.

"It is worth mentioning that for the first time, the conference fully used digital badges to achieve paperless participation and create a new experience of digital participation." Say.

The fourth is to further highlight the degree of specialization and release major achievements. The White Paper on Global Digital Economy in 2023 will be released to promote the cooperation and exchange of global digital economy. Create a global vane of policy formulation, technological frontier, industrial trends and application paradigm in the digital economy.

At the press conference, he said that in recent years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the vigorous promotion of various departments and regions, China’s digital economy has achieved positive results.

The first is that the comprehensive strength of digital infrastructure has reached a new level. China has built the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure. By the end of April this year, more than 2.73 million 5G base stations have been built, with 5G networks covering all prefecture-level cities, more than 17.93 million ports with Gigabit network services, 634 million mobile phone users, 100 million Gigabit optical network users and 1.984 billion mobile Internet of Things users. 5G applications have covered 52 national economic categories, and the foundation of the Internet of Everything is stable.

Second, the integration of the digital economy and the real economy has become increasingly solid. The penetration rate of numerical control and digital R&D design tools for key processes in key industrial enterprises reached 59.4% and 77.6% respectively. The industrial Internet was fully integrated into 45 categories of national economy, with an industrial scale of over 1.2 trillion yuan. The "5G+ industrial Internet" has landed in thousands of industries and extended to the core links of production.

Third, the core digital industry is growing. In 2022, China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved operating income of 15.4 trillion yuan, software business income of 10.8 trillion yuan, and big data industry income of 1.57 trillion yuan, which laid a solid industrial and technical foundation for the integration and development of informationization and industrialization.

The incubation and application promotion of high-quality open source communities at home and abroad are accelerating, which has injected vitality into technological innovation and economic and social development.

The fourth is to speed up the flow of data elements. Thoroughly implement the "Twenty Data Articles", speed up the construction of a data-based system, and study and formulate national standards in the fields of data property rights, circulation transactions, asset evaluation, and security governance. Continue to implement the National Standard for Data Management Capability (DCMM). By the end of March 2023, a total of 1,469 enterprises had completed the standard implementation, covering 10 major fields such as electric power and communication.

Promote the high-level construction of data exchanges in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, with the rapid rise of emerging entities such as data labeling, data intermediary and data governance, and gradually form market operation systems such as data asset evaluation, registration and settlement, and transaction matching, and further release the potential of data elements.

Finally, the international cooperation in the digital economy has gone deep into reality. Actively carry out pragmatic cooperation with ASEAN, the African Union and countries along the Belt and Road in the field of digital economy, participate in the formulation of digital rules by multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, G20 and BRICS, and advocate the launching of a series of international cooperation initiatives and agreements, such as the G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative, the Joint Action Initiative to Build a Community of Cyberspace Destiny and the Global Data Security Initiative, which have significantly enhanced the international influence of China’s digital economy.

Cover image source: Photo courtesy of the organizer

Summary of Important Information of Strong Earthquake in Nepal on 27th (real-time update)

  Nepal’s Ministry of Interior: A strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

  Nepal’s Interior Ministry said on the 27th that a strong earthquake has killed 3,904 people in Nepal.

  The number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake rose to 3815.

On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.
On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.

  According to the British "Guardian" report, Nepal’s internal affairs officials said on the 27th that at least 3,815 people had been killed in a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 on the 25th. WHO estimates that this strong earthquake affected more than 5 million people.

  Strong earthquake in Nepal: the international community continues to increase rescue efforts

  International rescue forces continue to reinforce the disaster area. United Nations spokesman Orla Fagan said that dozens of international rescue teams have rushed to Nepal, and they will fly to the disaster area as soon as possible. At present, there is an urgent shortage of drinking water and food in the disaster area, power supply is interrupted in many places, mobile phone networks are intermittent, hospitals are overcrowded, and roads leading to the epicenter are blocked.

  253 Chinese employees of Nepal Hydropower Project of Three Gorges Group were trapped in the construction site.

  The Na Suaka Li Hydropower Station, which was built in Nepal by China Hydropower Foreign Corporation under the Three Gorges Group, suffered serious losses in the earthquake. At present, 253 Chinese employees are still trapped in the construction site. According to the latest statistics of Three Gorges Group, two Chinese employees were killed, one was seriously injured and several were slightly injured in the earthquake. The communication road between the project and the outside world is completely interrupted, and the material reserve is expected to be only enough for 2 days at most.

  Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Four China citizens were killed in Nepal.

  China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said on the 27th that four China citizens were killed in Nepal, including one tourist, one mountaineer on the south side of Mount Everest and two employees of a Chinese-funded company building a project in Nepal. It is understood that before the earthquake, there were about 3,000 to 4,000 China tourists in Nepal. China is sending more flights to try to take back the Nepalese citizens stranded in China as soon as possible.

  Climbers on the north slope of Mount Qomolangma were evacuated from the safety zone and climbing activities were suspended for ten days.

  On the 27th, Nima Tsering, deputy director of Xizang Autonomous Region Sports Bureau, told China News Service that at present, Chinese climbers on the north slope of Mount Everest have been evacuated to Shigatse, Tibet, and foreign climbers have also been evacuated to the base camp to rest. At present, all climbers on the north slope have retreated to safety. At the same time, the mountaineering activities on Mount Everest were suspended for ten days for observation.

  One death, eight injuries and one loss of contact caused by the Everest avalanche in China.

  On 27th, after contacting Tibet Mountaineering Association, Nepal Mountaineering Association, Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, chinese mountaineering association learned that the earthquake in Nepal caused an avalanche on Mount Everest, and one climber in China was killed and eight people were injured, two of them were seriously injured, and one of his friends who participated in the international mountaineering team lost contact.

  Officials say the number of people killed in Nepal’s strong earthquake has exceeded 3,000 and more than 6,500 people have been injured.

On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.
On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.

  The head of the disaster management department of Nepal’s Ministry of Interior said that the 8.1-magnitude earthquake in Nepal has killed 3,218 people and injured more than 6,500 people. At the same time, strong local aftershocks continue to occur, causing inconvenience to disaster relief work and the lives of victims. According to the statistics of the earthquake monitoring department, aftershocks exceeding 4.5 have occurred at least 30 times.

  Tourism Bureau: There are more than 4,000 tourists in China, and 3,000 are individual tourists.

  According to the website of the National Tourism Administration, according to the investigation of the travel agency team management system of the National Tourism Administration and the data reported by the provincial tourism commissions, at 12:00 on April 26th, there were about 39 China tourism teams in Nepal, with 1,047 tourists (teams and free travellers). It is estimated that there are about 3,000 individual travelers in Nepal.

  Nearly 300 thousand people in Tibet were affected by the strong earthquake in Nepal, and the magnitude 7.1 aftershock expanded the disaster.

On April 25, officers and men of the investigation detachment of the Tibet Public Security Frontier Corps appeased the affected people in Jilong Town.
On April 25, officers and men of the investigation detachment of the Tibet Public Security Frontier Corps appeased the affected people in Jilong Town.

  On the 27th, the reporter learned from the Tibetan authorities that the 7.1-magnitude aftershock in Nepal at 15: 09 on the 26th aggravated landslides in some areas of Shigatse, Tibet, and blocked roads in many places. In addition, the climate in the disaster-stricken areas in Tibet has been abnormal recently, with continuous rain and snow, which has greatly affected the earthquake relief work and further expanded the disaster situation.

  The earthquake killed 20 people in Tibet, and the rescue and disaster relief are facing difficulties.

On April 26th, houses collapsed in Jilong Town, Jilong County, Shigatse City, Tibet. On the same day, Gu Bingzhan, deputy commander of Xigaze Military Division of Tibet Military Region, led a rescue commando team composed of more than 200 officers and men in medical, engineering and logistics support to the disaster-stricken area in Kyrgyzstan, Tibet. < a target =' _ blank' href =' http://www.chinanews.com/'> China News Service < /a > by Li Lin.
On April 26th, houses collapsed in Jilong Town, Jilong County, Shigatse City, Tibet. On the same day, Gu Bingzhan, deputy commander of Xigaze Military Division of Tibet Military Region, led a rescue commando team composed of more than 200 officers and men in medical, engineering and logistics support to the disaster-stricken area in Kyrgyzstan, Tibet. China News Agency issued Li Linshe

  On the 26th, the reporter learned from the official that as of press time, the number of people killed in the earthquake in Nepal in Tibet has increased to 20, and another 4 people are missing, 55 people are injured, 1,191 houses and 1 temple have collapsed, 5,828 houses and 54 temples have been damaged to varying degrees, 58 communication base stations have been damaged, and more than 200,000 people have been affected to varying degrees.

  The aftershocks are frequent, and the "island" of Zhangmu in Tibet is difficult to pass.

  At 14: 11 on the 25th, an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 in Boccara, Nepal, spread to Zhangmu Port on the Sino-Nepal border. More than 40 hours have passed, and rescuers are still unable to enter Zhangmu Town. At present, the rescue force is only the last 30 kilometers away from Zhangmu Town. However, the aftershock caused the No.2 bridge in the direction of Nyalam to collapse, and Kangqiao Mingdong was buried by landslide. Not only was the vehicle impassable, but 57 commandos who were hiking to Zhangmu were also forced to withdraw.

  The earthquake in Nepal has killed more than 2,000 people and strong aftershocks continue to occur.

On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.
On April 26, 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, after the earthquake in Nepal, aftershocks continued and people were evacuated.

  According to official statistics of Nepal, the earthquake has caused at least 2,430 deaths and about 6,000 injuries in the country. The earthquake has killed at least 62 people and injured more than 250 people in India. At least 20 people were killed, 4 people were missing, 58 people were injured and more than 200,000 people were affected to varying degrees in Tibet, China. The earthquake also killed four people and injured more than 200 people in Bangladesh.

  The number of casualties is rising, and international rescue is racing against time.

  After the disaster, Nepal declared a state of emergency and appealed for international assistance. On the 26th, a large number of relief supplies, doctors and relief workers from neighboring countries have arrived in Nepal. With the help of the international team, rescuers worked hard to clear the ruins. Due to the limited site conditions, rescuers, including the police and the army, had to dig with their bare hands in an attempt to rescue the survivors under the rubble of the collapsed building.

  About 350 citizens of China are still stranded at Nepalese airport.

  Up to now, there are about 350 China tourists stranded in tribhuvan international airport. China Embassy vacated the consular compound, arranged special personnel to receive China citizens who came for help, and more than 150 people were temporarily arranged to spend the night safely in the museum. In addition to Nepalese citizens who are traveling in China, there are more than 2,100 Chinese-funded institutions in China.

  Click to view the summary of important information:

  Summary of Important Information of Strong Earthquake in Nepal on 25th

  Summary of Important Information on 26th Strong Earthquake in Nepal

Science and Technology Frontier | Scanning of Recent Scientific Research Achievements

Team Xiang Ye of Medical College made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

Li Pilong’s research group of School of Life and Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College cooperated to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

The Engineering Laboratory of Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and put forward a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, issued a report on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices by dielectric integrated optical doping.

Fang Xianyang’s research group of School of Life has made new progress in the solution structure study of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of the School of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

Zhong Yi’s research group of School of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

Xiao Bailong from the School of Pharmacy and Li Xueming from the School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

Team Xiang Ye of Tsinghua Medical College has made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

On September 17th, a team led by Xiang Ye, an associate professor hired by Tsinghua University Medical Dean and a researcher at Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, published an academic paper entitled "Structure of the African Swine fever virus major capsid protein p72" online in Cell Research. In this study, the high-resolution structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 was analyzed for the first time by the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of single particle by cryoelectron microscope, and the possible assembly mechanism of African classical swine fever virus capsid was revealed, which laid a solid foundation for the development of African classical swine fever virus subunit vaccine.

African swine fever virus originated in Africa, and the mortality rate of domestic pig infection is nearly 100%, which is a great threat to domestic pig breeding industry and even people’s livelihood and economy. African swine fever virus has spread rapidly from Africa to Europe, South America and some parts of Asia in the past few decades. In August 2018, African swine fever virus infection was found in northeast China, and soon the virus spread to most parts of the country, causing economic losses of more than 100 billion yuan. At present, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines and epidemic prevention measures to control and prevent African swine fever virus. In response to the urgent needs of the country, Tsinghua University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure took the lead, and more than a dozen research groups from Peking University, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Pasteur Institute and other units began to tackle key problems of African swine fever virus in April this year.

▲ Structure of African classical swine fever virus: a. Simulate the capsid structure of African classical swine fever virus produced by virus assembly according to the capsid protein p72 structure of African classical swine fever virus; B freeze electron microscopic structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 trimer.

African swine fever virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with complex structure. Its genome is protected by two capsids and two outer membranes. The capsids are mainly composed of virus coding protein p72. According to previous experimental data, p72 accounts for about 33% of the total weight of virus particles, and p72 is the main antigen that can be detected in the blood of infected pigs. At the initial stage of studying p72 protein, Xiang Ye’s research group found that p72 protein with correct folding conformation could not be obtained by recombinant expression of p72 protein alone, and only when p72 was co-expressed with another helper protein B602L encoded by African swine fever, could the p72 protein with correct folding conformation be obtained. On this premise, the research team determined the high-resolution 3-D structure of p72 protein of 2.67 angstrom (above) by using the method of single particle 3-D reconstruction with cryoelectron microscope. The results showed that three p72 molecules formed a stable trimer form. Each p72 contains two pancake-like domains connected in series, and each domain consists of eight β-folded sheets, which is very common in the capsid protein structure of icosahedral virus. The six cake-like structures of trimer p72 together form a pseudo-hexamer whose bottom is anchored on the inner membrane of the virus. The inserted fragments between trimer p72 folded sheets together form a propeller-like top structure that extends out of the virus, which is most likely the receptor binding area on the cell surface.

There have been many attempts to study subunit vaccines based on p72 protein of African classical swine fever virus, but no satisfactory results have been obtained. The failure of previous studies is probably due to the failure to use the correctly folded p72 protein. Obtaining the correctly folded p72 protein and determining its high-resolution structure are helpful to develop drugs targeting virus capsid assembly and subunit vaccines. At present, the research and development and evaluation of p72 subunit vaccine are being closely carried out by Tsinghua University and Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Associate Professor Xiang Ye is the correspondent of this article. Liu Qi, a 2014 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life Union Center, is the first author of this paper. Ma Bingting, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Xiangye Laboratory, Associate Professor Tan Xu from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and their laboratory members Qian Nianchao and Zhang Fan, and Professor Lei Jianlin, director of the cryo-electron microscope platform of Tsinghua University Life College, participated in this work.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-019-0232-x

Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

On September 16th, Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua University Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Tsinghua University Medical College. An academic article entitled "Histone modifications regulate chromatin compartmentalization by contributing to a phase separation mechanism" was published in Molecular Cell.

Eukaryotic cells use many membrane-bound organelles to distinguish biochemical reactions in order to better regulate space and time. For example, their genomes are enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle, namely the nucleus, in order to better control the genetic information flow. In the nucleus, the genome is further regulated to form many compartments or regions, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Judging from some of their characteristics, these dynamic solid compartments are similar to membraneless organelles. Many protein that play a role in chromatin compartmentalization have the inherent ability of liquid-liquid separation, such as human heterochromatin protein HP1α and Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1a. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that chromatin compartmentalization is formed by liquid-liquid separation. However, the previous studies can’t explain why the other two homologous proteins, HP1β and HP1γ, of human heterochromatin protein HP1α, which can’t be separated by themselves or from DNA, perform similar functions, and whether the formation of constitutive heterochromatin is regulated by the liquid-liquid separation mechanism formed by multivalent interaction between multivalent HP1 protein complex and multivalent histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3).

▲ Liquid-liquid separation mediated by multivalent interaction between H3K9me3 on nucleosome string and CD of HP1 complex promotes the formation of heterochromatin compartments.

In this work, Li Pilong and Li Haitao’s research group cooperated to prove that in vitro, the modification of histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3) and the multivalent interaction of recognizing its modified HP1 chromatin domain Chromodomain(CD) can lead to the formation of heterochromatin. The authors used two polyvalent HP1-CD complexes, the key chromatin fragment (NE) extracted from human nucleus and the nucleosome string (NA) modified by H3K9me3 in vitro as experimental systems. Several evidences show that the formation of these droplets is mediated by liquid-liquid separation. The resulting droplets are reminiscent of the dynamic behavior of heterochromatin and its response to biochemical regulation and mutant phenotype. The author concludes that the liquid-liquid separation driven by multivalent H3K9me3/CD interaction is the key force for the formation of heterochromatin in cells. To sum up, this study proposed a general mechanism of histone labeling regulating chromosome compartmentalization by promoting liquid-liquid separation.

Li Pilong and Li Haitao are co-authors of this article. Wang Liang, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life College, Gao Yifei, a 2016 Ph.D. student from Medical College, and Zheng Xiangdong, a postdoctoral fellow from Medical College, are the co-first authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(19)30658-6

Cheng Gong Laboratory of Tsinghua Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and proposed a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

On September 16th, Professor Cheng Gong from Tsinghua University Medical College published an academic paper entitled "Host serum iron modulations of dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes" (doi: 10.1038/S41564-019-0555-) in Nature Microbiology. This study found for the first time that the iron content in human serum is the key factor to regulate the transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes, and put forward an anti-dengue transmission blocking strategy based on iron supplementation.

Dengue fever is one of the most widespread viral infectious diseases in the world. Dengue virus is carried by mosquitoes and spread to people. At present, dengue fever has been prevalent in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, about 2.5 billion people in the world live in areas threatened by dengue infection, 390 million people are infected or repeatedly infected with dengue virus every year, and 500-1 million people are hospitalized. Dengue fever has become the largest insect-borne viral infectious disease in the world. In recent 20 years, the epidemic trend of dengue fever in the world has intensified, which has become a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary vectors of dengue virus transmission in nature. This kind of mosquitoes are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, but the epidemic trend of dengue fever is not completely consistent with the distribution of mosquitoes, and there are obvious population and regional differences in dengue fever. Identifying the key factors affecting the spread of dengue virus is a key scientific problem to be answered in this field.

Mosquitoes can acquire viruses from infected hosts by sucking blood. Within a few days after mosquitoes suck blood, the infected person’s blood is quickly digested. At the same time, the virus in the blood infects the intestinal epithelial cells of mosquitoes and spreads into the body cavity of mosquitoes, so that mosquitoes have the ability to spread viruses. The above two processes are highly coincident in time, so researchers speculate that host blood factors or blood metabolites can regulate the process of virus infection in mosquitoes, and ultimately determine the vector efficiency of mosquitoes carrying and spreading viruses. Through a series of screening, it was found for the first time that the iron ion content in the host serum was highly negatively correlated with the ability of mosquitoes to acquire virus by blood-sucking, and it was proved that the iron ion concentration in the serum was the key negative regulatory factor to inhibit mosquitoes from acquiring virus infection. The results of further research show that iron ions in serum can be directly utilized by the iron metabolism system of intestinal cells after entering the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, which inhibits the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in cells, leading to a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, and finally inhibits the infection and amplification of viruses in mosquitoes (Figure 1).

▲ Figure 1. Host serum iron ions can increase the level of reactive oxygen species in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes and inhibit the infection of dengue virus in mosquitoes by inhibiting the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in intestinal cells.

Iron deficiency is a nutritional problem widely existing in nature. According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is widely distributed in Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and other regions. By comparison, it can be found that the distribution area of iron deficiency is highly coincident with the epidemic area of dengue fever, so the researchers speculate that the iron deficiency state of the population is closely related to the epidemic of dengue virus. In the subsequent study, it was found that the low iron state of the host can promote mosquitoes to infect the virus during blood feeding, and iron supplementation to the low iron host can block the spread of the virus. It shows that universal iron supplementation is an effective means to cut off the spread of dengue virus in nature, which will provide a new prevention and control idea and strategy for dengue virus prevention and control.

▲ Figure 2. Iron supplementation to the host can block mosquitoes from carrying and spreading dengue virus.

Professor Cheng Gong of Tsinghua University Medical College is the correspondent of this paper, and Zhu Yibin, a postdoctoral fellow of Tsinghua University Medical College, is the first author. Professor Wang Penghua from the Medical College of the University of Connecticut, Professor Liu Qiyong from the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Professor Bian Zhongqi from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the 920th Hospital of China People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Professor Itsanun Wiwatanaratanabutr from Thailand Xianhuang Institute of Technology, and Wu Tianshi, deputy chief physician of Tsinghua University School Hospital, are the collaborators of this paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0555-x

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, Tsinghua, published a report in Nature Communication on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices through dielectric integrated optical doping.

On September 11th, the research group of Associate Professor Li Yue of Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering published a research paper entitled "Substance-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices" in Nature Communications. It is the first time to propose an optical doping method that can be integrated with dielectric to realize functional devices with near-zero exponential electromagnetic characteristics, which provides a new design method for new chip integrated circuits and has potential application value in biosensor, integrated circuits, functional materials and other fields.

▲ Conceptual diagram of dielectric integrated optical doping: (a) linear structure, (b) bending structure.

Near-zero-index device is a kind of functional device based on near-zero index medium. Compared with traditional electromagnetic devices, it has the characteristics of deformation, local adjustment and field enhancement. Electromagnetic wave in near-zero exponential medium presents a special wave effect of spatial static distribution, including near-zero refractive index and group velocity, as well as infinite wavelength and phase velocity. In 2017, Professor Nader Engheta and Associate Professor Li Yue of the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania jointly published an article in the journal Science, proposing the concept of optical doping based on near-zero exponential media for the first time, transplanting doping technology from micro-scale to macro-scale, and regulating the magnetic permeability of equivalent media through doping in non-ordered media, thus realizing multi-modal control such as paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ideal magnet. It is a kind of aperiodic structure.

▲ Experimental observation of optical doping characteristics of dielectric integration: (a) test platform, (b) near-zero reflection, zero phase and high group delay.

Based on the engineering application of the new theory, this paper puts forward an optical doping method based on dielectric integration. Combining with typical integrated circuit technology, the regulation of optical doping on the magnetic characteristics of equivalent media is expressed as the regulation of the electromagnetic response of chip integrated devices, and a variety of near-zero exponential functional devices are realized. For example, a high-sensitivity biosensor with the help of local field enhancement effect in doped media, an efficient photoacoustic modulator with weak mechanical vibration, and an "electric fiber" (analogous to optical fiber) that can be bent and deformed at will and its working frequency remains unchanged. In addition, Li Yue team verified the electromagnetic characteristics of the concept of dielectric integrated optical doping through experiments, and observed zero phase shift, high time delay, position independence of doped media and device shape independence, which were consistent with the analytical theoretical prediction and full-wave simulation results.

The theoretical and experimental work of this thesis was completed in Tsinghua University, and the Department of Electronic Engineering of Tsinghua University was the first unit of this thesis. Li Yue and Nader Enkhtar are the corresponding authors of this article, and Zhou Ziheng, a doctoral student in the Department of Electronic Engineering, is the first author. Other authors include Li Hao and Sun Wangyu, Ph.D. students from Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering, and Dr. Inigo Liberal from Navarre Public University.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12083-y

Fang Xianyang’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life has made new progress in the study of solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

On September 10th, Fang Xianyang’s research group of the School of Life cooperated with Qin Chengfeng’s research group of the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medicine. A research paper entitled "Long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has extended 3D structures and is flexible in solution" was published in EMBO Reports. In this paper, the solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from flavivirus type 2 dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus was reported in detail for the first time.

▲ Flow chart of studying the structure of flavivirus sfRNA solution by SAXS and computational simulation.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which plays a variety of important functions in organisms and is a hot spot in life science research. Like its host, almost all viruses can encode long-chain noncoding RNA. Many mosquito-borne flavivirus, such as dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus, are pathogens that pose a great threat to human health. A large number of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA(sfRNA) will accumulate in the infected host cells, which play an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus and the immune escape from the host.

It is of great significance to study the structure-function of long-chain noncoding RNA, but at present, there is no effective means to study its three-dimensional spatial structure, so the three-dimensional spatial structure information of long-chain noncoding RNA is still very little. The length of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from mosquito-borne flavivirus is between 400 and 500 nucleotides, so it is very difficult to study its structure by using traditional structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance or cryoelectron microscopy. Fang Xianyang’s research team and their collaborators, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering technology and computational simulation, studied the solution structure and flexibility of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from dengue virus type 2, Zika virus and West Nile virus by step-by-step solution. It is found that the long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has multiple subdomains, which have an extended three-dimensional spatial structure in solution, modular structural characteristics similar to multi-domain proteins and great flexibility.

It is particularly interesting that the three-dimensional spatial shapes and structures of the dumbbell-shaped domains in series of sfRNA of Dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus based on small-angle X-ray scattering data are significantly different, which is presumed to be caused by the topological differences of their pseudo-knots in series. This inference is confirmed by further computational simulation, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo cell experiments. This study is an active exploration of the three-dimensional structure of long-chain noncoding RNA. The research results of this paper not only provide important structural information for understanding the physiological function of sfRNA, but also show that the integrated structural biology method based on small-angle X-ray scattering and computational simulation is a feasible method for studying the three-dimensional structure of other long-chain noncoding RNA solutions.

Fang Xianyang, researcher of Tsinghua University Life College, and Qin Chengfeng, researcher of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, Institute of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, are co-authors of this article. Zhang Yupeng, a 2013 direct doctoral student of Tsinghua University Life College, Zhang Yikan, a 2016 general doctoral student, Dr. Liu Zhongyu, an associate professor of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, and Cheng Mengli, a master student of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201847016

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of Tsinghua University of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

On September 9th, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China" online in the international academic journal Nature Communications, and evaluated the effect of the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading in China on promoting enterprise innovation and its mechanism.

Carbon emission trading is a widely concerned market-based carbon emission reduction policy, which has been adopted by many countries and regions in the world and can play an important role in mitigating climate change. At present, the empirical knowledge about the effect of carbon emissions trading policy mainly comes from the study of EU carbon market. However, people still have little understanding of the scope of this market-oriented policy, the influence of interaction with other policies and the changes in the mechanism brought about by policy design, which limits the further promotion and greater role of the policy.

In order to solve this problem, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University pay close attention to the pilot policy of carbon emission trading in China since 2013, and use enterprise-level data and patent application information to empirically test the influence and potential mechanism of the policy on low-carbon innovation of enterprises by using the methods of matching and double difference. Low-carbon innovation is helpful to get rid of the path dependence on carbon-intensive economy and energy infrastructure, and alleviate the negative impact caused by the uncertain trend of carbon emission reduction, which is very important to achieve stable emission reduction.

▲ Patent application trends of carbon trading enterprises and non-carbon trading enterprises.

It is found that, on the basis of the impact of policies such as energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon pilot projects, carbon emission trading has promoted trading enterprises to increase 1.75 low-carbon patent applications within two years, which is close to the policy effect of two low-carbon patent applications in the EU carbon market within five years, and at the same time, it has increased the applications of other types of patents, especially other green technology patents. The influence scope of the policy goes beyond the carbon emission trading enterprises, and the influence on enterprises that have not been included in carbon trading but may be included in the future is also very significant. It is also found that the innovation behavior of enterprises is not affected by the price of carbon trading, but by the way of quota allocation. This series of research findings provide a reference for the construction of China’s national carbon market.

Associate Professor Zhu Junming from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University is the first author and co-author of the article, while Deng Xinghua, a former postdoctoral fellow in Tsinghua University and now a lecturer at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, is the co-author of the article, and Professor Xue Lan and Fan Yichun, an undergraduate graduate of Tsinghua University and now a master of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are the co-authors of the paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12213-6

Zhong Yi’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

On September 5th, the research group of Zhong Yi, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Genetic Dissection of Active Forgetting in Labile and Consolidated Memories in Drosophila" in PNAS.

In this paper, the downstream molecular mechanisms of active forgetting of unstable short memory and stable long memory in Drosophila were systematically compared and analyzed for the first time. It was found that the active forgetting of unstable short memory was mediated by Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway, while the active forgetting of stable long memory was mediated by Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway. As Dia and Arp2/3 complex are reported to regulate the linear growth and branching growth of neurofilament skeleton respectively, the research results of this paper provide an interesting possibility: the active forgetting of memory components with different stability may be related to the growth mode of different forms of neurofilament structure.

▲ Analysis of forgetting mechanism of stable memory and unstable memory.

As early as 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist, described the forgetting curve of the human brain for newly acquired memories, and began the journey of human beings to explore the mystery of forgetting. In the following 100 years, many scholars tried to find the mechanism of forgetting by using the method of experimental psychology, and also created a variety of theories to explain the phenomenon of forgetting, but ultimately failed to get a unified answer. As a basic feature of human memory, forgetfulness has been widely studied and reported in psychology, but almost no one cares about it in the research of neurobiology, and it has become a "forgotten corner". The main reason may be that the forgetting process is simply regarded as another description of memory failure, and it is a passive process (if you remember poorly, you will forget quickly, and if you remember well, you will forget slowly), thus ignoring the unique molecular mechanism of forgetting itself.

Until 2010, Professor Zhong Yi’s research group discovered the biological mechanism of active forgetting for the first time, that is, the learning process itself will activate the molecular pathway of forgetting signals to actively forget the formed memories. This active forgetting mechanism does not affect the quality of learning itself, but specifically affects the speed of forgetting acquired memories. Moreover, different memory components will have their own active forgetting mechanisms. For example, in the olfactory punishment learning of Drosophila, one training (5 minutes) can produce two completely different memory components at the same time: unstable anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and relatively stable anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) which lasts for more than one day. Zhong Yi’s research group has found that a study session can activate Rac1 molecule in the small G protein family to erase the unstable anesthetic sensitive memory that lasts for several hours, and activate Cdc42 molecule, another member of the small G protein family, to forget the more stable anti-anesthetic memory that lasts for more than one day. However, the specific downstream molecular pathways of the forgetting mechanism mediated by Rac1 and Cdc42 are not clear.

Recently, the research paper published online by Zhong Yi’s research group analyzed the downstream molecular pathways of these two forgetting mechanisms for the first time: Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway mediates the active forgetting of short-term memory components (unstable anesthesia-sensitive memories that last for several hours), while Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway mediates the active forgetting of long-term memory components (relatively stable anti-anesthesia memories that last for more than one day). Both of these active forgetting mechanisms occur in the mushroom body of the learning and memory center of Drosophila (the mushroom body contains about 4000 neurons, and the whole brain of Drosophila has more than 100 thousand neurons). Interestingly, cell biology research found that Dia was directly responsible for the linear growth of microfilament skeleton, while Arp2/3 complex was responsible for the branching growth of microfilament skeleton. This suggests that the active forgetting function of different memory components may be related to different forms of dynamic changes in the microfilament skeleton structure of neurons. On the one hand, these research results bring the academic understanding of the molecular mechanism of forgetting into a more detailed dimension, on the other hand, they provide more effective pharmacological targets for directly regulating the function of forgetting.

Gao Yang, a Ph.D. student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, Shuai Yichun, a researcher in the Janelia Research Campus of the United States, Zhang Xuchen, a graduate doctoral student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, and Peng Yuwei, a doctoral student, are the co-first authors of this paper. Professor Zhong Yi from Tsinghua University and Assistant Researcher Li Gan are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903763116

Xiao Bailong of Tsinghua Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

On August 21, Nature (Nature) The journal published the research paper "Structure and Mechanizing of the Mammalian Tactical Channel Piezo2" written by Xiao Bailong’s research group of Tsinghua University Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of College of Life Sciences. The three-dimensional structure and exquisite working mechanism of high-resolution cryoelectron microscope, a mechanical force molecular receptor-PIEZO 2 ion channel, which gives human tactile perception ability, are reported for the first time. This research is another important research achievement in this field after the two research groups reported in Nature on January 22nd, 2018 the high-resolution three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanism of another member of the mechanically gated PIZO channel family-PIZO 1 ion channel, which not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structural basis and molecular mechanism of PIZO channel family, but also laid a solid foundation for drug development based on PIZO channel. At the same time, Nature published a commentator’s article and spoke highly of the research.

Touch, as one of the five senses, not only gives us the ability to perceive pleasant touches such as shaking hands, stroking and kissing to maintain normal social behavior, but also bears the biological basis for human beings to skillfully use various tools such as touch screen, mobile phone or mouse. However, under pathological conditions such as tissue injury or inflammation, abnormal tactile perception function can lead to severe mechanical hypersensitivity (also known as touch pain). For example, patients with cancer or arthritis often suffer from severe pain caused by slight touch such as dressing or walking, which seriously affects individual health and quality of life. In addition, autistic people usually show more sensitive tactile perception than ordinary people. Recent studies suggest that this abnormal tactile function may be one of the important causes of autism.

Tactile perception originates from the response of mechanical force sensing molecular receptor-mechanically gated cation channel expressed on primary sensory neurons to mechanical force stimulation, which causes extracellular cations, such as sodium ions and calcium ions, to flow into cells, which in turn induces nerve cell excitement and signal transmission, and finally leads to tactile sensation. In 2010, the research group of Professor Ardem Patapoutian of Scripps Institute in the United States identified that the Piezo gene family encodes the necessary components of mechanically gated cation channels in mammals. In 2012, Dr. Xiao Bailong, who is engaged in postdoctoral research in Professor Patapoutian’s research group, and his colleagues reported in the journal Nature that Piezo protein constitutes the core pore component of mechanically gated cation channels, thus establishing a brand-new ion channel family type of mechanically gated Piezo channels for the first time.

Subsequent studies have proved that Piezo2 mediates the mechanical perception of tactile, proprioception (such as posture balance perception) and visceral perception (such as lung contraction and expansion, blood pressure perception and heart rate regulation) in mammals, while Piezo1 has been found to act as a molecular receptor of mechanical force in a variety of cell tissues and participate in regulating the development of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, blood pressure homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling and many other functions. The genetic mutation of Piezo gene has been found to cause many human genetic diseases, including erythrocytopenia syndrome, lymphatic edema, distal joint contracture, tactile loss and so on. The human body with the loss-of-function mutation of Piezo2 not only shows tactile and proprioception defects, but also loses the perception of mechanical hypersensitivity in pathological state, which confirms that Piezo2 channel can be used as an important target for developing new analgesic drugs.

▲ Figure A, schematic diagram of frozen electron microscope of Piezo2, in which each subunit is represented by a different color; B, a schematic diagram of a dome-shaped structure surrounded by three outward twisted transmembrane paddle areas, and the transmembrane area is marked by the green dotted line; C, schematic diagram of the topological structure of Piezo2 with 38 transmembrane regions; D, a subunit structure of Piezo2 constitutes a display diagram; E, Piezo2 central pore module area; F, the central pore area of Piezo2 and Piezo1 surrounded by IH-CTD; The radius distribution diagram of the central pore area of G, Piezo2 and Piezo1, including the switch gate of transmembrane area and the Constriction neck); of intracellular area; H, Piezo1 and Piezo2 mutants with deletion of hat region lack the current induced by mechanical stimulation.

Dr. Xiao Bailong’s research group comprehensively uses the multi-disciplinary research methods, such as biochemical structure, electrophysiological patch clamp, Qualcomm dosage drug screening, transgenic mouse model and human genetics, and focuses on solving the key scientific problems of how the mechanically gated Piezo channel converts mechanical stimulation into electrochemical signals, and how it uses its own mechanical sensitivity and channel characteristics to determine related physiological and pathological functions, and is committed to developing new drugs and technologies targeting Piezo channel. Up to now, as a correspondent (including co-author), he has made a series of important research achievements in the three-dimensional structure analysis, molecular mechanism revelation, small molecule drug discovery and physiological and pathological function exploration of Piezo channel.

In this latest Nature paper, relying on the technical system and research platform established by two research groups for analyzing the structure of Piezo1 channel by cryo-electron microscope, the researchers have made unremitting efforts for more than six years to overcome the difficulty of extremely low expression of mouse-derived Piezo2 with a total length of 2,822 amino acids. Through continuous exploration and optimization of protein purification conditions and sample preparation methods by cryo-electron microscope, a stable and homogeneous protein sample was finally obtained for data collection by cryo-electron microscope. In the process of structural analysis, Piezo protein is extremely flexible, which brings great challenges to the resolution of high-resolution structures. The researchers expanded the symmetry of Piezo2 data particles, cut them into three parts, and calculated them independently, so as to obtain high-resolution structures of each part and then put them together into a complete structure, overcoming the flexibility problem, and finally obtained a three-dimensional structure with an overall resolution of 3.6-3.8 angstroms (Figure A), and successfully analyzed the complete topological structure of Piezo2 protein including 38 transmembrane helical regions (Figures C and D).

The researchers found that the overall three-dimensional structure of Piezo2 channel is similar to that of Piezo1 channel previously analyzed, and it is assembled into a trilobal propeller-like structure with 114 transmembrane helical regions in the form of homotrimer (Figure a-d), and it is established that Piezo channel is a kind of large membrane protein with the most transmembrane times so far. Among them, the 1st to 36th transmembrane helix regions (TM1-36) are sequentially assembled into 9 repetitive structural units with the 4th transmembrane helix region as the unit, and this characteristic structural unit was previously named THU (Transmembrane Helical Unit) with the abbreviation of Tsinghua University (Figure c, d). Very interestingly, these nine thus are connected in series to form a special non-planar transmembrane "Blade" structure, which leads to the three blades enclosing into a dome-shaped structure with a diameter of 28nm and a depth of 10nm (Figure B). Researchers speculate that this dome-shaped PIZO protein-cell membrane system may be one of the structural foundations of PIZO channel with high mechanical sensitivity.

The extracellular "Cap" domain located above the central pore region is completely embedded in the bottom of the dome (Figures A and B), while there is a 9nm long Beam structure inside the cell, which connects the peripheral end of the blade to the intracellular position of the central pore region (Figures a-e). The 38th transmembrane helix (named inner helix, IH) and the trailing intracellular carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) form a central pore part (Figures E and F), including a narrow neck located in the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region (Figures F and G), suggesting that the Piezo channel structure is in a closed state. The structural comparison between Piezo2 and Piezo1 shows that the transmembrane region narrow site is completely closed in Piezo2 structure, but open in Piezo1 (Figure f, g). Based on this, the researcher proposed that the narrow site forms a switch gate of transmembrane region (Figure f, g). Further structural analysis and electrophysiological function experiments show that the gate may be controlled by the rotation of the top hat domain (Figure H). However, because the narrow constriction neck located in the cytoplasm region is in the closed state in both Piezo1 and Piezo2 structures (Figure f, g), it remains to be further proved whether this site is controlled by the conformational changes of the blade and long rod structure as another switch gate.

Dr. Xiao Bailong said that through the full cooperation with Dr. Li Xueming’s research group, the analysis of the structure from Piezo1 to Piezo2 not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structure and mechanism of mechanical gating of Piezo channel in mammals, but also provided a solid foundation for exploring the mechanism of human diseases caused by the dysfunction of Piezo channel and the identification and discovery of related drugs. Relying on the all-round research platform and academic accumulation of Piezo channel established by their research group, they will devote themselves to the drug discovery and development of Piezo channel.

Dr. Xiao Bailong from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and Dr. Li Xueming from College of Life Sciences are co-authors of this paper. Wang Li, a postdoctoral fellow at Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy, Zhou Heng, a 2015 doctoral student at School of Life, Zhang Mingmin, a 2013 doctoral student, and Liu Wenhao, a 2016 doctoral student, are the first authors. In addition, Dr. Deng Tuan, Zhao Qiancheng (now a postdoctoral fellow at Yale University) and Li Yiran of Xiao Bailong’s research group also participated in some research work. Dr lei Jianlin of Tsinghua University cryo-electron microscope platform provided help for data collection of cryo-electron microscope.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1505-8.pdf

Graphic | School of Medicine, School of Life, Department of Electronics, School of Public Administration, School of Pharmacy

Editor | Li Jing

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments: From July 1st, the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be fully implemented.

CCTV News:Five departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, issued an announcement on matters related to the implementation of the national six emission standards for automobiles.

In order to implement the Emission Limits and Measurement Methods of Light Vehicle Pollutants (China Phase VI) (GB 18352.6&mdash; 2016) and "Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Heavy Diesel Vehicles (China Phase VI)" (GB 17691&mdash; In 2018), the relevant policies to help enterprises bail out, stabilize and expand automobile consumption are implemented. The relevant matters concerning the nationwide full implementation of the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b for light vehicles and the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b for heavy diesel vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the National Sixth Emission Standard 6b) are announced as follows:

1. From July 1, 2023, the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be fully implemented, and the production, import and sale of automobiles that do not meet the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be prohibited. The production date is based on the vehicle manufacturing date of the motor vehicle certificate, and the electronic information of the certificate should be uploaded before 0: 00 on July 1, 2023; The date of import is based on the date of arrival of the goods import certificate; The date of sale shall be subject to the date of motor vehicle sales invoice.

Two, for some of the actual driving pollutant emission tests (that is, RDE test) report results as "monitoring only" and other light vehicles, give a half-year sales transition period, allowing sales until December 31, 2023.

Three, automobile production and import enterprises, as the main body responsible for the consistency management of environmental protection production, should disclose the vehicle emission inspection information and pollution control technical information before the vehicle leaves the factory or enters the country according to the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law, so as to ensure that the actually produced and imported vehicles meet the requirements. Relevant certification bodies shall issue compulsory product certification certificates according to the national six emission standards 6b stage.

Master thesis research "fart"? Expert: A correct attitude and strange questions can also become classics.

  Recently, a master’s thesis entitled "Sociological Research on Fart" was circulated on the Internet, causing controversy. Some netizens are "sarcastic": Cold Window has studied hard for so many years, and it is really a "fart". Some netizens commented after reading that things that seem meaningless and are sneered at are "serious things to dig into."

  The Paper noted that the paper was written in 2007 by Gao Jianwei, an in-service master of sociology at Huazhong Normal University. At that time, Gao Jianwei not only passed the master’s thesis defense with this paper, but also was rated as "excellent".

  As early as 2015, the paper had aroused public concern. Li Yaxiong, a tutor of Gao Jianwei and a professor at Huazhong Normal University, said in an interview with the media at that time, "There are actually many aspects in life that are worth exploring, and there is no need to always repeat some meaningless topics. Some topics that look different or niche are often more worthy of consideration and there will be more interesting discoveries."

  In this regard, Zheng Zuoyu, a professor at the School of Sociology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that whether the paper can be written well depends on whether the attitude is correct. In his view, even if the topic is high, but the attitude is not good, "no use"; On the contrary, if the academic attitude is correct, the topic "No matter how bizarre it is" can also be described as a classic.

  The thesis was praised by the tutor.

  "I am often mentioned by people around me such a question: How did you do such a topic?" Gao Jianwei explained at the beginning of his thesis "Sociological Research on Fart" that he chose this topic because he accidentally saw two stories about fart on the Internet. In both stories, the protagonist changed his life track because of a fart, which triggered Gao Jianwei’s thinking.

  Gao Jianwei believes that "fart" is not only a physiological phenomenon, but also a social phenomenon, which has various correspondences with social relations. Through the study of a large number of historical materials, he pointed out that fart exists as a social taboo in both western culture and eastern culture. This taboo not only spreads in all aspects of our daily life, but also widely exists in the superstructure fields such as education, manners and customs, habits, morality and even law.

  Gao Jianwei deeply analyzed how fart behavior and phenomenon changed from a physiological behavior to a social taboo from the perspective of social genetics, and revealed the complex mechanism of this operation process. In the process of social development, fart has evolved from indiscriminate human behavior to behavior that occurs more frequently among some social members, and then to negative behavior in moral evaluation, and finally evolved into a form of social taboo.

  The paper mentions that in the early stage of human beings, division of labor and class have not yet appeared, and fart behavior is primitive human beings &mdash; &mdash; That is, the most frequent and common physiological phenomenon of our ancestors. With the development of productive forces, social relations have changed, and the diet types and habits of the rich have changed, and they no longer fart frequently. At this point, the human fart experience has completed the first historic change, that is, from a common physiological phenomenon of human beings to a behavior that occurs more frequently and more commonly among some members of society (more poor people).

  Through this transformation, fart behavior has gained some social significance, reflecting the fact that the upper and lower classes coexist and oppose each other. In order to maintain its dominant position, the upper class not only establishes an absolute control position in the political, economic and cultural fields, but also strives to "shape" the social state that adapts to its dominant position. Distinguish the upper and lower classes by etiquette, self-cultivation and taste. The upper class is often considered polite, while the members of the lower class are ordinary, vulgar and even despicable. In this context, farting is labeled as a negative moral label. Under the power of discipline, "fart" has changed from a negative social behavior defined by the upper class to a social taboo, and has been recognized and obeyed by all members of society.

  He believes that this genetic process comes from the strange characteristics of power operation, namely, duality, dependence and publicity. Then it discusses the fart behavior and phenomenon of "no taboo", and thinks that this phenomenon essentially reflects the taboo existing form of fart behavior and phenomenon, and is related to the strange characteristics of power operation.

  The Paper noted that this is not the first time that this paper has been concerned by netizens. In 2015, Beijing Evening News reported on this matter. Li Yaxiong, Gao Jianwei’s tutor and professor of Huazhong Normal University, was quite appreciative of the paper when interviewed.

  According to his memory, when the paper was opened, the teachers all laughed at the first sight of the topic, but after the "laugh", everyone quickly discussed its academic value from a professional point of view, not simply talking about the matter, but using sociological theory for analysis. Li Yaxiong told the Beijing Evening News reporter at that time that Gao Jianwei’s research found a new way. In the case of repeated research, it was "precious" and teachers generally supported it.

  "The defense effect is also very good, and it has also been rated as excellent. He (Gao Jianwei) has a good writing style and clear thinking. " Li Yaxiong said that because it is not convenient to do actual investigation, Gao Jianwei presented the genesis of fart, its vertical development in different times and the social meaning behind it through literature analysis and quotations. "I welcome this topic that comes from life and has humanistic care."

  In this regard, The Paper recently contacted Professor Li Yaxiong several times for an interview, but the other party declined on the grounds of being away on business.

  College teachers: With a correct attitude, no matter how strange the topic is, it can become a classic.

  In fact, in recent years, many papers have attracted public attention because of their unique topics. Previously, papers such as "The Utopian Cat: The Identity and Fantasy of Cats Fans" and "The Influence of Illicium verum on the Volatile Flavor of Braised Chicken and Its Mechanism" have caused heated discussions.

  "This is a question of diversification of topics, which I think is a good thing." Rui Liu, tutor of master students in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that the development of disciplines is characterized by "specialization" and "cross-integration", and "many problems that we didn’t think could be studied before have emerged now". "Personally, I think it is necessary to study such different problems, which can cover many blind spots of previous knowledge and inspire the society." Rui Liu said in an interview with The Paper recently.

  In this regard, Zhou Tingting, an associate professor at the School of Journalism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that college students are active in thinking or familiar with new media, so they can really pay attention to some new phenomena. "Many phenomena can be used as the research topics of our thesis, but we should find an in-depth observation angle based on the discipline, not just describe &lsquo; Phenomenon &rsquo; It is meaningless to do a simple analysis. " Zhou Tingting said.

  Tan Songhua, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee, said that he had not read the above papers and could not comment on them. "How to write a graduation thesis, it is difficult to have a unified statement. Students with different majors, hobbies and energies have different factors to consider when choosing a topic. " Tan Songhua said that as far as he guides graduate students, the practical significance is more important when choosing the topic of the thesis, for example, it can promote the development, reform and social progress of the country.

  For more and more "unique topics", Zheng Zuoyu, a professor at the School of Sociology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said that "there is nothing wrong with it". "Academic research should have cared about your life and the society you live in. Now that the era in which students live is full of these phenomena, it is natural to study these phenomena. " According to Zheng Zuoyu, the question is not whether the research topic is "innovative" or "serious", but whether the research attitude is correct.

  Zheng Zuoyu said that individual students "lead a muddled life" and "choose the most mindless topic" when writing their papers. "Such a topic, even if it sounds tall, is actually vague." Zheng Zuoyu said that attitude is more important for writing papers.

  "When I take part in the insurance research interview, I will ask students what fields they are interested in and have studied." Zheng Zuoyu found that most students from rural areas would say "I want to do rural research", or most female students would say "I want to do gender research". "But not many of these students have really studied the relevant knowledge. They just think that because of their identity, they can make some sense at worst. " Zheng Zuoyu believes that in this case, even if the topic is tall, the attitude is not correct, and it is "no use"; On the contrary, if the academic attitude is correct, the topic "No matter how bizarre it is" can also be described as a classic.

  What do students think about the topic of the thesis? Li Yong (pseudonym), a graduate student in a university in Hunan, told The Paper that according to his observation, the source of the topic mainly has three parts, one is the combination of previous practical activities, the other is the combination of interests, and the third is from the tutor. "I prefer topics that I am interested in, and at the same time consider the significance of research, so I am motivated to write." Li Yong believes that interest is a good entry point. "When the school informs you to write a paper, you often feel confused and then choose a familiar field." (The Paper reporter He Liquan intern Hu Tianyi)