In recent years, the Ministry of Public Security has focused on the telecom network fraud that people hate, comprehensively strengthened the construction of "four specialties and two synergies", and organized public security organs across the country to further promote the prevention and control work with unprecedented efforts and measures, effectively curbing the rapid rise of cases and effectively safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people. At present, the crime situation of telecommunication network fraud is still grim, with 10 common fraud types accounting for nearly 80%, such as billing rebate, false network investment and wealth management, false network loan, impersonating e-commerce logistics customer service, impersonating public security law and false credit reporting, among which billing rebate fraud has the highest incidence rate, accounting for about one third of the cases, and false network investment and wealth management fraud has the largest amount of losses, accounting for about one third of the losses.

Brush-off rebate fraud

Online rebate fraud has gradually evolved into a major type of fraud with the largest variety and the fastest change. It has become the main drainage method for other complex frauds such as false investment and wealth management, loans, and other illegal crimes such as online gambling and online pornography. Major cases of being defrauded of more than one million yuan have occurred from time to time. Most of the deceived people are school students, low-income groups and unemployed people.

[Typical Case 1] Shao saw the message of "free gift, praise comments and commission return" and the QR code in the WeChat group, scanned the code, contacted the customer service and downloaded an APP as required, and then did the brushing task under the guidance of the receptionist in the APP. After completing five small tasks, I received the corresponding commission, and all of them can be withdrawn to the bank card. Shao Mou started to subscribe for a larger portfolio task list, and invested a total principal of 110,000 yuan. However, after completing the task as required, it was found that it was impossible to withdraw cash. The APP "receptionist" said that Shao’s operation error caused a "card slip" and he had to do another compound task to withdraw cash. Shao only found out that he was cheated at this time.

False network investment and wealth management fraud

In such cases, some fraudsters drag the victims into the so-called "investment" group chat in various ways, and then pretend to be investment tutors and financial advisers to send false news of investment success or "live classes" to defraud the victims’ trust; Some determine the marriage relationship with the victim through the dating platform, and then defraud the victim’s trust on the grounds of having special resources and loopholes in the platform to obtain high financial returns. Subsequently, the fraudsters induced the victim to open an account on the false investment platform to invest, and gave the victim a rebate for the small investment in the early stage. Once the victim increased the capital investment, it would be impossible to withdraw cash. Most of the deceived people are single people with certain income and assets or groups keen on investing and stock trading.

[Typical Case 2] While watching the live broadcast of stock trading knowledge on a live broadcast platform, Yu received Friend Request, who claimed to be the anchor. After a private chat, the two sides added QQ friends, and the other party will pull into an investment exchange group in a certain place. When Yu saw other people investing in an APP in the group, he downloaded the APP and made investment operations in the APP according to the instructions of the group administrator. The small-scale experiments were successful and successfully cashed out. When Yu felt profitable, he invested a total of 3.47 million yuan in the APP. Until the end of the month, Yu found that the balance in the APP could not be withdrawn and was blacked out by the other party, only to find that he was cheated.

False online loan fraud

Fraudsters post advertising information on handling loans, credit cards and cash withdrawals through online media, telephone calls, text messages, social tools, etc., and then pretend to be employees of banks and financial companies to contact the victims, falsely claiming that they can "mortgage-free", "exempt letters" and "lend quickly" to trick the victims into downloading fake loan apps or logging on fake websites. Then, on the grounds of collecting "handling fee", "deposit" and "agency fee", the victim is tricked into transferring money and remittance. After receiving the victim’s transfer, the fraudster closes the fake APP or fake website and blackes out the victim. Most of the deceived people are people who have urgent loan needs and are in urgent need of money turnover.

[Typical Case 3] Fan received a call claiming to be the customer service of a financial platform and asked if there was a loan demand. Because Fan just needed capital turnover, he added a WeChat friend of the other company and downloaded a "loan" APP. After Fan APPlied for a loan on the app, the other party asked him to transfer money on the grounds of paying membership fees, unfreezing money, and proving repayment ability. After Fan transferred 137,000 yuan to the other party, the other party still said that the loan conditions were not met and he could not lend, and then he lost contact. Fan found that the downloaded APP could not log in, only to find that he was cheated.

Pretending to be an e-commerce logistics customer service fraud

Fraudsters pretend to be e-commerce platforms or customer service of logistics express companies, falsely claiming that the goods purchased online by the victims have quality problems or the goods sold have been taken off the shelves due to violations, and inducing the victims to provide information such as bank cards and mobile phone verification codes on the grounds that they need to pay for "claim refund" or "reactivate the store", and guiding the victims to transfer money and remit money through screen sharing or requesting to download designated apps. Most of the deceived people are consumers who often shop online on e-commerce platforms or shop operators of e-commerce platforms.

[Typical Case 4] Du Mou received a call claiming to be "customer service" of an online shop, saying that the hair dye he bought a few days ago had quality problems, and now he needs to make a refund to Du Mou, and Du Mou believes it. The "customer service" induced Du to download an APP, through which he opened the screen sharing function of the mobile phone and followed the instructions. Subsequently, Du’s mobile phone received a text message that the bank card was transferred to 20,000 yuan, only to find that it was cheated.

Pretending to be a public security fraud

The fraudsters obtained the victim’s personal identity information through illegal channels, then pretended to be the staff of the public security organs, contacted the victim by telephone, WeChat, QQ, etc., threatened and intimidated the victim on the grounds that he was suspected of money laundering, illegal entry and exit, possession of drugs by express delivery, passport problems and other illegal crimes, demanded to cooperate with the investigation and keep it strictly confidential, and showed the victim false legal documents such as "arrest warrant", "wanted order" and "property freezing book" to increase credibility. At the same time, the victim is required to go to a closed space such as a hotel, "cooperate" with his work under the condition of blocking contact with the outside world, and transfer the funds to a "safe account" to commit fraud.

[Typical Case 5] Yang received a phone call claiming to be a policeman of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, claiming that a bank account under Yang’s name was suspected of illegal money laundering and asked him to go to Shanghai Public Security Bureau for handling. Yang said that he couldn’t go. The other party asked him to add QQ friends and sent a file showing Yang’s photos, which contained content such as being sentenced for money laundering. Yang was afraid. Subsequently, the other party asked Yang to cooperate with the investigation in the unoccupied room on the grounds of involving police secrets, and said that if Yang wanted to remove the suspect, he needed to transfer all the money in the card to a "safe account", and the money would be returned after the case was found out. Yang then transferred 50,000 yuan to the bank account provided by the other party. Later, due to the request of the other party to delete all chat records, Yang discovered that he was cheated.

False credit fraud

Fraudsters pretend to be banks, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission staff or online loan platform staff to establish contact with the victims, falsely claiming that the accounts previously opened by the victims through campus loans, student loans, etc. have not been cancelled in time, and the relevant accounts need to be cancelled; Or lie that the victim’s credit payment tools such as credit cards, flower beds, and borrowing beds have bad records, and it is necessary to eliminate relevant records, otherwise personal credit information will be seriously affected. Subsequently, on the grounds of eliminating bad credit records and verifying running water, fraudsters induced victims to make loans on online loan platforms or Internet finance apps, and transferred the money to their designated accounts, thus committing fraud.

[Typical Case 6] Wang received a phone call from a staff member who claimed to handle high-interest loans in China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. The other party said that Wang had a bad record caused by loans overdue, which would affect his personal credit information. After some communication, Wang believed the identity of the other party and transferred money to three different accounts of the so-called "China China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission Certified Docking Account" three times, totaling 250,000 yuan, of which 230,000 yuan was the money borrowed by Wang from three financial platforms. "What other bank cards and loan apps have you used?" When the other party repeatedly asked this question, Wang just woke up and realized that he had been cheated.

False shopping and service fraud

The fraudsters posted advertisements such as "low price discount", "overseas purchasing" and "shopping in 0 yuan" on WeChat group, friends circle, online shopping platform or other websites, or provided advertisements of special services such as "writing papers", "private detectives" and "tracking and positioning" to attract the attention of victims. After getting in touch with the victim, the fraudster induced him to add friends through WeChat, QQ or other social software for discussion, and asked for private transfer on the grounds that private transactions could save "handling fees" or be more convenient. After the victim pays, the fraudster will trick the victim into continuing to transfer money and remit money on the grounds of paying customs duties, deposits, transaction taxes and handling fees, and then blacken the victim afterwards.

[Typical Case 7] Li saw an advertisement for selling a valuable liquor on the Internet, so he added the details as a WeChat friend according to the contact information left by the other party. The other party claims to be a factory direct seller, and can provide internal prices, but it needs to be traded privately. After agreeing on the price, Li transferred 11,000 yuan to his account. A few days later, when Li asked the other party for logistics distribution information, he found that he was blacked out and found that he was cheated. In order to find a liar, Li added a self-proclaimed private detective as a friend after searching for a private detective on the Internet. The other party said that he could find someone for Li through his mobile phone, but he had to pay 10,000 yuan of labor fee first. After transferring 10,000 yuan to the account provided by the other party, Li found that he was blacked out again and was deceived twice.

Pretending to be a leader and being familiar with human fraud

Fraudsters use the photos and names of the victim’s leaders, acquaintances or children’s teachers to "package" social accounts, add the victim as a "fake" friend, or pull it into WeChat chat groups. Subsequently, the fraudsters expressed concern for the victims as leaders and acquaintances, or imitated the tone of leaders, teachers and others to defraud the victims. Then ask the victim to transfer money to the designated account on the grounds that it is inconvenient to come forward and answer the phone, and constantly urge the victim to transfer money as soon as possible on the pretext of time constraints, thus implementing fraud.

[Typical Case 8] Li’s QQ account was pulled into a work group by fraudsters, and the names of the members in the group were all staff members of the company, so it was not verified again. A few days later, Li received a group message: the "general manager" pretending to be a liar said that he needed to pay the other party’s project money and asked Li to check how much money was left in the company account. After Li checked the funds in the company’s account, the "general manager" impersonated by the liar asked Li to transfer all the funds in the account to the other party’s designated account, and urged Li to transfer money quickly on the grounds of urgency. For fear of offending the "leader", Li transferred all 400,000 yuan from the company’s account. After the general manager of the company received a short message from the bank, Li found out that he was cheated.

Fraudulent trading of online game products

Fraudsters publish advertisements for buying and selling online game accounts, props and cards on social and game platforms, or get game props for free and at low prices, participate in lottery activities and other related information. After the victim actively contacts with him, the fraudster induces the victim to bypass the formal platform and conduct private transactions with him on the grounds that private transactions are cheaper and more convenient; Or ask the victim to add a so-called customer service account to participate in the lucky draw, and ask the victim to pay "registration fee", "unfreezing fee" and "membership fee" on the grounds of operational mistakes and insufficient grades, and then the victim will be blacked out after success.

[Typical Case 9] When playing a game, Shen saw a message in the game chat box "Join the group and get game props for free". After applying for joining the group, a person with the net name "dispatcher" told Shen that he could get a lot of game benefits by scanning the QR code in the group. After Shen used WeChat to scan the QR code and fill in the relevant information, the webpage suddenly showed that WeChat would be frozen, and Shen contacted the "dispatcher". The other party said that Shen had improperly operated and pushed a person named "Handler" to him. The "processor" said that it is necessary to prove that WeChat is my use through transfer, and all funds will be refunded after verification. At the request of the other party, Shen transferred 18,000 yuan to the designated account, only to be found cheated after being blacked out by the other party.

Marriage and dating fraud

Fraudsters collect a large number of self-portraits and life photos of "Bai Fumei" and "Gao Fushuai" through the Internet, create different identity images according to the scripts, and then publish personal information on dating websites. After establishing contact with the victim through social software, fraudsters use photos and pre-designed false identities to defraud the victim’s trust, and operate the love relationship with the victim for a long time. Subsequently, the fraudsters demanded money from the victims on the grounds that they were in urgent need of money and helped the fund turnover of the project, and constantly changed their reasons to ask them to transfer money according to the financial situation of the victims until the victims found out that they were cheated.

[Typical Case 10] Ms. Xie met a "foreign soldier" on the Internet. The other party claimed to be a military doctor stationed in a certain country and liked China culture very much. She hoped to settle in China in the future. In the process of chatting with this "soldier", Ms. Xie was gradually moved by the elegant conversation and daily concern of the other party, and confirmed the love relationship with the other party without meeting each other. "Soldier" said that he would transfer all his property to China so that he could live with Ms. Xie, but because she was intercepted by the customs, she needed Ms. Xie’s help to pay a fee to get through. Ms. Xie transferred 50,000 yuan to the account provided by her, and then transferred more than 400,000 yuan to the bank account provided by the other party because of the need to pay "thawing fee" and "handling fee", until she was blacked out by the other party, and Ms. Xie found out that she was cheated.

　　In September this year, Chongqing will put into use the "smart elevator" system and equip the elevator with a "brain". This system can realize uninterrupted automatic monitoring of elevator status, accident early warning and data tracing, making elevators safer and wiser.

　　It is worth noting that some places have written smart elevator systems into local laws and regulations. For example, "Huai ‘an Residential Elevator Safety Regulations" requires that newly installed residential elevators should have functions such as operation parameter collection, information network transmission, automatic alarm, real-time call and video monitoring system.

　　In recent years, in order to reduce the occurrence of elevator safety accidents, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Liaoning, Guizhou and other places have standardized the elevator safety management from the aspects of elevator production and operation, use management, maintenance, inspection and safety evaluation, supervision and service, emergency rescue, legal responsibility and so on.

　　A number of people in the industry recently suggested in an interview with the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that on the basis of summing up local legislative experience, the relevant provisions in the Law on Safety of Special Equipment should be improved, and the product quality and related subject responsibilities of elevators should be clearly defined, so as to provide a strong legal guarantee for dealing with the sharp increase in the total number of elevators, the frequent occurrence of elevator accidents, the increase in the complaint rate of elevator failures and other issues, so that elevators, as a daily facility, will no longer be a dangerous place.

　　Elevator accidents show a trend of multiple occurrences.

　　Trapped, rushing to the top, falling … … Recently, elevator failures and accidents have occurred in many places, making the topic of elevator safety once again enter the public eye.

　　On the evening of May 3, a 13-year-old boy from Lanwan Yajing Community in Fuzhou, Fujian Province had an accident due to elevator failure. On the evening of May 23, an elevator safety accident occurred in Ankang Golden Bay Phase II Community, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. The elevator accelerated from the first floor and crashed into the 30th floor, resulting in one unfortunate death.

　　Many elevator safety accidents have made Liu Fengyuan afraid to take the elevator that has broken down many times in the community. Liu Fengyuan, who lives in the Ideal City Community of Handan City, Hebei Province, has been trapped in the elevator three times. Once the elevator fell from the third floor to the negative floor, and the distress button in the elevator didn’t work at all. Without his mobile phone, he had to beat the elevator door hard, which attracted other residents to call for help.

　　"The elevator in our building is often broken, and people are often trapped. Every time it is repaired and then broken, my 5-year-old child is trapped inside. Especially from the news, we saw the elevator safety accident that happened some time ago. We are afraid to take that elevator now. " Liu Fengyuan said.

　　At present, China’s elevator ownership and annual sales volume rank first in the world, and elevator accidents are frequent. According to the Notice of the State Administration of Market Supervision on the National Special Equipment Safety in 2020, by the end of 2020, there were 7,865,500 elevators nationwide. In 2020, there were 25 elevator accidents and 19 deaths in China.

　　Huang Lianxi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and partner of Zhejiang Tiance Law Firm, bluntly said that after years of development, China has become a big country in elevator production and sales. However, from the perspective of users’ objective experience, there are some problems in the elevator industry, such as the quality needs to be improved, the maintenance ratio of elevator manufacturers is not high, and the product quality responsibility is not implemented.

　　Legislation in many places to ensure the safety of taking the ladder

　　In the face of many problems brought by the rapid growth of elevators year by year, many places in the country have introduced special legislation to regulate them. According to the reporter’s incomplete statistics, there are currently 46 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and cities with districts that legislate for elevator safety.

　　Although these local laws and regulations differ in the number of chapters, they basically cover production and operation, use, maintenance, inspection and testing, supervision and management, emergency response, legal responsibility and so on.

　　Especially in strengthening the implementation of the main responsibility, all localities have made relatively clear provisions.

　　"Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Liaoning Province" requires that the market supervision and management departments and other departments with elevator safety management responsibilities should formulate elevator safety supervision and inspection plans and related measures, conduct regular inspections or spot checks on elevator safety according to their division of responsibilities, and timely put forward rectification and handling opinions and carry out rectification supervision on the illegal and illegal problems and hidden dangers; Major violations of laws and regulations and serious accidents, should immediately take compulsory measures according to law and report to the government at the same level and the higher supervision and management departments.

　　"Heilongjiang Province Elevator Safety Regulations" stipulates that the elevator maintenance unit, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, fails to set up a 24-hour on-duty telephone, fails to eliminate it in time after receiving the fault notice, or fails to arrive at the scene to carry out rescue according to the prescribed time limit after receiving the elevator trouble report, and is fined 20,000 yuan.

　　In April this year, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province revised the Regulations on Elevator Safety in Nanjing City, which has been implemented for nearly 10 years, aiming at clarifying the responsibilities of manufacturing enterprises, industry committees, users and maintenance units, and solving the problem that elevator safety involves long chains and many subjects.

　　"Elevator safety is directly related to the personal safety of the people. The elevator should be regarded as a mass public vehicle and should be positioned as a mass public product. Through legislation, the competent authorities of the industry will be clarified, and production enterprises will be guided, guided, managed and standardized to build a quality assurance system for elevator products, so as to ensure the quality of elevator products from the source. " Huang Lianxi said.

　　Li Zhiqiang, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, believes that the supervision mode should be changed from departmental supervision to pluralistic co-governance. Elevator safety is a part of social management, involving multiple responsible subjects and multi-departmental functions. It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of all links, relevant units and personnel in the whole life cycle of elevators from selection and procurement to scrapping and updating, and to establish a new supervision mechanism in which local governments take the main responsibility for supervision, quality inspection, safety supervision, housing construction, finance, insurance supervision and other departments work together and coordinate.

　　Promote the construction of smart elevator system

　　The Law on Safety of Special Equipment, which came into effect on January 1, 2014, puts forward the general requirements for safety supervision of several types of special equipment, including elevators, and provides a strong legal guarantee for elevator safety.

　　Liu Junhai, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, believes that elevators, as a kind of special equipment that is most closely related to people’s lives, are quite different in terms of safety requirements, supervision methods and emergency handling, and need special regulations to regulate and ensure their safe use.

　　"In recent years, the total number of elevators in China has increased dramatically, and elevator safety accidents have occurred frequently. Elevator safety issues have become more and more important. At present, many places have responded to people’s needs through legislation. It is suggested to summarize the legislative experience of these places, and at the same time find out the causes and countermeasures of elevator safety accidents, and then improve the special equipment safety law to realize the source of elevator safety hazards. Governance. " Liu Junhai said.

　　Liu Junhai believes that the Special Equipment Safety Law has been implemented for more than seven years. With the rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, it is suggested that advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of Things should be introduced into elevator safety management, and a more intelligent elevator early warning and alarm mechanism should be clearly established through legislation.

　　The reporter noted that some local legislation explicitly proposed the establishment of a smart elevator system. The Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Hangzhou proposes to popularize the use of intelligent elevator system, find hidden dangers of elevator safety accidents in time, and comprehensively evaluate elevator operation status according to recorded data to improve elevator safety management level. "Regulations on Elevator Safety Management in Bengbu City" requires that the construction of smart elevator system should be promoted, and a smart elevator system with the functions of operation parameter collection, network remote transmission, one-button alarm, intelligent rescue and dynamic supervision should be gradually established.

　　Huang Lianxi said that through legislation, the application of information technology such as big data and Internet of Things will be strengthened, so that elevator equipment can form intelligent terminals and solve elevator safety problems. (Reporter Pu Xiaolei, Du Xiaotong)