Nowadays, there is nothing that hot pot can’t fix. If one meal can’t be done, then have another one. Visible hot pot charm. In fact, in ancient times, hot pot was already a well-known "palace dish". The members of the royal family, Zhong Qianlong and Cixi, were enthusiastic fans of hot pot, and the royal banquet guests also liked to eat hot pot. When Emperor Jiaqing ascended the throne, he held a "thousand banquets". According to statistics, 1550 hot pots were used at that time, which was called the biggest hot pot banquet in history.

People in the Han Dynasty were so particular about eating hot pot.

In the Song Dynasty, hot pot has become a popular food. At that time, there was a custom of "warm winter" among the people, and a "heater meeting" was held on the first day of October every year. Meng Yuan’s "Dream of Tokyo" contains: "In October, there will be charcoal in the stove, and people will buy wine for the stove party." On this day, every family will celebrate around their own stove, or have a barbecue or a hot pot.

However, in the Western Han Dynasty, people began to use "dyeing cups" and "dyeing stoves", that is, small hot pots used by single people in ancient times. Obviously, "dyeing cup" and "dyeing furnace" are the embryonic forms of contemporary hot pot utensils.

Bronze Wending (Western Han Dynasty) Unearthed from Liu He’s Tomb

It is recorded in Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals that "dyed soy sauce is also available" and "dyed cup" is mainly filled with sauces and salts. The stove under the copper dyeing machine is used to heat the sauce.

Ancient dyeing furnace

Because hot pot was only eaten by aristocrats at that time, "dyeing furnace" was very popular among aristocrats. Some of them were a combination of furnace and cup, and it was important to add a tray under the dyeing furnace to receive the ashes of charcoal fire.

For example, a set of dyeing stoves excavated in the tomb of Liu He, a sea faint, consists of three parts: ear cups, charcoal stoves and chassis, which are exquisitely made and very particular.

In the Han Dynasty, there were all kinds of hot pot utensils. From the material point of view, there were not only bronze hot pot, iron hot pot and pottery hot pot, but also Yuanyang pot, which was used to cook different dishes.

It is said that Liu Fei, the king of Jiangdu in the Western Han Dynasty, loved hot pot very much, and what he ate was a "griddle ding" similar to a mandarin duck pot. However, the closest thing to the current Yuanyang pot is the "five-cooked kettle" used by the people in the Three Kingdoms period, which has five compartments, which are similar to the current Yuanyang pot, and five flavors can be simultaneously transferred in the five compartments to facilitate eating.

Winter in Qing dynasty

It must smell of hot pot.

Hot pot with a history of 1900 years became popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At that time, there were not only hot pot dishes such as "raw mutton" and "cooked beef", but also the craft of making utensils was more elaborate. Eating hot pot was very popular in Qing dynasty, which was an indispensable delicacy in winter court, and the tableware of hot pot was also dazzling.

In Yuan Mei’s explosive cookbook Suiyuan Food List, it is also mentioned that "in winter, guests are accustomed to hot pot", and the nobles of the palace are also very fond of hot pot. The degree of love of hot pot by Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi mentioned at the beginning of the article promoted the diversification of hot pot in Qing Dynasty.

Diamond fancy hotpot with cloisonne enamel pattern (late Qing Dynasty)

Hua Enamel Flower Wen Xi Zi Hotpot (Qing) Collected by the Palace Museum

Yinshouzi hot pot is said to be a favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi.

It is reported that Ganlong has visited Jiangnan many times, and every time he goes, he has hot pot. According to the Collection of Archives and Historical Materials of Qing Dynasty, on the 10th day of the first month of the forty-eighth year of Qianlong, Qianlong held a 530-table palace hot pot banquet, with "two hot pots per table".

Jin Yi’s "Maid-in-waiting Talk to Record" records: "Every winter, we have to eat hot pot for three months in the palace. From October 15th of the lunar calendar, hot pot will be added to every meal. The pot will not be removed until the sixteenth day of the first month of the following year. "

Cixi is even more creative in eating hot pot. She created a chrysanthemum hot pot-the bottom of the pot is chicken juice or broth. When boiling, she put in a few slices of raw chicken and fish fillets, and covered the pot to stew for a while. Open the lid again and put in the carefully treated Jin Ju petals. This chrysanthemum hot pot later became a famous court dish.

Nowadays, hot pots have spread all over the streets, whether it’s a spicy hot pot full of spicy flavor or a sour soup hot pot full of fragrance, it’s only a "happy" when you go down. Winter has arrived, eating hot pot is just the time, about three or five friends or a family get together and sit around. Talk about the history of hot pot while eating it. After all, people are 1900 years old.

It’s time to play the sideline ~

Write | Jane

Today, with the increasing popularity of digital life, WeChat, as an indispensable social tool in people’s daily life, is expanding its functions and services. Among them, the concept of "WeChat member" is often mentioned, but many users don’t understand its opening method. This article will analyze in detail how to open WeChat members to help everyone better enjoy the value-added services provided by WeChat.

* * First, get to know WeChat members * *

First of all, it needs to be clear that WeChat itself does not have a direct "membership" system, but some services within WeChat, such as WeChat reading and WeChat video number, will provide membership services. These membership services usually include advertising, exclusive content, priority experience and other functions. Therefore, when discussing how to open WeChat members, we actually mean how to open members of these specific services.

* * Second, open WeChat reading members * *

1. Open the WeChat reading application and enter the "My" page.

2. On the "My" page, find and click the "Open Member" option.

3. Choose your favorite membership package, such as monthly, quarterly or annual membership, and complete the payment.

4. After the payment is successful, you can enjoy the privileges of WeChat reading members.

* * Third, open the WeChat video number member * *

1. Open the WeChat video number and enter the anchor or creator page where you want to open a member.

2. On the anchor or creator page, find and click "Open Member" or similar button.

3. According to the prompts on the page, choose the appropriate membership level and complete the payment.

4. After becoming a member, you can watch exclusive content and enjoy live discounts.

* * IV. Precautions * *

1. Please read the terms of service and privacy policy carefully before opening the membership to ensure that your rights and interests are not infringed.

2. The membership service may change due to version update or policy adjustment. Please refer to the information officially released by WeChat.

Through the above steps, users can easily open various membership services in WeChat and enjoy a richer digital life experience.

　　On Wednesday, local time, the US stock market ended its previous continuous rebound trend, with the three major indexes all falling more than 1%, and the Nasdaq index stopped rising for seven consecutive days. Economic data show that inflation in the United States is indeed falling, but the fear of recession is endless, and the wave of layoffs of large technology companies continues, and the expectation that the US economy will enter recession is getting stronger and stronger.

　　Specifically, the PPI in December increased by 6.2% year-on-year, the smallest increase since March 2021 and -0.5% quarter-on-quarter, the largest decline since April 2020, indicating that inflation is accelerating. At the same time, retail sales in the United States fell more than expected in December, down 1.1% from the previous month, the biggest drop in a year.

　　The data shows that inflation is indeed easing, but it also proves that the Fed’s interest rate hike is already taking effect, and curbing demand also casts a shadow over the US economic outlook.

　　Analysts pointed out that the economic data is good news for the Fed, and the slowdown in demand and producer inflation at the end of the year is a positive sign, indicating that the Fed’s aggressive interest rate hike policy has produced practical results in fighting inflation. However, the market is far from reflecting the coming recession, and it is currently in the transition period between the bear market driven by interest rates in 2022 and the bear market driven by poor corporate profitability in 2023.

　　Overnight, a number of Fed officials put on hawks again, stressing that further interest rate hikes are still needed, and the market may gradually switch to a recession trading style.

　　In important news, according to Xinhua News Agency, on the morning of January 18th, Vice Premier the State Council and Chinese leader of China-US Comprehensive Economic Dialogue Liu He held a half-day meeting with US Treasury Secretary Yellen in Zurich, Switzerland. The two sides conducted professional, in-depth, frank and pragmatic exchanges on the global and two countries’ macroeconomic and financial situation and coping with global common challenges around the implementation of the important consensus of the first meeting between China and the United States in Bali. The talks were constructive.

　　In other news, Federal Reserve Chairman Powell tested positive for COVID-19 on Wednesday, and his symptoms are mild. He has been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine and booster shots. Powell is currently isolated at home and telecommuting.

　　Microsoft will lay off 10,000 people by the end of the third quarter of fiscal year 2023. Amazon laid off 18,000 people from Wednesday, the largest in the company’s history. Bank of America plans to freeze most recruitment plans. Apple will expand its smart home product line and challenge Amazon and Google.

　　[overnight U.S. stocks]

　　Among the large Chinese stocks, Alibaba fell by 1.71%, Baidu by 3.60%, Netease by 0.63%, Tencent Music by 2.65% and Pinduoduo by 5.59%.

　　Among the large American technology stocks, Apple fell 0.54%, Amazon fell 0.61%, Google A fell 0.19%, and Nye soared 0.03%.

　　[global index]

　　[global goods]

　　The main contract of WTI crude oil closed at $79.41 per barrel, down 1.29%; The main contract of Brent crude oil closed at $84.64 per barrel, down 1.49%; The main contract of crude oil in the previous period closed at 554.40 yuan per barrel overnight, down 0.79%.

　　Overnight, the Shanghai gold main contract closed down 0.26% to 418.34 yuan per gram; The main contract of Shanghai Bank closed down 1.87% to 5208.00 yuan per kilogram.

　　[overnight news]

　　Liu He talks with US Treasury Secretary Yellen. China welcomes Finance Minister Yellen to visit China at an appropriate time this year.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, the two sides believe that the world economic recovery is at a critical moment, and it is beneficial for China and the United States and the whole world to strengthen macro-policy communication and coordination and jointly meet challenges in economic and financial fields. The two sides discussed issues related to deepening cooperation in the macroeconomic and financial fields. The two sides recognized the importance of sustainable financial cooperation and agreed to strengthen cooperation under bilateral and multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations, G20 and APEC. The two sides agreed to continue to support green and low-carbon development and economic transformation in emerging markets and developing countries. China expressed its concern about the US economic, trade and technical policies towards China, and hoped that the US would pay attention to the impact of these policies on both sides.

　　Inflation in the United States accelerated and fell. In December, PPI hit its smallest increase since March 2021.

　　The PPI (producer price index) of the United States increased by 6.2% year-on-year in December, the smallest increase since March 2021, slower than the 7.4% in November and lower than the market expectation of 6.8%. In December, the PPI fell to -0.5% month-on-month, lower than the revised November data and lower than the market expectation of 0.1%, the biggest drop since April 2020. In December, the core PPI increased by 5.5% year-on-year, and it was 6.2% in November. The market expected 5.6%. The core PPI increased by 0.1% month-on-month, in line with expectations, lower than the 0.2% in November. The decline in PPI in December was driven by the sharp drop in commodity prices, especially energy and food prices, and the increase in service costs declined, up 0.1% from the previous month.

　　Federal Reserve’s Beige Book: There was little growth in economic activity at the end of 2022, and the price increase in 2023 is expected to be moderate.

　　According to the Beige Book, the economic activities of the Federal Reserve increased or declined slightly in most places, and only one Federal Reserve mentioned that the sharp decline in manufacturing led to the contraction of economic activities. Several local Federal Reserve said that the price increase slowed down, and retailers hinted that consumers were more sensitive to prices. It is widely expected that the price increase will be further moderate in the coming year. The job market is still tight, and the salary pressure continues to be high. Five local Federal Reserve Banks said that the pressure has slowed down to some extent.

　　A number of Fed officials delivered hawkish speeches.

　　In 2023, Logan, chairman of the FOMC voting committee and Dallas Fed, said that he supported the US to slow down the rate hike and the inflation level was too high, so it may be necessary to gradually raise interest rates until "convincing evidence" shows that the inflation rate is close to 2%. In 2023, the FOMC Voting Committee and Philadelphia Fed President Huck reiterated his support for raising interest rates by 25 basis points. He said that the Fed needs to raise interest rates above 5%. Cleveland Fed President Mester said that it is still necessary to raise interest rates further, and the policy interest rate should be "higher" than the range of 5%-5.25% predicted by policy makers at the end of 2023. St. Louis Fed President Brad said that even if inflation falls this year, the Fed will tend to keep interest rates at a high level to ensure that the task is completed and it can continue to shrink its balance sheet after stopping raising interest rates.

　　European natural gas stocks hit a record high

　　According to the data of European natural gas infrastructure, the inventory level of the whole EU has reached 81.07% of full load on January 17th, setting a new historical record, which is 40% higher than the average level in the last decade. Europe’s miraculous winter and record natural gas stocks have led the market to bet that the energy crisis is over.

　　[company news]

　　Microsoft officially announced that it will lay off 10 thousand employees, accounting for nearly 5% of the total number of employees

　　On Wednesday, Microsoft and Amazon launched tens of thousands of layoffs. Microsoft officially announced that it will lay off 10,000 employees by March 31st, accounting for less than 5% of the total number of employees. Microsoft will account for $1.2 billion in expenditure in the second quarter, which will reduce its earnings per share by 12 cents. Amazon’s latest round of layoffs also began on Wednesday, which is part of its more than 18,000 layoffs announced in early January.

　　More than 500 top advertisers have suspended their spending on Twitter since Musk entered Twitter.

　　According to media quoted sources, a senior manager of Twitter revealed at an internal meeting a few days ago that since Tesla CEO Musk took over Twitter in October last year, more than 500 advertisers have suspended spending on Twitter. Siddharth Rao, the manager, also told employees that the company’s daily revenue decreased by 40% compared with the same period last year.

　　Apple is said to expand its smart home product line to challenge Amazon and Google.

　　According to media quoted sources, Apple is developing a series of devices aimed at challenging Amazon and Google’s position in the smart home market, including new display screens and faster TV set-top boxes. Earlier, Apple relaunched a larger HomePod speaker.

　　Faraday will soar nearly 26% in the future.

　　Faraday Future (FF) closed up 25.71% on Wednesday, after the company announced that it had signed a strategic agreement with Huanggang, Hubei Province, to move its FF China headquarters to Huanggang.

　　[financial calendar]

Megan fox is expected to play "Poison Ivy"

Anne Hathaway used to beThe Dark Knight Rises.Play catwoman

1905 movie network news Warner Pictures is expanding the DC universe faster and faster, and several villains’ single films have been set up one after another, the most striking of which is Gotham City Sirens, which is jointly organized by david ayer and "Ugly Girl" Margot Elise Robbie. According to foreign media reports, megan fox and Anne Hathaway are expected to join the film, playing "Poison Ivy" and "Catwoman" respectively.

　

Gotham City Sirens is mainly based on the comic book of the same name published by DC in 2011, which tells the story of "clown girls" harley quinn and Poison Ivy, Catwoman — — Three female opponents who have been entangled with Batman for many years will team up to form the story of the strongest female villain group in the history of DC comics. Geneva Valet-Robinson, a big-budget female screenwriter, will write a script for the film.

　

Megan fox himself is a comic book fan. In 2014, he expressed his desire to play Poison Ivy or Sonia with red hair. Recently, careful fans found that megan fox ordered the 14th, 17th and 38th sentences of the cartoon Harry Quinn online and sent them to her address in Warner Studio. The first two sentences of these three cartoons tell the story of clown girl and Poison Ivy, while the third one tells the story of Poison Ivy and Gotham police.

　

Of course, buying cartoons may only be Fox’s private behavior, but buying cartoons with obvious directionality at this point in time can basically confirm that Megan Fox is the corner of Poison Ivy in Gotham City Sirens. David ayer, the director, also revealed in an interview that the three roles of clown, Poison Ivy and Catwoman will all appear in the film. Megan fox can be said to be a good choice for Poison Ivy, and he has had a lot of experience in large-scale productions.

　

As for who will play the role of Catwoman, there is also news. Anne Hathaway once played Catwoman in the film, which left a deep impression on the audience. After the film was released, Hathaway once said that she was open to re-playing Catwoman. In September this year, Hathaway once again revealed her love for Catwoman and Marvel Universe and her desire to return.

　

Let’s wait and see who will spend these two roles.

　　Farewell to "Top Flow" Shopping Mall

　　After more than 20 years of operation, () I finally chose to bid farewell to this "top flow" shopping mall in Beijing.

　　On February 14th, Wangfujing announced that the Lease Contract between Beijing Xinyansha Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary, and Beijing Century Jinyuan Shopping Center Management Co., Ltd. for the operating site of Beijing Jinyuan Xinyansha MALL will expire on March 31st, 2025.

　　After the expiration of the contract, that is, from April 1st, Beijing Jinyuan New Yansha MALL, Beijing Yansha Friendship Mall Jinyuan Store and Beijing Guiyou Building Jinyuan Store will stop operating.

　　At the same time, Beijing Century Jinyuan Shopping Center also announced that it will take over the new Yansha rental area from April 1. The shopping center will continue to operate normally at that time. At present, Century Jinyuan Shopping Center has completed the handover and signing with the cooperative brands in the venue.

　　Wangfujing has cooperated with Century Golden Resources for so long and chose to leave at this time. What kind of business considerations are hidden behind this?

　　Farewell to Century Jinyuan

　　Century Jinyuan Shopping Center, located at No.1 Yuanda Road, Haidian District, has been in operation for 20 years since its opening in 2004.

　　With a construction area of 680,000 ㎡, the project became the largest single commercial project in Asia in that year, filling the gap that there was no comprehensive shopping center in Jingxi at that time.

　　Century Jinyuan Shopping Center includes several main stores, including Jinyuan New Yansha Mall, Yansha Friendship Mall and Guiyou Building, as well as the home of home stores and the large-scale Lotus Supermarket.

　　Among them, the leased area of Jinyuan New Yansha MALL is 182,000 ㎡, including 42,000 ㎡ for Jinyuan Store of Yansha Friendship Mall and 13,000 ㎡ for Jinyuan Store of Guiyou Building. The whole project is operated and managed by Beijing Xinyansha Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wangfujing.

　　Relevant data show that Jinyuan New Yansha Mall achieved sales of 1.36 billion yuan in 2007, an increase of 223% compared with 2005, and the occupancy rate of shops reached 95%, making it profitable for the first time. And set a record of sales of 2.2 billion yuan, rent collection rate and rental rate of "double hundred" in 2023.

　　Not only that, Beijing Xinyansha Holdings is also one of the profitable subsidiaries of Wangfujing. The annual report shows that in 2023 and the first half of 2024, the company achieved net profit of 368 million yuan and 196 million yuan respectively.

　　Even so, Wangfujing abandoned Jinyuan New Yansha MALL and chose not to participate in the subsequent operation, striving to speed up the layout of new commercial tracks.

　　"The company is in the critical period of format iteration and the incubation period of new format development. The company will accelerate the iteration of format and store structure, optimize the development model and factor allocation, continuously improve the operation quality, deeply tap the market potential, and continuously renew its business content." Wangfujing said.

　　Of course, after the withdrawal of Wangfujing, the leased area of New Yansha will be fully taken over by Century Jinyuan.

　　It is reported that Century Jinyuan Shopping Center will start to carry out zoning transformation, and Section A of the west area of the project is the first phase transformation area, during which other areas will continue to operate. The project plans to build five cultural theme spaces: the city light, the Oriental Beauty School District, the city market, the impromptu time zone and the main road.

　　In this regard, industry analysts believe that the current Century Jinyuan Shopping Center has been slightly old, facing the pressure of customer loss. Through large-scale upgrading, we can introduce more new brands and formats in line with the current consumption trend to attract young people, thus enhancing our competitiveness in regional commerce.

　　Speed up the layout of duty-free business

　　While giving up Jinyuan New Yansha MALL, Wangfujing is also accelerating the layout of tax-free business.

　　On February 14th, the joint venture company jointly established by Wangfujing and () completed the establishment registration procedures. The company is used to operate the duty-free shops in Wuhan located in the shopping center of Wuhan International Plaza.

　　In fact, after obtaining the qualification of duty-free goods in June 2020, Wangfujing began to actively promote the landing of duty-free formats. At present, a number of duty-free projects have been laid out nationwide, including duty-free shops in outlying islands, port duty-free shops and city duty-free shops.

　　Among them, Wangfujing International Duty Free Port, the company’s first tax-free project for outlying islands, opened in January 2023; On January 24th, 2025, Wangfujing Duty Free Shop in Harbin Airport, the first port duty-free project operated by Wangfujing, was opened to the public.

　　The accelerated expansion of duty-free business is rapidly becoming a new growth point of Wangfujing’s performance. The financial report shows that in the first half of 2024, Wangfujing achieved a total revenue of 6.035 billion yuan. Among them, the tax-free business income was 172 million yuan, and the income increased by 121.17% compared with the same period.

　　Compared with the negative growth or slight growth of department stores, shopping centers, outlets and specialty store, Wangfujing’s duty-free business has full potential.

　　However, Wangfujing also admitted that the tax-free format of enterprises is still in its infancy, and due to factors such as business area, the income ratio is only 2.64%.

　　In the future, it is not known how much development space the duty-free business can bring to Wangfujing.

　　Cctv newsLadies and gentlemen, don’t be surprised. This is the year 2017— The sixth question of the fifth-grade mathematics examination paper for monitoring the teaching quality at the end of the 2018 school year (last). On January 26, this math test question was madly transmitted in the WeChat circle of friends of many netizens in Nanchong.

　　The students’ answers are varied.

　　Some students replied: "The captain of the ship is over 18 years old because minors can’t drive cargo ships"; Some students replied: "The captain of the ship is 36 years old because he is very narcissistic"; Some students solemnly replied: "It is not certain that the number of sheep and goats has nothing to do with the age of the captain, and it is impossible to find out the age of the captain."

　　Official response: Investigate students’ questioning consciousness and critical consciousness of mathematics problems.

　　On the 26th, the official WeChat of the Propaganda Department of Shunqing District Committee of Nanchong released the "Knowledge Test Site Description" of Shunqing District Education Teaching and Research Section on this topic. According to this statement,The purpose of the topic test center is to examine students’ questioning consciousness, critical consciousness and independent thinking ability in mathematics problems.

　　As for the design reason of this question, the explanation says: "Some surveys show that primary school students in our country generally lack the questioning consciousness and critical spirit of mathematical problems." In view of this, it is designed as a knowledge test center in the final exam of primary school in this issue (such questions have appeared in the final exams of primary school students in many places in China). Strive to lead students to dare to challenge authority, break the mindset and cultivate a good spirit of questioning. "

　　What do netizens think?

　　After reading the answers of primary school students, many netizens also exposed their answers and their views on this matter.

　　Netizen answer

　　@ 封封: Pleasant Goat, Beautiful Goat and Lazy Goat are all on board. It is estimated that the captain is only the old village head.

　　@ 中中中中中中中中: Dare to ask if the sheep on the boat is Sean or Pleasant Goat?

　　@ViP Attendant: The captain was so popular that he jumped into the sea, so there was no captain on board. It is estimated that these 36 sheep can fetch a good price.

　　@ gnome male-"zll: Why should I help Kobayashi answer? ? ? ? ?

　　Some netizens also questioned this way of presenting questions.

　　@Evan: What did the fifth-grade students do wrong to face these?

　　@ I am a big pineapple: Math problems should not be criticized, but the questioner.

　　@ Start a pile of pieces of paper: I feel that my steps are a bit big.

　　@L Fankong: I still dare not admit the wrong topic.

　　However, more netizens praised the wit of primary school students and the way teachers set questions.

　　@Eddy wenbo: The pupils’ answers are so perfect.

　　@ Ping An Fu Ruyide: These answers are quite cool and have an unyielding sense of cuteness.

　　@ Eight Degrees Remaining Temperature -cool: IQ limits my way of answering questions!

　　@ Go all out in the blue sky: Today’s children are very independent in thinking. Unlike before, we all unified our thoughts and unified our answers. When we grow up, our independent thinking discrimination ability is poor ~

　　Winchester’s Heart: Well, if you jump out of the circle, your imagination will be infinitely extended. This just exercises the child’s imagination or criticism.

　　@Nn121o: This question is interesting and can be used to test children.

　　@ Shi Lei I said: When you grow up, you will find that not all questions have standard answers.

　　What do you want to say after reading the exam questions for primary school students in these years?

　　In the Internet age, teachers have gradually changed the original rigid teaching methods and started to make various fancy questions. Many exam questions are also popular on the Internet.

　　Please listen to the questions below.

　　Question 1:Choose "Who is the most beautiful" from the photos of Xifeng, Furong, Ruhua and Chinese teacher.

　　This is a Chinese question for the third grade of Jiangning Primary School in Nanjing. It is reported that the proposer is not the "Class 8 Chinese teacher" in the answer option, but another male teacher. Many parents of students questioned the purpose of the teacher’s question, saying that this topic has no purpose and value except for being funny.

　　In this regard, the headmaster said that it is understandable that the young teacher who just graduated lacks some professional qualities, but he is innovative and everyone should give him a chance.

　　Question 2:

　　This is a third-grade math problem in a primary school in Shanghai. Did you choose D without hesitation? Please go outside the classroom ~ ~ The correct answer is A.

　　Reason? Purchase at the original price and sell at the original price. Boss, are you doing well in this business?

　　According to the reporter, many primary school students have also fallen into the "trap" on this topic!

　　Question 3:

　

　　This is a Chinese question for fifth-grade pupils in Hangzhou. It is said that a primary school student was hard to cry because of the test paper, and some parents called 12345 for this.

　　A Chinese teacher analyzed that this is a crossword puzzle. At first glance, it is quite simple, but after careful reading, it is actually very difficult. It is necessary to fill in four-character idioms and have the same ABCD structure as being alone.

　　If it were you, what would you say?

　　The latest news of Beijing Covid-19 vaccine

　　[Updated on November 17th, 2022]

　　News on December 15, 2022

　　Notice on the implementation of the second dose (fourth dose) of Covid-19 vaccine to strengthen immunization was released.

　　News on November 17, 2022

　　Do you have inhaled COVID-19 vaccine in Beijing? Multi-area open appointment vaccination

　　News on July 6, 2022

　　Summary of COVID-19 vaccination measures for Beijing to enter gathering places from July 11th.

　　10.28 message

　　COVID-19 vaccination for people aged 3-11 was launched in Beijing on October 28th.

　　10.20 message

　　Where is the booster shot of Beijing COVID-19 vaccine? Summary of inoculation sites in each district

　　Frequently asked questions about booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine (crowd+interval)

　　9.29 news

　　Location and schedule of three-needle COVID-19 vaccination in Fengtai District, Beijing

　　What are the vaccination sites of three-needle COVID-19 in Chaoyang District?

　　9.7 message

　　Resolutely put an end to the combination of QR code investigation and compulsory vaccination (National Health Commission)

　　How to judge whether COVID-19 vaccine is related to allergies?

　　National Health Commission responded to strengthening vaccination (how to fight high-risk groups)

　　9.2 message

　　Since September 1st, COVID-19 vaccine in Chaoyang District of Beijing has fully adopted the vaccination reservation system.

　　9.1 message

　　Summary of common problems in COVID-19 vaccination for the elderly

　　What are the vaccination requirements for the elderly in COVID-19?

　　8.25 message

　　The latest news of COVID-19 vaccine booster (when to make an appointment)

　　7.27 message

　　2021 COVID-19 Vaccination for 12-17 years old non-school population in Chaoyang, Beijing started.

　　7.26 message

　　COVID-19 vaccination among people aged 12-17 started in Shunyi, Beijing.

　　COVID-19 vaccination for people aged 12-17 was started in Huairou, Beijing on July 24th.

　　7.23 message

　　Vaccination sites of Beijing minor COVID-19 (summary by district)

　　COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Vaccination Procedure in Daxing District, Beijing (with appointment entrance)

　　?Covid-19 vaccination for people aged 12-17 started in Beijing on July 20th.

　　Vaccination schedule: vaccination will be started in senior high school (15-17 years old) on July 20th, and in junior high school (12-14 years old) in early August.

　　Haidian District Online COVID-19 Vaccine Reservation System

　　Reservation platform: Healthy Haidian

　　(Real-time dynamic query of COVID-19 vaccination site details in Haidian District)

　　Beijing COVID-19 Vaccination Welfare

　　Summary of preferential welfare policies for vaccination in COVID-19 (ticket discount+coupons)

　　Vaccination of COVID-19 compatriots in Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao

　　Compatriots in Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao can get COVID-19 vaccine free of charge with relevant documents.

　　3.31 News-Latest Q&A on Vaccination in COVID-19

　　Summary of New Q&A on Vaccination in COVID-19, Beijing (official answers to 25 hot issues)

　　34 Questions and Answers on New Crown Vaccination on March 31st (released by National Health Commission)

　　3.30 News-COVID-19 Vaccination Technical Guide Released

　　National Health Commission Releases Technical Guidelines for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition)

　　3.26 Latest news

　　COVID-19 Vaccine Vaccination for Foreigners in Beijing Started in an All-round Way (Summary of Frequently Asked Questions in Chinese and English)

　　Some restaurants and B&B scenic spots in Pinggu give discounts to COVID-19 vaccinators.

　　Safety and Effectiveness of Vaccine in COVID-19

　　Summary of 16 issues such as safety and effectiveness of the new crown vaccine on March 21 (Health and Health Commission)

　　Latest situation of vaccine in COVID-19

　　① The latest progress of vaccination in COVID-19.

　　② The latest situation of vaccination in COVID-19.

　　?The first mobile vaccination vehicle in China is expected to be put into use in Beijing and Hebei in April.

　　Vaccinators don’t have to go to the inoculation point, and the vaccination car comes to the door to get the big vaccine. [Details]

　　COVID-19 Vaccination for the Aged 60 and Over.

　　The latest news of vaccination in COVID-19 over 60 years old in Beijing (summary by district)

　　Official Answers to 21 Hot Issues of Vaccination in COVID-19, Beijing (released by CDC)

　　Antibody detection after vaccination in COVID-19

　　Does Beijing COVID-19 produce antibodies after vaccination? The detection box can be operated by individuals.

　　3.9 latest news

　　Beijing Dongcheng registered to play COVID-19 vaccine unified reservation platform online.

　　COVID-19 vaccine in Changping District, Beijing added night vaccination.

　　Vaccination in COVID-19 under 18 years old

　　Can you get COVID-19 vaccine under the age of 18?

　　When can people under 18 be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?

　　?3.2 Latest news

　　What is the difference between inactivated vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine?

　　What’s the difference between four domestic COVID-19 vaccines?

　　Can individuals choose to vaccinate four COVID-19 vaccines approved for marketing in China?

　　Beijing has vaccinated some elderly people aged 60 and above with COVID-19 vaccine (CDC).

　　Vaccination certificate after vaccination

　　How does Beijing Health Bao export or print COVID-19 vaccination certificate?

　　?The second dose of vaccine should be vaccinated in time when returning to Beijing after the holiday (with vaccination precautions)

　　Vaccination schedule for Spring Festival in COVID-19:Click to view

　　Registration of mopai in various districts of Beijing: Click to view.

　　The Second Vaccination of COVID-19 Vaccine (Key Population);

　　Start time: January 21st, 2021.

　　According to the unified arrangement of the city’s vaccination work, the start date of the second dose of vaccination for key populations is January 22, and it is planned to be completed before February 8. The city will do a good job in mobilizing and organizing the second dose in accordance with the principle of "no change in vaccination requirements, no change in organizational channels and no change in vaccine varieties" to ensure the orderly connection between the first dose and the second dose.

　　The COVID-19 vaccine used this time is a whole virus inactivated vaccine, and the recommended immunization program is 2 shots. In order to achieve the best immunization effect for the vaccinated population, the second dose of vaccine can be inoculated at an interval of 21 to 28 days, or it can be completed within 14 to 28 days.

　　Q&A on the second vaccination: Click to view.

　　COVID-19 vaccination consultation hotline:

　　Shijingshan district announces consultation hotline

　　Summary of vaccine consultation telephone number in COVID-19, Beijing

　　?Guidelines for vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine for special population.

　　1. Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination for Diabetic Patients (First Edition)

　　2. Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hypertension (First Edition)

　　3. Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination for Patients with Thyroid Diseases (First Edition)

　　?From January 1, 2021, Beijing organized all districts to carry out COVID-19 vaccination for nine key groups.

　　In order to strictly implement the work requirements of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, and in accordance with the relevant deployment of COVID-19 vaccination for key population in Beijing, since January 1, 2021, Beijing has organized various districts to carry out COVID-19 vaccination for nine key population groups, and on the basis of knowledge and voluntariness, strive to achieve "every one should take it". In order to ensure the smooth development of vaccination work, relevant departments and institutions in the city have made careful arrangements for key links such as transportation, storage, vaccination and adverse reaction disposal of vaccines in COVID-19, and closed-loop management of vaccines in COVID-19 has been realized in the whole chain and process.

　　In order to do a good job in COVID-19 vaccination for the key population, the relevant departments and institutions at the two levels in the urban area have carefully organized and deployed. The staff and medical staff who participated in this work gave up their rest during the festival and took up their posts, actively and steadily promoting related work. At present, 220 inoculation sites have been put into use. COVID-19 vaccine command and dispatch platform and vaccination management platform have been launched, and personnel information is interoperable with Beijing "Health Bao" platform. After the first dose of vaccination, the column of "Health Bao" and "health service reservation inquiry" in Beijing will prompt "First dose has been vaccinated"; After the second dose is inoculated, it will prompt "Vaccination complete". From January 1st to 2nd, 2021, the whole city was inoculated with 73,537 doses of COVID-19 vaccine, and no serious adverse reactions occurred.

　　1. Vaccination population: Click to view.

　　2. Vaccination schedule: click to view.

　　3. Vaccine price: Click to view.

　　4. How to make an appointment: Click to view.

　　At present, the vaccination work of nine key groups is coordinated by the municipal level, organized and implemented by the district level, and each unit or industry department specifically organizes docking, and the vaccination is carried out in an orderly manner according to the unified arrangement in the district. In principle, no personal appointment is taken.

　　Official answers to 14 questions about vaccination in Covid-19, Beijing (reservation+price)

　　?How to monitor the adverse reactions of vaccines in China?

　　Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, said that the national laws and regulations, such as the Vaccine Management Law, the National Monitoring Scheme for Suspected Adverse Reactions of Vaccination and the Measures for Identification of Adverse Reactions of Vaccination, all have clear provisions on monitoring and handling of suspected adverse reactions of Vaccination.

　　Specific measures include defining the responsible reporting unit, the responsible reporter, the content and time limit of the report, and stipulating the conditions for suspected vaccine adverse reactions that need to be investigated. Moreover, the diagnosis of abnormal reactions needs to be completed by the investigation and diagnosis expert group, and the identification needs to be completed by the provincial and municipal medical associations. The monitoring of suspected vaccine adverse reactions is realized through the monitoring information system established by China CDC, and information sharing is realized between CDC and ADR monitoring institutions. Disease control institutions at all levels and adverse drug reaction monitoring institutions will also regularly analyze and evaluate the monitored information. If there is a major event, it will be analyzed and evaluated in time.

　　?Will the virus mutation affect the vaccine effect?

　　Virus is one of the simplest organisms, and its proliferation depends on living cells. In the process of proliferation, the virus will mutate, and most of the mutations will not affect the pathogenicity of the virus, the sensitivity of detection reagents and the effectiveness of the vaccine. According to the latest information released by the World Health Organization, from the global monitoring of Covid-19 mutation, there is no evidence that virus mutation will invalidate the existing Covid-19 vaccine. The World Health Organization’s global Covid-19 laboratory network includes a special SARS-CoV-2 virus mutation and evolution working group, which is rapidly detecting new virus mutation and evaluating its possible impact, which will also provide early warning and scientific analysis basis for subsequent vaccine development and application.

1905 movie network news In 2019, the most "popular" superhero movie announced that it was scheduled for the mainland. After January 25th, 2019, Deadpool actor Ryan Reynolds also announced that he was coming to China, which caused an uproar on the Internet. In fact, we can’t blame the domestic fans for being too excited. The "little cheap cheap" not only meets the mainland audience on the big screen, but also meets the fans at the China premiere on the evening of January 20th. The audience and fans are all looking forward to the "close contact" with "Deadpool Benshi".

A few days ago, the official Twitter of the film released a set of "Ten-year Challenge" funny pictures specially prepared for Uncle Wolf Hugh Jackman. Ten years ago, Uncle Wolf was extremely brave, and after ten years, there were only a bunch of barren graves left. China netizens laughed and cried after watching it, bluntly saying that "ten years of life and death are two boundless", and some people even said that "the small base finally got revenge"! It turned out that a month ago, Uncle Wolf tricked Ryan, the actor of Deadpool, into attending a "sweater party" at Christmas. At the scene, only Cheap Cheap actually wore a Christmas sweater, and the look of Cheap Cheap was played by many netizens.

Not only Uncle Jian Wolf, but even celine dion didn’t let go. In an official tidbit released a few days ago, the "cheap" person was as the name implies. When meeting celine dion after the rehearsal, the sudden "cheap" made the goddess start to be indecent. The two not only praised each other’s figure, but celine dion also personally identified the authenticity of the cheap chest, but the "cheap" nature remained unchanged and quipped, "I don’t care.

It diss worth mentioning that after Death Waiter 2: I Love My Family was announced to be released in China, a "Deadpool Storm" suddenly exploded in China. Coser put on Deadpool’s battle clothes one after another, and launched various "cheap" interactions with passers-by in cinemas in Shanghai, Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which not only played tricks on people, but also openly disowned characters in other movies in cinemas.

This time, Ryan Reynolds, as the star of Dead Waiter 2: I Love My Family, not only continued the Max’s mouth gun skills of the previous work, but also became a co-writer and producer of this film, contributing endless jokes and jokes, which made netizens unable to help but ask "Is Ryan playing Deadpool or Deadpool playing Ryan?"

"Ryan has the same idea as Deadpool, and he also thinks and speaks in Deadpool’s way." Even Ritter Reese, the screenwriter of Dead Waiter 2: I Love My Family, said, "In a sense, Ryan is Deadpool, and his sense of humor fits seamlessly with Deadpool’s style."

China’s big screen finally ushered in the "cheap", and Deadpool himself, Ryan Reynolds, will be with his fans at the premiere on January 20th. Dead Waiter 2: I Love My Family will be released nationwide on January 25th.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network Many people like it, because the movies are full of breakthrough violent symbols, and the tribute elements of many classic movies are also used properly, which will not make people feel disgusted. But the most brilliant part of the film lies in the description of the city by director Qing Yang, who is a native of Chongqing — — Authentic Chongqing dialect, light rail passing through buildings, stairs built by mountains, high-rise old buildings with moldy walls, Chongqing Grand Theatre with glass exterior walls … …

　 　 But what best represents the city of Chongqing is hot pot.

　 　 Chen Kun, Qin Hao and Yu Entai, three high school students, once "Shapingba Cao Meng", jointly opened an "old classmate hole hot pot" after graduation — — Hot pot restaurant opened in the bomb shelter. This "project" with local characteristics originated in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, when people in Chongqing dug and built 1.1 million square meters of air-raid shelters underground to avoid Japanese bombing. Nowadays, these bomb shelters have become shopping malls, mahjong halls and Chongqing people’s favorite hot pot restaurants.

　 　 In Qin Hao’s words, it is "delicious and fun".

　 　 Since we have opened a hot pot restaurant, we must make the best use of it. There are many scenes of gathering together to eat hot pot in the movie.

　 　 Chen Kun invited Bai Baihe to the store to reunite with his old classmates and have a meal;

　 　　Creditors came to Chen Kun to collect debts and have a meal;

　 　　On the eve of their parting, the three planned to have a meal, but Chen Kun didn’t eat it because he went to the bank to save people … …

　 　　In the end, it was all ruined … …

　 　　At the end of the film, on the rooftop of the hospital, the bright sunshine shines, and four "old and new classmates" plan the future, love and friendship, and of course, a hot pot is indispensable.

　 　　Unlike the Beijing copper pot with clear soup and scanty water, Chongqing hot pot is mostly Jiugongge. It is said that hot pot was first divided into nine grids because a group of people ate the same pot, and the merchants designed it for good accounting. Now it is found that the heat and temperature of each grid are different, so it is suitable for rinsing different foods, and this form has been preserved.

　 　　Chongqing hot pot is spicy and mellow. Not only is the sesame oil and garlic sauce different from other hot pots, but even the dishes are unique — — Meat dishes must order beef tripe, duck intestines, duck blood, diced yellow pepper and luncheon meat … … Vegetarian dishes include tofu, peony bark, rattan vegetables, green bamboo shoots and so on.

　 　　These special taste symbols have also made Chongqing’s unique food culture, and hot pot has also become the label of Chongqing cuisine.

　 　　Are you hungry after seeing so many hot Chongqing foods? I don’t know if it’s to your liking, so Xiao Dianjun will introduce you to several local cuisines and stories about those cities … …

Beijing tripe

　 　 Different from the hotness of Chongqing, the city of Beijing has a heavy history and a strong old flavor. Mr. six, which made Feng Dao "tremble" again last year, restored the real Beijing dialect, Beijing flavor and Beijing rhyme for us. Besides the sharp and humorous Beijing scolding and the old guys in the hutong, the Beijing snacks in the movie were also very attractive.

　 　　After being slapped, Xiaogang Feng plays the role of Sixth Master, who eats in a restaurant with Boring Saner (Zhang Hanyu) and Lampshade Er (Liu Hua). The chef brings a plate of belly meat from the kitchen, and he specially tells him, "Mary’s, it won’t work in three minutes". This dish of belly kernel is a kind of traditional eating in old Beijing.

　 　　Fried tripe is a famous Hui snack in Tianjin and Beijing, which was recorded as early as the Qing Dynasty. Clean and arrange fresh tripe (including tripe and tripe collar) or fresh tripe, cut into strips, fry with boiling water, and dip in sesame sauce, vinegar, Chili oil, bean curd soup with sauce, coriander powder and chopped green onion.

　 　　Because the fried tripe pays attention to the taste and temperature, it is necessary to take it out after being rinsed in hot water, carefully observed, scattered and bent again, otherwise it will be old and the taste will be much worse.

　 　　The "belly kernel" mentioned in the movie has a very tender taste and is the best in the tripe. It takes several sheep to gather together a plate of belly meat, so the price is naturally not cheap. From this point alone, we can see that this group of "mr. six" are still fastidious about eating, despite the tight life.

Hong kong chouchang

　 　　When it comes to Hong Kong, most people will first think of roasted meat and milk tea in Hong Kong-style tea restaurants. In fact, the pure taste of Hong Kong is much more "interesting" than our impression.

　 　　In Du Qifeng’s movie "Blind Detective", the detective Johnston played by Andy Lau is also a gourmet, but his favorite is not a gluttonous delicacy, but a bowl of stinky intestines on the street.

　 　　The stinky sausage is similar to its distant relative, stinky tofu. It is a snack that smells smelly and tastes delicious. It is mainly made of pig intestines, with sauces and side dishes. It has a unique taste and is naturally not acceptable to everyone.

　 　　At that time, Johnston, who was not blind, was eating stinky sausage at a roadside stall when he saw Gao Yuanyuan dancing in the opposite dance classroom and fell in love with her at first sight. (Who knows that Gao Yuanyuan, whose eyes were wide open, actually took a fancy to Stone Dad … … )

Taiwan Province squid soup

　 　　People who have been to Taiwan Province must have eaten large intestine wrapped in small intestine and oyster omelet, but not everyone knows squid soup — — It is also one of the classic desktop snacks, and its reputation is much smaller. In the movie monga, it was a bowl of squid soup that made Mark Chao’s mosquito recognized by the "Prince Gang".

Mark was still tender at that time.

　 　　Squid soup is exquisite in materials, thick in soup, fragrant in taste and smooth and crisp in taste.

An old brand with a history of more than 90 years.

　 　　The film "Two Happy Squid Soups" was founded in 1921, which is located in Huaxi Street Night Market in Wanhua District where monga is located. Now, two squid soups have been opened, and the popularity of the film has also made their business more popular. The signature squid soup here is 1 cm thick and foamed. Because of its composition with fish paste, it is seasoned with thicken broth and sand tea, which has a very traditional and authentic taste.

Shanghai xiefen steamed

　 　　The story of "eat drink man woman" directed by Ang Lee takes place in Taipei, but there are several delicacies in the film — — Braised pork with plum, steamed crab powder, steamed crab, Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish and so on are all authentic Shanghai delicacies.

　 　　The opening of the film has always been talked about, and the 4-minute montage shows Lao Zhu’s exquisite cooking skills. Among them, the method of making steamed buns is even more coherent and skillful — — First, throw the meat stuffing out of the ribs on the countertop, "skin, fold, and put it on the drawer — — The whole process is done in one go.

The legendary "thin skin and big stuffing with eighteen pleats" is the steamed stuffed bun made by someone else’s father … …

　 　　As a famous snack in the south of the Yangtze River, the history of steamed dumplings can be traced back to the Northern Song Dynasty at the earliest, while crab meat and crab roe are added to the crab powder dumplings, which are more delicious. However, in "eat drink man woman", the reunion dinner with three daughters was not enjoyable, and the four people had their own worries, which could only be "a pity for the exquisiteness of this table".

　 　　I have introduced the spicy hot pot in Chongqing, the faint scent of Beijing’s tripe, the uniqueness of Hong Kong’s stinky sausage, the richness of Taiwan Province’s squid soup and the delicacy of Shanghai’s steamed buns. I believe you must be hungry now, and finally I will give you a picture.

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order of the president of the people’s republic of china　

No.74　

　　(Adopted at the Second Session of the Eighth the NPC Standing Committee on July 2, 1993, revised at the 31st Session of the Ninth the NPC Standing Committee on December 28, 2002. According to the Decision on Amending Some Laws of the Tenth Session of the Eleventh the NPC Standing Committee on August 27, 2009, the the NPC Standing Committee on Amending the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Agriculture The Decision on Industry Law, adopted by the 30th session of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on December 28th, 2012, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1st, 2013. )

　　Hu Jintao, President of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

　　December 28th, 2012

　　Catalogue　

　　Chapter I General Provisions　

　　Chapter II Agricultural Production and Management System　

　　Chapter III Agricultural Production　

　　Chapter IV Circulation and Processing of Agricultural Products　

　　Chapter V Food Security　

　　Chapter VI Agricultural Input and Support Protection　

　　Chapter VII Agricultural Science and Technology and Agricultural Education　

　　Chapter VIII Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Environmental Protection　

　　Chapter IX Protection of Farmers’ Rights and Interests　

　　Chapter X Rural Economic Development　

　　Chapter XI Law Enforcement Supervision　

　　Chapter XII Legal Liability　

　　Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions　

　　Chapter I General Principles　

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture in the national economy, deepen rural reform, develop agricultural productivity, promote agricultural modernization, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations, increase farmers’ income, improve their scientific and cultural quality, promote the sustained, stable and healthy development of agriculture and rural economy, and realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　Article 2 The term "agriculture" as mentioned in this Law refers to industries such as planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, including services directly related to them before, during and after delivery.

　　The agricultural production and operation organizations mentioned in this Law refer to rural collective economic organizations, farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, agricultural enterprises and other organizations engaged in agricultural production and operation.

　　Article 3 The state places agriculture in the first place in developing the national economy.

　　The basic objectives of agricultural and rural economic development are to establish a rural economic system that meets the requirements of developing a socialist market economy, continuously liberate and develop rural productive forces, improve the overall quality and efficiency of agriculture, ensure the supply and quality of agricultural products, meet the needs of national economic development, population growth and improvement of living standards, improve farmers’ income and living standards, promote the transfer of surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and towns, narrow urban-rural differences and regional differences, build a rich, democratic and civilized new socialist countryside, and gradually realize agricultural and rural modernization.

　　Article 4 The state shall take measures to ensure that agriculture can play a better role in providing food, industrial raw materials and other agricultural products, maintaining and improving the ecological environment, and promoting rural economic and social development.

　　Article 5 The state adheres to and improves the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay and various forms of ownership develop together, so as to revitalize the rural economy.

　　The state has long stabilized the two-tier management system based on household contract management in rural areas, developed a socialized service system, strengthened the collective economic strength, and guided farmers to take the road of common prosperity.

　　The state adheres to and improves the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting in rural areas.

　　Article 6 The State adheres to the policy of promoting agriculture through science and education and the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　The state takes measures to strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure, adjust and optimize the agricultural and rural economic structure, promote the industrialized operation of agriculture, develop agricultural science and technology and education, protect the agricultural ecological environment, promote agricultural mechanization and informatization, and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity.

　　Article 7 The state protects the property and other lawful rights and interests of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations from infringement.

　　People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments should take measures to increase farmers’ income and effectively reduce farmers’ burden.

　　Article 8 The whole society should attach great importance to agriculture and support its development.

　　The state rewards units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in developing agriculture and rural economy.

　　Article 9 People’s governments at all levels shall be uniformly responsible for the development of agriculture and rural economy, and organize relevant departments and the whole society to do a good job in developing agriculture and serving it.

　　The administrative department of agriculture in the State Council is in charge of the national agricultural and rural economic development, while the administrative department of forestry in the State Council and other relevant departments are responsible for the relevant agricultural and rural economic development within their respective functions and duties.

　　The agricultural administrative departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the agricultural and rural economic development in their respective administrative areas, such as planting, animal husbandry and fishery, and the forestry administrative departments shall be responsible for the forestry work in their respective administrative areas. Other relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, within the scope of their respective duties, be responsible for the work related to serving agricultural production and operation within their respective administrative areas.

　　Chapter II Agricultural Production and Management System　

　　Article 10 The state practices the contracted management system of rural land, ensures the long-term stability of rural land in contract relationship according to law, and protects farmers’ right to use contracted land.

　　The Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Rural Land Contract Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall apply to the mode and time limit of contracted management of rural land, the rights and obligations of the employer and the contractor, and the protection and circulation of the contracted management right of land.

　　Rural collective economic organizations shall, on the basis of household contract management, manage collective assets according to law, provide their members with services such as production, technology and information, organize rational development and utilization of collective resources, and strengthen their economic strength.

　　Article 11 The state encourages farmers to voluntarily form various professional cooperative economic organizations on the basis of household contract management.

　　Farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations shall adhere to the purpose of serving their members, and carry out agricultural production, operation and service activities within the scope stipulated in their articles of association according to the principles of voluntary participation, freedom of withdrawal, democratic management and return of surplus.

　　Farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations can take many forms, be established and registered according to law. No organization or individual may infringe upon the property and operational autonomy of farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations.

　　Twelfth farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations can voluntarily set up various enterprises in accordance with the principle of democratic management, distribution according to work and dividend distribution according to shares.

　　Article 13 The State shall take measures to develop various forms of agricultural industrialized operation, and encourage and support farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to develop integrated operation of production, processing and sales.

　　The state guides and supports enterprises, scientific research units and other organizations engaged in the production, processing and circulation services of agricultural products, and forms a community of interests sharing benefits and risks by concluding contracts with farmers or farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations or establishing various enterprises, so as to promote agricultural industrialization and promote agricultural development.

　　Article 14 Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations may set up various agricultural product trade associations in accordance with laws and administrative regulations, provide production, marketing, information, technology, training and other services for their members, play a role of coordination and self-discipline, apply for agricultural product trade remedy measures, and safeguard the interests of members and industries.

　　Chapter III Agricultural Production　

　　Fifteenth people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the long-term planning of national economic and social development, the basic objectives of agricultural and rural economic development and the division of agricultural resources, formulate agricultural development plans.

　　The agricultural administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall, in accordance with the agricultural development plan, take measures to give full play to regional advantages, promote the formation of a reasonable regional layout of agricultural production, and guide and coordinate the adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structures.

　　Article 16 The state guides and supports farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to adjust and optimize the agricultural production structure according to local conditions and market demand, coordinate the development of planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, develop high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture, and improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products.

　　The planting industry focuses on optimizing varieties, improving quality and increasing benefits, and adjusts crop structure, variety structure and quality structure.

　　Strengthen forestry ecological construction, implement natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests and sand prevention and control projects, strengthen the construction of shelter forest system, and accelerate the construction of fast-growing and high-yield forests, industrial raw material forests and firewood forests.

　　Strengthen grassland protection and construction, accelerate the development of animal husbandry, promote captive breeding and house feeding, improve livestock and poultry varieties, and actively develop feed industry and livestock and poultry product processing industry.

　　Fishery production should protect and rationally utilize fishery resources, adjust fishing structure, and actively develop aquaculture, offshore fishing and aquatic product processing industry.

　　People’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate policies, arrange funds, and guide and support the adjustment of agricultural structure.

　　Article 17 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to strengthen the comprehensive agricultural development and the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure, such as farmland water conservancy, agricultural ecological environment protection, rural roads, rural energy and power grids, storage and circulation of agricultural products, fishing ports, grassland fences, improved animal and plant seed base, etc., improve agricultural production conditions, and protect and enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity.

　　Article 18 The state supports the breeding, production and renewal of animal and plant varieties and the popularization and use of improved varieties, encourages the combination of variety breeding with production and management, and implements seed engineering and improved livestock and poultry engineering. The State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government set up special funds to support the breeding and popularization of improved varieties of animals and plants.

　　Article 19 People’s governments at all levels and agricultural production and operation organizations shall strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, establish and improve the management system of farmland water conservancy facilities, conserve water, develop water-saving agriculture, strictly control the occupation of irrigation water sources by non-agricultural construction according to law, and prohibit any organization or individual from illegally occupying or damaging farmland water conservancy facilities.

　　The state gives key support to the development of water-saving agriculture in water-deficient areas.

　　Article 20 The State encourages and supports farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, strengthen the safety management of agricultural machinery and improve the level of agricultural mechanization.

　　The state gives support to farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations in purchasing advanced agricultural machinery.

　　Article 21 People’s governments at all levels shall support the development of meteorological services for agriculture and improve the level of monitoring and forecasting meteorological disasters.

　　Article 22 The state shall take measures to improve the quality of agricultural products, establish and improve the quality standard system and quality inspection and supervision system of agricultural products, organize the production and operation of agricultural products in accordance with relevant technical specifications, operating rules and quality, health and safety standards, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.

　　Article 23 The State supports the establishment and improvement of a certification and labeling system for high-quality agricultural products according to law.

　　The state encourages and supports the development of high-quality agricultural products. Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to develop the production of high-quality agricultural products in accordance with local conditions and relevant state regulations.

　　High-quality agricultural products that meet the standards prescribed by the state may apply for the use of relevant signs in accordance with the provisions of laws or administrative regulations. Agricultural products that meet the requirements of the specified origin and production specifications may apply for the use of geographical indications of agricultural products in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws or administrative regulations.

　　Article 24 The state practices and improves the animal and plant epidemic prevention and quarantine system, strengthens the monitoring, early warning and prevention of animal epidemics and plant diseases, insects, weeds and rodents, establishes a rapid extinguishing mechanism for major animal epidemics and plant diseases and insect pests, builds animal epidemic-free areas and implements plant protection projects.

　　Twenty-fifth pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives, fertilizers, seeds, agricultural machinery and other agricultural means of production that may endanger the safety of people and livestock shall be registered or licensed in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

　　People’s governments at all levels shall establish and improve the safe use system of agricultural means of production, and farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations shall not use agricultural means of production such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed additives and other prohibited products that have been explicitly eliminated and prohibited by the state.

　　Producers and sellers of agricultural means of production shall be responsible for the quality of the products they produce and sell, and it is forbidden to shoddy, fake and genuine, and pass unqualified products off as qualified products; It is forbidden to produce and sell agricultural means of production such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed additives and agricultural machinery that have been explicitly eliminated by the state.

　　Chapter IV Circulation and Processing of Agricultural Products　

　　Article 26 The purchase and sale of agricultural products shall be regulated by the market. The state implements necessary macro-control over the purchase and sale of important agricultural products related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, establishes a central and local grading reserve adjustment system, and improves the warehousing and transportation system to ensure supply and stabilize the market.

　　Article 27 The State shall gradually establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system for agricultural products and formulate a development plan for the wholesale market of agricultural products. The state gives support to rural collective economic organizations and farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations in establishing wholesale markets and bazaars for agricultural products.

　　The administrative departments for industry and commerce of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall, according to their respective functions and duties, manage the wholesale market of agricultural products according to law, standardize the trading order and prevent local protection and unfair competition.

　　Article 28 The State encourages and supports the development of various forms of agricultural product circulation activities. Support farmers and farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations to engage in agricultural products acquisition, wholesale, storage, transportation, retail and intermediary activities in accordance with relevant state regulations. Encourage supply and marketing cooperatives and other agricultural production and operation organizations engaged in the purchase and sale of agricultural products to provide market information, open up circulation channels of agricultural products and serve the sales of agricultural products.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to urge the relevant departments to ensure the smooth transportation of agricultural products and reduce the circulation cost of agricultural products. The relevant administrative departments shall simplify the procedures to facilitate the transportation of fresh agricultural products, and shall not detain the means of transportation of fresh agricultural products unless otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 29 The State supports the development of agricultural product processing industry and food industry, and increases the added value of agricultural products. People’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate development plans for agricultural product processing industry and food industry, guide agricultural product processing enterprises to form a reasonable regional layout and scale structure, and support farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations and township enterprises to engage in agricultural product processing and comprehensive development and utilization.

　　The state establishes and improves the quality standards of processed agricultural products, improves the detection methods, strengthens the quality and safety management and supervision during the processing of agricultural products, and ensures food safety.

　　Article 30 The State encourages the development of import and export trade of agricultural products.

　　The state adopts measures such as strengthening international market research and providing information and marketing services to promote the export of agricultural products.

　　In order to maintain the production and marketing order of agricultural products and fair trade, and establish an early warning system for agricultural products import, the state may take necessary measures when some imported agricultural products have caused or may cause significant adverse effects on the production of domestic related agricultural products.

　　Chapter V Food Security　

　　Article 31 The State shall take measures to protect and improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, steadily raise the level of grain production and ensure food security.

　　The state establishes a farmland protection system and gives special protection to basic farmland according to law.

　　Article 32 The state shall give key support to major grain producing areas in terms of policies, funds and technology, build a stable commodity grain production base, improve grain storage and processing facilities, and improve grain production, processing level and economic benefits in major grain producing areas.

　　The state supports the establishment of a stable cooperative relationship between the main grain producing areas and the main selling areas.

　　Article 33 When the market price of grain is too low, the State Council may decide to implement the protective price system for some grain varieties. The protective price should be determined according to the principle of protecting farmers’ interests and stabilizing grain production.

　　Farmers sell grain according to the protective price system, and the purchasing units entrusted by the state shall not refuse to accept it.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall organize financial and monetary departments and purchasing units entrusted by the state to raise enough funds for grain purchase in time, and no department, unit or individual may intercept or misappropriate them.

　　Article 34 The State establishes an early warning system for food safety and takes measures to ensure food supply. The State Council should set the goal of food security and the quantitative index of grain reserves, and organize the relevant competent departments to check the situation of cultivated land and grain stocks according to the needs.

　　The state implements a central and local grading reserve regulation system for grain and builds a storage and transportation system. Enterprises undertaking the task of national grain reserves shall ensure the quantity and quality of grain reserves in accordance with state regulations.

　　Article 35 The State establishes a grain risk fund to support grain reserves, stabilize the grain market and protect farmers’ interests.

　　Article 36 The state advocates cherishing and saving food and takes measures to improve the people’s food nutrition structure.

　　Chapter VI Agricultural Input and Support Protection　

　　Article 37 The state establishes and improves the agricultural support and protection system, and adopts measures such as financial investment, tax incentives and financial support to support farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to develop agricultural production and raise farmers’ income level in terms of capital investment, scientific research and technology popularization, education and training, supply of agricultural means of production, market information, quality standards, inspection and quarantine, socialized services and disaster relief.

　　Under the condition that it does not conflict with the relevant international treaties concluded or acceded to by China, the state shall implement the income support policy for farmers, and the specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 38 The State shall gradually raise the overall level of agricultural input. The annual growth rate of the central and local governments at or above the county level’s total investment in agriculture should be higher than the growth rate of their recurrent fiscal revenue.

　　The funds for agriculture arranged by the people’s governments at all levels in the fiscal budget should be mainly used for: strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure; Support the adjustment of agricultural structure and promote the industrialized management of agriculture; Protect the comprehensive grain production capacity and ensure the national food security; Improve the system of animal and plant quarantine and epidemic prevention, and strengthen the prevention and control of animal diseases and plant diseases, insects, weeds and rodents; Establish and improve the quality standards of agricultural products, inspection and supervision system, agricultural products market and information service system; Support agricultural scientific research and education, agricultural technology popularization and farmers’ training; Strengthen the construction of agricultural ecological environment protection; Support the development of poverty-stricken areas; Guarantee the income level of farmers.

　　The financial investment in agricultural capital construction for planting, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and irrigation and water conservancy at or above the county level shall be co-ordinated and coordinated.

　　In order to speed up the development of the western region, the state has increased its investment in agricultural development and ecological environment protection in the western region.

　　Thirty-ninth people’s governments at or above the county level shall allocate all funds for agriculture in the annual budget in a timely and full manner. People’s governments at all levels shall strengthen the supervision and management of the allocation and use of various agricultural funds in the country, ensure the safety of funds and improve the efficiency of the use of funds.

　　No unit or individual may intercept or misappropriate financial funds and credit funds for agriculture. Audit institutions shall strengthen audit supervision of financial and credit funds used for agriculture according to law.

　　Article 40 The state encourages and guides farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to increase investment in agricultural production and operation and capital construction such as small-scale farmland water conservancy by means of taxation, price and credit.

　　The state encourages and supports farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to raise agricultural funds in various forms according to law on a voluntary basis.

　　Article 41 The State encourages social funds to be invested in agriculture, and encourages enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individuals to contribute to the establishment of various agricultural construction and agricultural science, technology and education funds.

　　The state takes measures to promote agriculture to expand the use of foreign capital.

　　Forty-second people’s governments at all levels should encourage and support enterprises, institutions and other economic organizations to carry out agricultural information services.

　　The administrative department of agriculture of the people’s government at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall establish a system for collecting, sorting and publishing agricultural information, and provide market information and other services to farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations in a timely manner.

　　Article 43 The State encourages and supports the development of agro-industries.

　　The state encourages and supports the production and trade of agricultural means of production by means of taxation and credit, and provides material guarantee for the steady growth of agricultural production.

　　The state adopts macro-control measures to maintain a reasonable price comparison between major agricultural means of production and agricultural products such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, agricultural machinery and agricultural diesel oil.

　　Article 44 The State encourages supply and marketing cooperatives, rural collective economic organizations, farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, other organizations and individuals to develop various forms of socialized services before, during and after agricultural production. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall take measures to support the socialized agricultural services.

　　The relevant departments of agriculture, industry and commerce management, transportation, public security and so on shall take measures to support those who engage in agricultural socialization services across regions.

　　Article 45 The State shall establish and improve the rural financial system, strengthen the construction of rural credit system and strengthen rural financial supervision.

　　Relevant financial institutions should take measures to increase credit input, improve rural financial services, and provide credit support for agricultural production and operation activities of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations.

　　Rural credit cooperatives should adhere to the purpose of serving agriculture, farmers and rural economic development, and give priority to providing credit services for the production and business activities of local farmers.

　　The state encourages financial institutions to provide loans to farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations for agricultural production and operation activities through measures such as interest subsidies.

　　Article 46 The State establishes and improves the agricultural insurance system.

　　The state gradually establishes and improves the policy-based agricultural insurance system. Encourage and support farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to establish mutual assistance and cooperative insurance organizations to serve agricultural production and operation activities, and encourage commercial insurance companies to carry out agricultural insurance business.

　　Agricultural insurance is voluntary. No organization or individual may force farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to participate in agricultural insurance.

　　Article 47 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to improve the ability of agriculture to defend against natural disasters, do a good job in disaster prevention, resilience and relief, help the victims to resume production, organize self-help in production, and carry out social mutual assistance; Give relief and support to the victims who have no basic living guarantee.

　　Chapter VII Agricultural Science and Technology and Agricultural Education　

　　Article 48 the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level shall formulate development plans for agricultural science, technology and education, and develop agricultural science, technology and education.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall gradually increase the funds for agricultural science and technology and agricultural education in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　The state encourages and attracts enterprises and other social forces to increase investment in agricultural science and technology, and encourages farmers, agricultural production and operation organizations, enterprises and institutions to hold agricultural science and technology and education undertakings according to law.

　　Article 49 The State protects intellectual property rights such as new plant varieties and geographical indications of agricultural products, encourages and guides agricultural scientific research and educational institutions to strengthen basic research and applied research of agricultural science and technology, spreads and popularizes agricultural scientific and technological knowledge, accelerates the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and promotes the progress of agricultural science and technology.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council shall organize scientific and technological research on major key agricultural technologies. The state takes measures to promote international cooperation and exchanges in agricultural science, technology and education, and encourages the introduction of foreign advanced technologies.

　　Article 50 The state supports the cause of agro-technical popularization, and establishes an agro-technical popularization system that combines government support with market guidance, paid and unpaid services, and national agro-technical popularization institutions and social forces, so as to promote the application of advanced agricultural technologies to agricultural production as soon as possible.

　　Article 51 Agricultural technology popularization institutions established by the state should rely on agricultural technology experimental demonstration bases, undertake public welfare responsibilities such as popularization and demonstration of key technologies needed by the public, and provide free agricultural technology services for farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the needs of the development of agricultural production, stabilize and strengthen the ranks of agricultural technology popularization, and ensure the working funds of agricultural technology popularization institutions.

　　People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to ensure and improve the working conditions, wages and living conditions of professional scientific and technical personnel engaged in agricultural technology popularization in accordance with state regulations, and encourage them to serve agriculture.

　　Article 52 Agricultural scientific research units, relevant schools, farmers’ professional cooperatives, agriculture-related enterprises, mass scientific and technological organizations and relevant scientific and technological personnel may provide free services according to the needs of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations, or provide paid services in the form of technology transfer, technical services, technical contracting, technical consultation and technology shareholding, so as to obtain legal benefits. Agricultural scientific research units, relevant schools, farmers’ professional cooperatives, agriculture-related enterprises, mass scientific and technological organizations and relevant scientific and technological personnel should improve their service level and ensure the quality of service.

　　The state gives preferential treatment in taxation, credit and other aspects to enterprises serving agriculture organized by agricultural scientific research units, relevant schools and agricultural technology popularization institutions.

　　The state encourages and supports farmers, supply and marketing cooperatives, other enterprises and institutions to participate in agricultural technology popularization.

　　Article 53 The State establishes a system of continuing education for agricultural professionals and technicians. The administrative department of agriculture of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the relevant departments of education and personnel, formulate the continuing education plan for agricultural professional and technical personnel and organize its implementation.

　　Article 54 The state implements compulsory education in rural areas according to law and guarantees the funds for compulsory education. The salaries of teachers and staff in ordinary primary and secondary schools run by the state in rural areas are uniformly paid by the people’s governments at the county level in accordance with state regulations, and the funds for the construction and maintenance of teaching facilities such as school buildings are uniformly arranged by the people’s governments at the county level in accordance with state regulations.

　　Article 55 The state develops agricultural vocational education. The relevant departments of the State Council carry out the job classification and job skill appraisal of the agricultural industry in accordance with the unified provisions of the national vocational qualification certificate system, and manage the vocational qualification certificate of the agricultural industry.

　　Article 56 The state shall take measures to encourage farmers to adopt advanced agricultural techniques, support farmers to set up various scientific and technological organizations, and carry out practical agricultural technical training, farmers’ green certificate training and other employment training, so as to improve farmers’ cultural and technical quality.

　　Chapter VIII Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Environmental Protection　

　　Article 57 To develop agriculture and rural economy, we must rationally utilize and protect natural resources such as land, water, forests, grasslands, wild animals and plants, rationally develop and utilize renewable energy sources such as hydropower, biogas, solar energy and wind energy, develop ecological agriculture and protect and improve the ecological environment.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate the zoning of agricultural resources or the rational utilization and protection of agricultural resources, and establish a monitoring system for agricultural resources.

　　Article 58 Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations shall maintain cultivated land, rationally use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films, increase the use of organic fertilizers, adopt advanced technologies, protect and improve soil fertility, and prevent the pollution and destruction of agricultural land and the decline of soil fertility.

　　The administrative department of agriculture of the people’s government at or above the county level shall take measures to support farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to strengthen the construction of cultivated land quality and regularly monitor the quality of cultivated land.

　　Article 59 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to strengthen the comprehensive management of small watersheds and prevent and control soil erosion. Units and individuals engaged in production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion must take preventive measures and be responsible for controlling soil erosion caused by production and construction activities.

　　People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to prevent land desertification and control desertified land. The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the State Council and areas where desertified land is located shall, in accordance with the law, formulate plans for sand prevention and control, and organize their implementation.

　　Article 60 The state practices the system of voluntary tree planting for the whole people. People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to organize the masses to plant trees, protect forest land and trees, prevent forest fires, prevent forest diseases and insect pests, stop deforestation and illegal logging, and improve forest coverage.

　　The state implements a system of banning or restricting logging in natural forest protection areas and strengthens afforestation and forest protection.

　　Article 61 The local people’s governments concerned shall strengthen the protection, construction and management of grasslands, guide and organize farmers (pastoralists) and agricultural (pastoralist) production and operation organizations to build artificial grasslands, forage forage base and improve natural grasslands, adopt grass as livestock, control livestock carrying capacity, implement the system of rotational grazing, grazing suspension and grazing prohibition, protect grassland vegetation and prevent grassland degradation, desertification and salinization.

　　Article 62 It is forbidden to destroy forests and grass for reclamation, to burn mountains for reclamation and to reclaim steep slopes prohibited by the state. Those that have been reclaimed should gradually return farmland to forests and grasslands.

　　Reclamation of lakes and wetlands prohibited by the state is prohibited. Those who have reclaimed land should gradually return farmland to lakes and wetlands.

　　Farmers who implement returning farmland within the approved planning scope of the State Council shall be subsidized according to the provisions of the state.

　　Article 63 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to implement the fishing quota and the system of fishing ban and fishing moratorium according to law, so as to increase fishery resources and protect the ecological environment of fishery waters.

　　The state guides and supports farmers (fishermen) and their production and operation organizations engaged in fishing to engage in aquaculture or other occupations, and shall subsidize farmers (fishermen) who change jobs according to the unified planning of the local people’s government in accordance with state regulations.

　　Article 64 The State establishes a system for the protection of biological species resources related to agricultural production, protects biodiversity, and puts emphasis on the protection of rare, endangered and precious biological resources and their original places. The introduction of biological species resources from abroad shall be registered or approved according to law, and corresponding safety control measures shall be taken.

　　The research, testing, production, processing, management and other applications of agricultural genetically modified organisms must strictly implement various safety control measures in accordance with state regulations.

　　Article 65 Agricultural administrative departments at all levels shall guide farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to take biological measures or use pesticides and veterinary drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue to prevent and control animal and plant diseases, insects, weeds and rodents.

　　Straw and other surplus materials after agricultural products are harvested should be comprehensively utilized and properly disposed to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Units and individuals engaged in large-scale breeding of livestock and poultry shall carry out harmless treatment or comprehensive utilization of feces, wastewater and other wastes, and units and individuals engaged in aquaculture shall reasonably feed, fertilize and use drugs to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Article 66 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to urge the relevant units to control and prevent the pollution of agricultural ecological environment by waste water, waste gas and solid waste. If the discharge of waste water, waste gas and solid waste causes agricultural ecological environment pollution accidents, the competent administrative department of environmental protection or the competent administrative department of agriculture shall investigate and deal with them according to law; If losses are caused to farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations, the responsible persons concerned shall compensate according to law.

　　Chapter IX Protection of Farmers’ Rights and Interests　

　　Article 67 Any organ or unit must collect administrative and institutional fees from farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. The items, scope and standards of fees shall be announced. Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations have the right to refuse fees that are not based on laws and regulations.

　　Any organ or unit that fines farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations must be in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules. Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations have the right to refuse fines that are not based on laws, regulations and rules.

　　No organ or unit may apportion the expenses to farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations in any way. Unless otherwise provided by laws and regulations, any organ or unit that requests farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations to provide manpower, financial resources and material resources in any way belongs to apportionment. Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations have the right to refuse any form of apportionment.

　　Article 68 People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments and subordinate units shall not raise funds from farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations in any way.

　　Without the basis of laws and regulations or the approval of the State Council, no organ or unit may carry out any form of compliance, upgrading and acceptance activities in rural areas.

　　Article 69 Farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations shall bear the obligation to pay taxes in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations. Tax authorities and tax withholding and collecting units shall collect taxes according to law, and shall not apportion taxes illegally or collect taxes by other illegal methods.

　　Seventieth rural compulsory education in addition to the fees charged according to the provisions of the State Council, shall not charge other fees to farmers and students. It is forbidden for any organ or unit to charge farmers through rural primary and secondary schools.

　　Article 71 When the state expropriates land collectively owned by peasants according to law, it shall protect the legitimate rights and interests of peasants and rural collective economic organizations and give them compensation for land expropriation according to law. No unit or individual may intercept or misappropriate the compensation fee for land expropriation.

　　Article 72 People’s governments at all levels, rural collective economic organizations or villagers’ committees shall not infringe upon farmers’ land contractual management rights, interfere with production and management projects independently arranged by farmers, or force farmers to buy designated means of production or sell agricultural products through designated channels in the process of agricultural and rural economic restructuring, agricultural industrialization and transfer of land contractual management rights.

　　Article 73 If a rural collective economic organization or a villagers’ committee needs to raise funds and labor from its members (villagers) for the development of production or the establishment of public welfare undertakings, it shall be approved by more than half of the members’ (villagers’) meeting or the members’ (villagers’) representative meeting before it can be carried out.

　　Rural collective economic organizations or villagers’ committees that raise funds and raise labor in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not exceed the upper limit control standards set by the people’s governments at or above the provincial level, and it is forbidden to force capital to do it for them.

　　Rural collective economic organizations and villagers’ committees shall disclose important matters concerning farmers’ interests, publish their financial accounts regularly and accept their supervision.

　　Article 74 Any unit or individual that provides paid services such as production, technology, information, culture and insurance to farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations must adhere to the principle of voluntariness and may not force farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations to accept services.

　　Article 75 When purchasing agricultural products, an agricultural product purchasing unit shall not keep prices down, nor shall it withhold any fees from the paid price. Where laws and administrative regulations provide for withholding and collecting taxes, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

　　If there is a dispute between the purchasing unit of agricultural products and the seller of agricultural products due to the quality grade of agricultural products, they may entrust an agricultural product quality inspection institution with legal qualifications for inspection.

　　Article 76 If a user of agricultural means of production suffers losses due to the quality problems of the means of production, the operator who sells the means of production shall make compensation, including the purchase price, relevant expenses and loss of available benefits.

　　Article 77 In order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations have the right to report the situation to the people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments and make legitimate demands. The people’s governments and their relevant departments shall give timely answers to the reasonable demands made by farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations in accordance with state regulations.

　　Article 78 Where a violation of the law violates the rights and interests of farmers, farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring a lawsuit to the people’s court according to law, and the relevant people’s government and its relevant departments or the people’s court shall accept it according to law.

　　The people’s courts and judicial administrative authorities shall provide legal aid to farmers in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Chapter X Rural Economic Development　

　　Article 79 The state adheres to the principle of coordinated development between urban and rural areas, supports the development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, adjusts and optimizes the rural economic structure, increases farmers’ income, promotes the all-round development of rural economy and gradually narrows the gap between urban and rural areas.

　　Article 80 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to develop township enterprises, support the development of agriculture and transfer surplus agricultural labor.

　　The State shall improve the supporting measures for the development of township enterprises and guide them to optimize their structure, update their technology and improve their quality.

　　Article 81 The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the local economic development level, location advantages and resource conditions, and in accordance with the principles of rational layout, scientific planning and land conservation, focus on promoting the construction of small towns in rural areas.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels should pay attention to the use of market mechanisms, improve corresponding policies, attract farmers and social funds to invest in the development and construction of small towns, develop secondary and tertiary industries, and guide the relatively centralized development of township enterprises.

　　Article 82 The state shall take measures to guide the rural surplus labor force to flow in a reasonable and orderly way between urban and rural areas and regions. Local people’s governments at all levels shall protect the legitimate rights and interests of rural laborers entering urban employment according to law, and shall not set unreasonable restrictions, and those that have been set shall be cancelled.

　　Article 83 The state gradually improves the rural social relief system to ensure the basic livelihood of rural five-guarantee households, poor disabled farmers, poor elderly farmers and other farmers who have lost their ability to work.

　　Article 84 The state encourages and supports farmers to consolidate and develop rural cooperative medical care and other forms of medical security, so as to improve farmers’ health.

　　Article 85 The state assists poor areas to improve the conditions for economic development and helps them to carry out economic development. The people’s governments at the provincial level shall, according to the overall objectives and requirements of the state on supporting poverty-stricken areas, formulate poverty alleviation and development plans and organize their implementation.

　　People’s governments at all levels should adhere to the development-oriented poverty alleviation policy, organize farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations in poverty-stricken areas to rationally use poverty alleviation funds, change poverty and backwardness by relying on their own strength, and guide farmers in poverty-stricken areas to adjust their economic structure and develop local resources. Poverty alleviation and development should adhere to the combination of resource protection and ecological construction, and promote the coordinated development and overall progress of economy and society in poverty-stricken areas.

　　Article 86 The central and provincial governments should include the investment in poverty alleviation and development in the annual financial budget, and increase it year by year, and increase the financial transfer payment and construction capital investment in poverty-stricken areas.

　　The state encourages and supports financial institutions, other enterprises, institutions and individuals to invest funds to support the development and construction of poverty-stricken areas.

　　It is forbidden for any unit or individual to intercept or misappropriate poverty alleviation funds. Audit institutions should strengthen the audit supervision of poverty alleviation funds.

　　Chapter XI Law Enforcement Supervision　

　　Article 87 People’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to gradually improve the agricultural administrative management system that meets the requirements of the development of the socialist market economy.

　　The agricultural administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the relevant administrative departments shall strengthen their responsibilities of planning, guidance, management, coordination, supervision and service, administer according to law and enforce the law impartially.

　　Agricultural administrative departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall improve the administrative law enforcement team within the scope of their duties, implement comprehensive law enforcement, and improve the efficiency and level of law enforcement.

　　Eighty-eighth agricultural administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their law enforcement officers have the right to take the following measures when performing their duties of law enforcement supervision and inspection:

　　(a) require the inspected units or individuals to explain the situation and provide relevant documents, licenses and materials;

　　(2) Ordering the units or individuals under inspection to stop their acts in violation of this Law and perform their legal obligations.

　　Agricultural administrative law enforcement personnel shall, when performing their duties of supervision and inspection, show their administrative law enforcement certificates to the inspected units or individuals and abide by the law enforcement procedures. The relevant units or individuals shall cooperate with agricultural administrative law enforcement personnel to perform their duties according to law, and shall not refuse or hinder them.

　　Eighty-ninth agricultural administrative departments and agricultural production and business units must be completely separated in institutions, personnel and finance. Agricultural administrative departments and their staff shall not participate in and engage in agricultural production and business activities.

　　Chapter XII Legal Liability　

　　Article 90 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, infringes upon farmers’ and agricultural production and operation organizations’ land contractual management rights and other property rights or other legitimate rights and interests shall stop the infringement and restore the original state; If losses or damages are caused, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　State functionaries who infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations by taking advantage of their positions or in other names shall compensate for the losses, and shall be given administrative sanctions by their units or the competent authorities at higher levels.

　　Article 91 Whoever violates the provisions of Articles 19, 25, 62 and 71 of this Law shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws or administrative regulations.

　　Article 92 In case of any of the following acts, the competent authority at a higher level shall order it to return the withheld or misappropriated funds within a time limit, confiscate the illegal income, and the competent authority at a higher level or the unit to which it belongs shall give administrative sanctions to the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 33 of this law, interception and misappropriation of grain purchase funds;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 39 of this law, interception and misappropriation of financial funds and credit funds for agriculture;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 86 of this law, interception and misappropriation of poverty alleviation funds.

　　Article 93 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 67 of this Law, illegally collects fees, fines or apportions from farmers or agricultural production and operation organizations shall be stopped by the competent authority at a higher level and announced; If money has been collected or manpower and material resources have been used, the competent authority at a higher level shall order it to return the money already collected within a time limit or the used manpower and material resources at a discount, and the competent authority at a higher level or the unit to which it belongs shall give administrative sanctions to the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; If the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 94 In case of any of the following acts, the competent authority at a higher level shall order it to stop the illegal act, impose administrative sanctions on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel, and order it to return the illegally collected fund-raising, taxes or fees:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of Article 68 of this law, illegal fund-raising, reaching standards, upgrading and acceptance activities in rural areas;

　　(2) In violation of the provisions of Article 69 of this Law, collecting taxes from farmers by illegal means;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of article seventieth of this law, through rural primary and secondary schools to farmers in excess of the project fees.

　　Article 95 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 73 of this Law, forces farmers to do their work with capital shall be ordered by the township (town) people’s government to make corrections and return the illegally collected funds.

　　Article 96 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 74 of this Law, forces farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to accept paid services shall be ordered by the relevant people’s government to make corrections and return the illegally collected fees; If the circumstances are serious, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions; If losses are caused to farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Article 97 Any staff member of the agricultural administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level who participates in and engages in agricultural production and operation activities in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions　

　　Article 98 The provisions of this Law concerning farmers shall apply to the employees of state-owned farms, pastures, forest farms, fishing grounds and other enterprises and institutions engaged in contracted management.

　　Article 99 This Law shall come into force as of March 1, 2003.