Photo courtesy of vision china

　　1.54 billion yuan

　　In addition to ancient buildings and transportation infrastructure, the project achievements have been applied to many other livelihood projects, such as the isolation and reinforcement projects of important buildings such as primary and secondary schools and hospitals, and the construction projects of high-rise isolation residential areas. There are more than 60 projects of various categories, with a total construction area of about 3.36 million square meters and direct economic benefits of 1.54 billion yuan.

　　Key words of "people’s livelihood" in science and technology awards ③

　　2021 is the 45th anniversary of the Tangshan earthquake. In the past half century, in order to cope with the challenges caused by the earthquake and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property, the scientific and industrial circles have made great efforts. Since 1990s, isolation has gradually become one of the important concepts in the field of disaster reduction and resistance.

　　At the 2020 National Science and Technology Awards Conference held a few days ago, the project "Key Technology and Engineering Application of High Performance Isolation Building Series" won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. The project was jointly completed by Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southeast University, China Institute of Building Science, Beijing Institute of Architectural Design and Research, China Institute of Building Standards Design and Research, Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Hongji New Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. The appraisal by the expert committee shows that the achievements of the project have reached the international advanced level, among which the design method of high-performance isolation buildings and high-performance isolation devices have reached the international leading level. The results of the project have been applied to many major projects.

　　What is isolation, how to understand the "high performance" in the project, and which major livelihood projects have applied high performance isolation technology? The reporter of Science and Technology Daily contacted a number of relevant units and asked them to give professional answers to these questions.

　　The core feature of seismic isolation is "being flexible and being rigid"

　　"Isolation is like stepping on a building ‘ Roller skates ’ 。” At the exhibition of application technology achievements of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief held in July 2021, the staff from Zhen ‘an Technology, a manufacturer of seismic isolation, introduced the characteristics of seismic isolation technology to the reporter of Science and Technology Daily. "The traditional concept of building earthquake resistance is to play hardball, ‘ Make rigidity with rigidity ’ The main means is to increase the physical strength of the members, which will lead to stronger earthquake action of the superstructure. The core concept of seismic isolation technology is ‘ Take Roukegang ’ Isolation devices, such as rubber bearings and dampers, are installed between the foundation or substructure of the building and the superstructure to reduce the seismic energy input to the superstructure, which can reduce the seismic action to 1/4 to 1/8. "

　　The physical model demonstrated in the field shows that when an earthquake occurs, the superstructure with isolation device only moves in parallel with a relatively small amplitude, while the building without isolation technology shakes much more violently. "This is the basic principle of isolation." The staff introduced.

　　However, this simple model is not enough to present the complete connotation of isolation technology. In reality, the application of technology must deal with all kinds of complex needs and scenes, such as high-rise residential buildings, hospitals, subways and historical buildings, which all have different conditions and requirements for isolation technology. In the design and construction of isolated buildings, there have been four major problems in the world for a long time, such as lack of applicability of design theory, lack of systematicness of design technology, lack of efficiency of key devices and lack of standardization of quality control. Therefore, the project "Key Technology and Engineering Application of High Performance Isolation Building Series" came into being, aiming at solving a series of key problems about high performance isolation technology.

　　There are both theoretical breakthroughs and practical applications

　　In view of the four long-standing problems, the project has mainly realized four innovations, namely, the design theory of high-performance isolation structure, the multi-objective integrated design technology of isolation structure, a series of high-performance isolation devices with adjustable functions, and the quality control technology of isolation building construction, and edited a series of standards.

　　"Our project lasted for more than 20 years and produced a lot of results, with rich content." In an exclusive interview with Science and Technology Daily, Guo Tong, the second winner of the award-winning project and a professor at the School of Civil Engineering of Southeast University, explained that the project has published 166 papers, won 30 invention patents and published 5 works, and the results have been applied to more than 60 important projects.

　　"For example, we have developed a variety of high-performance isolation bearings, such as rubber bearings with ultra-low modulus and high damping, adjustable and low-frequency sensitive composite isolation bearings, and new tension-controllable isolation bearings. In addition to bearings, there are other devices, such as adjustable viscous dampers and large deformation flexible pipes, which are our achievements in device research and development. However, the project results are not only the device, but also the design theory, design technology and quality standards. " Guo Tong added.

　　As the second completion unit of the award-winning project, Southeast University took the lead in completing a number of project achievements, covering the main aspects of the above four innovations. In addition to innovation in design and theory, the project has many achievements in engineering application and promotion, and many of these achievements have already landed and become a part of people’s livelihood projects in daily life.

　　It has been widely used in people’s livelihood projects

　　"Add the bottom" to the ancient building and "add the cover" to the subway … … Among the application achievements of the project "Key Technology and Engineering Application of High Performance Isolation Building Series", there are many such "ingenious pens".

　　In 1933, at the initiative of Cai Yuanpei and others, the Humanities Museum of the National Central Museum was completed in Nanjing, which is today’s Nanjing Museum. With the help of seismic isolation technology, this 80-year-old national key cultural relics protection building has become more "young" — — With the advanced technologies such as integral lifting (3m) and seismic isolation and reinforcement, the seismic level of the building has been effectively improved, the appearance and features have not been damaged, and the internal space of the building has also been expanded, giving cultural protection units and visitors more margin. After the completion of the project, the Disaster Prevention Research Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development included this reinforcement of Nanjing Museum as a classic case and also selected it as the cover of the published series.

　　In another famous historical and cultural city, Beijing, thousands of miles away, the achievements of isolation technology also show their talents. Compared with Nanjing, some natural and human conditions in Beijing are more complicated: being in an earthquake-prone area, earthquakes have been frequent since ancient times; It has the longest subway system in the world; There is a large population and the intensive land use of transportation hubs is tight. Seismic isolation technology plays a key role in the construction of high-performance buildings. In Beijing Metro Line 6 Kunyufu, Line 8 Park Yuefu and Line 16 Beian River Cover, the key technologies of complex high-rise isolation structures have been popularized and applied, with an application area of 890,000 square meters, which is the largest cover isolation building complex in the world at present.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned subway superstructure isolation building, there is also a major infrastructure project in Beijing that adopts the project results. According to the data provided by China Institute of Building Standards Design and Research, the fifth completion unit of the project, the national industry standard of Flexible Pipeline for Building Isolation edited by this unit has been applied to the high-performance isolation device of Beijing Daxing Airport. Daxing Airport, located on the southern extension line of Beijing’s central axis, is the largest single isolation building in the world at present. A total of 1,152 sets of isolation devices are used in the terminal building, and the rubber isolation bearings used are the highest in China, both in volume and tonnage of a single bearing.

　　A major feature of Daxing Airport is that different means of transportation can transfer at the same station, and the negative second floor of the terminal is used for high-speed rail, subway and intercity trains. The high-speed entry and exit of trains will produce strong vibration and large wind pressure, which is also one of the difficulties that isolation technology in China has overcome.

　　Guo Tong said that in addition to ancient buildings and transportation infrastructure, the results of the project are also applied to many other livelihood projects, such as the isolation and reinforcement projects of important buildings such as primary and secondary schools and hospitals, and the construction projects of high-rise isolation residential areas, such as the Tianyang Innovation City project in Yanjiao, Hebei Province, with a total area of about 1.14 million square meters, and the Xichang Territory project in Sichuan Province, which is located near the fault in the 9-degree zone (the earthquake amplification factor is 1.5). There are more than 60 projects of various categories, with a total construction area of about 3.36 million square meters and direct economic benefits of 1.54 billion yuan.

　　According to the data of Sichuan Seismological Bureau, as early as 2015, the total number of buildings applying isolation technology in China has exceeded 6,000, accounting for half of the world, more than 5,000 in Japan, ranking first in the world. The staff of Zhen ‘an Science and Technology said that at present, there are more than 10,000 buildings applying isolation technology in China.

　　Guo Tong commented that as an efficient means of structural earthquake prevention, isolation technology has broad application prospects in the future. Technicians are still developing various isolation devices with excellent performance and expanding their application scope, contributing to improving the city’s disaster prevention capability.

　　◎ Intern reporter Sun Mingyuan

In order to implement2017Central Committee inoneDocument No.1, National Agricultural Modernization Plan (2016—2020) and the implementation opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and give full play to the basic and leading role of crop varieties in promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side. We are hereby notified as follows to speed up the new round of crop variety upgrading.

First, fully understand the importance and urgency of carrying out a new round of crop variety upgrading.

Excellent varieties are the core carrier of agricultural science and technology, and every breakthrough in varieties has promoted the leap-forward development of agricultural production. Since the founding of New China, crop varieties have experiencedseven?eightThe coverage rate of improved varieties of crops has reached.96%The contribution rate of varieties to agricultural production increase exceeds43%. The upgrading of fine varieties has made outstanding contributions to ensuring national food security, promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers’ income. At present, China’s agricultural and rural development has entered a new historical stage, which puts forward new requirements for crop varieties. Seed industry is the leading industry in the structural reform of agricultural supply side and the development of modern agriculture, and it is of great significance to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.

(1) To further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.The structural reform of agricultural supply side puts forward new requirements for stabilizing grain production, promoting structural adjustment and promoting green development. According to the planting structure adjustment layout of stabilizing grain, optimizing economy and expanding feeding, promoting structural adjustment in the "sickle bend" area and the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, accelerating the development of advantageous industries and vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, a number of new varieties with green ecology, high quality and safety, special features, high yield and high efficiency are urgently needed. However, for a long time, the problem of "more high-yield varieties, less high-quality special varieties, more food crops, less cash crops, more resource-consuming varieties and less resource-saving varieties" in China’s crop varieties has been unable to adapt to the new situation of structural reform on the agricultural supply side, and it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.

(B) vigorously develop modern agriculture, there is an urgent need to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.At present, the acceleration of rural labor transfer, the tightening of resource and environment constraints, and the frequent occurrence of natural climate disasters have seriously restricted the development of agricultural production. It is very urgent to change the mode of agricultural development and develop modern agriculture. Developing agriculture with moderate scale operation and high efficiency also puts forward new requirements for varieties. At present, most of the varieties promoted are varieties suitable for labor-intensive production, high water, fertilizer and medicine management and popularization, which are inconsistent with the requirements of developing modern agriculture. It is urgent to cultivate and promote a number of new varieties suitable for mechanized production, light and simplified cultivation, multi-resistance and wide adaptability, high quality and safety, and special and special use.

(C) To enhance the competitiveness of seed industry, it is urgent to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading.At present, the international seed giants are accelerating their integration, and the trend of global seed resources and market monopoly is intensifying. However, the problem of homogenization of crop varieties and disconnection from the market in China is more prominent and lacks international competitiveness. The structural reform of agricultural supply side and the development of modern agriculture provide unprecedented market space for the development of seed industry, which is conducive to establishing a variety innovation system with enterprises as the main body, accelerating the integration of seed industry resources and markets, promoting enterprises to become bigger and stronger, enhancing the competitiveness of seed industry and ensuring the safety of seeds used in agricultural production.

Two, clear the general idea and principle of the new round of crop variety upgrading.

(A) the overall thinking

We must adhere to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, closely focus on promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side, aim at optimizing supply, improving quality and efficiency, and increasing farmers’ income, take green development as the guide, take reform and innovation as the driving force, start from the production side and supply side, innovate the system and mechanism, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, and give full play to the basic public welfare R&D advantages of scientific research units. Work together to build a two-wheel drive modern seed industry innovation system, accelerate the cultivation and promotion of a number of new varieties with green ecology, high quality and safety, multi-resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high efficiency, and special use, and accelerate the new round of crop variety upgrading.

Strive to complete a new round of crop variety upgrading by the end of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", and the coverage rate of improved varieties will reach.ninety-seven percentAbove, the contribution rate of varieties to agricultural quality improvement and efficiency improvement exceeds50%. Among them, the variety replacement rate of rice, wheat and corn grain production functional areas exceeded60%; The variety renewal rate of soybean, cotton, rapeseed, sugar cane, natural rubber and other important agricultural products production protection areas exceeds40%; The variety renewal rate of dominant areas of characteristic agricultural products such as miscellaneous grains, miscellaneous beans, vegetables, fruits, tea, flowers and Chinese herbal medicines exceedsthirty percent. On the basis of existing varieties, the quality rate of varieties should be improved.10%Above; The drought resistance and water use efficiency of varieties are obviously improved, and water is saved.5%Above; The fertilizer requirement is obviously reduced, and the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced.10%Above; The disease resistance and insect resistance are obviously enhanced, and the dosage of pesticides is reduced.15%Above.

(2) Basic principles

Adhere to market orientation.To speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading, seed enterprises and scientific research and teaching units should start with the final decision, scientifically determine breeding objectives according to market needs, and accelerate variety innovation; Agricultural authorities at all levels and seed management institutions should take market demand as the guide, constantly reform and improve various management systems such as variety approval, filing and registration, innovate working mechanisms, and provide quality services for variety innovation and promotion.

Adhere to the main body of enterprises.It is necessary to speed up a new round of crop variety upgrading with enterprises as the main body, and give full play to the main role of enterprises in variety innovation, achievement transformation, demonstration and promotion and industrial development by integrating resources in all aspects of education, reproduction, promotion and marketing.

Adhere to independent innovation.Give full play to the advantages of China as a big country in agricultural germplasm resources, make good use of two kinds of resources and two markets at home and abroad, give priority to independent innovation, supplemented by introduction, continuously improve the innovation ability and level of varieties, and ensure the safety and quality of varieties used for upgrading.

Adhere to government guidance.Give full play to the role of the government in planning and layout, policy support, finance and insurance, strengthen variety management, demonstration and promotion, seed market supervision and intellectual property protection, and create a healthy and orderly environment for variety upgrading.

Third, the key tasks of the new round of crop variety upgrading

(a) deepen the joint research of major scientific research on improved varieties and accelerate the cultivation of new varieties.While continuing to deepen the joint research on national-level improved varieties focusing on food crops such as rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, all localities should actively promote the joint research on provincial-level improved varieties focusing on cash crops and local specialty crops. It is necessary to constantly explore and innovate the joint research mechanism, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises, give full play to the advantages of enterprises in operating mechanism and capital scale, as well as the advantages of scientific research institutions and universities in resources and talents. Through enterprises’ integration of resources in seed industry, we will open up the whole industry chain of basic theoretical and technological research, germplasm resources mining, breeding material creation, variety selection, seed production and management, improved seed demonstration and promotion, technical services and product transformation, and establish a modern seed industry innovation system combining Industry-University-Research.

(2) Optimize the management of crop varieties and accelerate the commercialization of new varieties.We should emancipate our minds, change our concepts, shift the management focus from pre-licensing to post-event supervision, set up more road signs and fewer roadblocks, so as to standardize the market order and stimulate market vitality. The national and provincial variety approval committees should adjust the index system and standards of variety approval in a timely manner according to market needs and encourage variety innovation; It is necessary to continuously broaden the variety test channels and standardize the management of consortium test and green channel test; It is necessary to optimize the examination and approval procedures and improve the examination and approval efficiency; It is necessary to actively and scientifically carry out the introduction and filing of the same ecological area and accelerate the promotion of excellent varieties. It is necessary to implement the registration system for non-major crop varieties, do a good job in the registration of crop varieties such as miscellaneous grains, beans, melons, fruits and vegetables, tea, etc., standardize the management of dominant and characteristic crop varieties, and promote the healthy development of related industries. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of variety safety, revoke the examination and approval or registration of varieties with safety defects in time, forcibly withdraw from the market, protect farmers’ interests and ensure industrial safety. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the protection of new plant varieties, further expand the scope of protection list, broaden the channels for variety testing, optimize the protection process of new varieties, increase protection efforts and improve protection efficiency; Accelerate the revision of the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties and improve the protection level of original innovative varieties. It is necessary to strengthen the connection between variety approval, variety registration and new variety protection, and build a unified variety throughout the country.DNAFingerprint database provides scientific basis for strengthening seed market supervision and standardizing market order.

(three) improve the variety demonstration and tracking evaluation system, accelerate the promotion of new varieties.It is necessary to combine the functional areas of grain production, the production protection areas of important agricultural products, the advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products and the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, and rely on seed management institutions at all levels to improve the national, provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), city and county-level variety display and demonstration and promotion variety tracking and evaluation system, so as to combine good varieties, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and supporting services. Actively explore the new mechanism of variety display and demonstration with seed enterprises or enterprises alone, so as to connect offline display with online sales. It is necessary to organize new business entities and farmers to carry out on-site observation and technical training, and use new media and other channels to increase publicity and accelerate the promotion of new varieties. It is necessary to focus on the follow-up evaluation of approved varieties, registered varieties and registered varieties, and timely release the catalogue of varieties suitable for structural adjustment and related information.

(4) Build a big data platform for seed industry and improve the information service capability.Relying on China Seed Industry Information Network, accelerate the construction of a national unified, efficient, open and transparent seed industry big data platform, and promote online application and information release inquiry of variety testing, testing, validation, registration, protection, introduction and filing, and seed production and operation licensing matters; Timely release domestic and foreign agricultural products information and seed market information, and guide growers to scientifically select marketable crop varieties. Encourage seed enterprises to carry out e-commerce and provide the whole planting service for new business entities and farmers.

Four, strengthen the new round of crop varieties upgrading safeguard measures.

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Agricultural authorities at all levels should take accelerating the new round of crop variety upgrading as a key task to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, strengthen the top-level design, introduce supporting policies and increase financial support in light of local conditions; It is necessary to formulate an implementation plan, refine the objectives and tasks, clarify the division of responsibilities, improve the assessment mechanism, and ensure that the variety upgrading work is in place.

(2) Improve policy support.The competent agricultural departments at all levels actively coordinate the departments of finance, development and reform, formulate supporting policies, increase the support of infrastructure projects and financial projects for the upgrading of varieties, and strengthen the test conditions and test capabilities of varieties.DUSTest capacity and the construction of demonstration bases, promote the implementation of post-variety subsidy policies, and explore the establishment of special funds such as subsidies for healthy seedlings of characteristic crops, subsidies for purification and rejuvenation of conventional crops, and demonstration and demonstration of varieties. At the same time, mobilize social forces, give play to the role of enterprises, and jointly promote the implementation of variety upgrading.

(3) Strengthen market supervision.Clarify and strengthen the seed management function according to law, and implement the territorial responsibility and main responsibility of seed market supervision. Strict qualification of seed production and operation, strengthen the record management of all kinds of subjects in seed production and operation, improve the file system of seed production and operation, the authenticity system of labels and the quarantine system of origin, and standardize administrative behavior. According to the needs of local planting structure adjustment, the seeds and seedlings of miscellaneous grains, beans, melons, fruits and vegetables should be included in the routine supervision scope to ensure the supply of healthy seedlings; We will continue to crack down on illegal activities such as the production and operation of fake and inferior seeds and the infringement of counterfeit cards, strengthen the connection with judicial protection, and protect and encourage original innovation. Strengthen the construction of seed management team and capacity, especially at the county level, ensure the funds for seed management, and improve the supervision and service capacity of seed industry.

(4) Pay attention to publicity and guidance.Make full use of radio, television, newspapers, Internet and other propaganda media, systematically publicize and report the good practices, good models, good varieties, new experiences, new mechanisms and new achievements in the new round of crop variety upgrading, and create a good public opinion atmosphere.

The first commodity was named lifan 520. On March 3, 2014, Iranian state-owned automobile industry manufacturers held the exit ceremony of Lifan automobile assembly production line, which meant that Lifan automobile’s assembly car manufacturing in Iran was fully launched. Lifan plans to complete the project here with an annual output of 150,000 cars, and establish an automobile manufacturing center and an automobile research institute with 200,000 automobile engines according to the current policy of automobile industry development planning. The new Lifan car project will cost 2.4 billion yuan in three phases, 900 million yuan in the first phase, 800 million yuan in the second phase and 700 million yuan in the third phase.