CCTV News:Buses in Changxing, Zhejiang Province took the elderly out of the countryside, while in Chenzhou, Hunan Province, a passenger bus that entered the village was "transformed" into a courier van because of a large number of online shopping by villagers.

In Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, at 4 pm every day, urban and rural bus drivers have to drive their vehicles from the city to Feitian Village, Suxian District, 28 kilometers away. Different from other trains of the day, there are many online shopping couriers in this car.

Lin Bo, bus driver of Yi Lin Bus Co., Ltd., Chenzhou, Hunan Province:The company uses the 4 o’clock in the afternoon to deliver express delivery. For each express delivery, we have a subsidy of 10 cents and a monthly income of several hundred dollars.

After the "passenger and freight mail" bus entered the village, it ignited the "online shopping craze" of the villagers. From sofas and home appliances to nail clippers, this express delivery point in Feitian Mountain Village has more than 20 express deliveries from local people online every day.

Cao Xijuan, a villager from Feitian Village, Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province:I have never used an air fryer before, but now I want to buy it and try it. Nowadays, online shopping is very convenient, and it will take two or three days to arrive. The TV, washing machine and refrigerator at home are all online shopping.

The number of village-level delivery service points like this has expanded to 825 in Chenzhou in the past three years, covering 1342 villages with a coverage rate of 96.96%. In the whole year of 2022, the rural express delivery business in Chenzhou completed 16,959,200 pieces.

　　According to the WeChat official account message of WeChat released by Shenyang, in order to further improve the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Shenyang and ensure the life safety and health of people in Shencheng, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of COVID-19, Shenyang is scheduled to carry out the third round of nucleic acid sampling for permanent population, temporary population and floating population within the city from 7: 00 on March 22nd to 12: 00 on March 23rd. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　1. Please ask the general public to stay relatively still in their places of residence, and go to the designated sampling points for nucleic acid testing in batches, at different times and in an orderly manner under the arrangement of local streets (towns) and communities (villages), and complete the sampling work according to the guidance of the staff. Wear a mask all the time, don’t talk to others, and keep a distance of more than 1 meter. Please pay attention to the weather changes and travel safety.

　　Two, in order to ensure the effect of all the staff of nucleic acid testing, during the sampling period, the city’s organs, enterprises and institutions to promote home office. If you can’t work at home, the unit should fulfill the main responsibility of the unit and actively and orderly organize its employees to sample at the nearest nucleic acid testing sampling point.

　　Third, when sampling, please take the initiative to show the "Liaoshitong Health Code". Old people and children who don’t or can’t use smart phones, please ask their families and neighbors to show their codes on their behalf, and they can also bring their ID cards or household registration books.

　　Fourth, before the test results come out, please consciously abide by the requirements of the current epidemic prevention and control in Shenyang, and do not go out or gather unless necessary.

　　5. Those who do not participate in this round of full-scale nucleic acid testing will be given a "yellow code" for Liaoshitong Health Code. For those who refuse to cooperate, participate in nucleic acid testing as required, disturb the order, conceal, lie or falsify information and cause the spread of the epidemic, the public security organs will strictly investigate the legal responsibility according to law.

　　6. At 12 o’clock on March 22nd to 23rd, Shenyang suspended the operation of subways, trams and regular buses, and resumed operation at 12 o’clock on the 23rd.

Team Xiang Ye of Medical College made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

Li Pilong’s research group of School of Life and Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College cooperated to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

The Engineering Laboratory of Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and put forward a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, issued a report on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices by dielectric integrated optical doping.

Fang Xianyang’s research group of School of Life has made new progress in the solution structure study of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of the School of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

Zhong Yi’s research group of School of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

Xiao Bailong from the School of Pharmacy and Li Xueming from the School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

Team Xiang Ye of Tsinghua Medical College has made a breakthrough in the research of African swine fever virus.

On September 17th, a team led by Xiang Ye, an associate professor hired by Tsinghua University Medical Dean and a researcher at Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, published an academic paper entitled "Structure of the African Swine fever virus major capsid protein p72" online in Cell Research. In this study, the high-resolution structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 was analyzed for the first time by the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of single particle by cryoelectron microscope, and the possible assembly mechanism of African classical swine fever virus capsid was revealed, which laid a solid foundation for the development of African classical swine fever virus subunit vaccine.

African swine fever virus originated in Africa, and the mortality rate of domestic pig infection is nearly 100%, which is a great threat to domestic pig breeding industry and even people’s livelihood and economy. African swine fever virus has spread rapidly from Africa to Europe, South America and some parts of Asia in the past few decades. In August 2018, African swine fever virus infection was found in northeast China, and soon the virus spread to most parts of the country, causing economic losses of more than 100 billion yuan. At present, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines and epidemic prevention measures to control and prevent African swine fever virus. In response to the urgent needs of the country, Tsinghua University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure took the lead, and more than a dozen research groups from Peking University, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Pasteur Institute and other units began to tackle key problems of African swine fever virus in April this year.

▲ Structure of African classical swine fever virus: a. Simulate the capsid structure of African classical swine fever virus produced by virus assembly according to the capsid protein p72 structure of African classical swine fever virus; B freeze electron microscopic structure of African classical swine fever virus capsid protein p72 trimer.

African swine fever virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with complex structure. Its genome is protected by two capsids and two outer membranes. The capsids are mainly composed of virus coding protein p72. According to previous experimental data, p72 accounts for about 33% of the total weight of virus particles, and p72 is the main antigen that can be detected in the blood of infected pigs. At the initial stage of studying p72 protein, Xiang Ye’s research group found that p72 protein with correct folding conformation could not be obtained by recombinant expression of p72 protein alone, and only when p72 was co-expressed with another helper protein B602L encoded by African swine fever, could the p72 protein with correct folding conformation be obtained. On this premise, the research team determined the high-resolution 3-D structure of p72 protein of 2.67 angstrom (above) by using the method of single particle 3-D reconstruction with cryoelectron microscope. The results showed that three p72 molecules formed a stable trimer form. Each p72 contains two pancake-like domains connected in series, and each domain consists of eight β-folded sheets, which is very common in the capsid protein structure of icosahedral virus. The six cake-like structures of trimer p72 together form a pseudo-hexamer whose bottom is anchored on the inner membrane of the virus. The inserted fragments between trimer p72 folded sheets together form a propeller-like top structure that extends out of the virus, which is most likely the receptor binding area on the cell surface.

There have been many attempts to study subunit vaccines based on p72 protein of African classical swine fever virus, but no satisfactory results have been obtained. The failure of previous studies is probably due to the failure to use the correctly folded p72 protein. Obtaining the correctly folded p72 protein and determining its high-resolution structure are helpful to develop drugs targeting virus capsid assembly and subunit vaccines. At present, the research and development and evaluation of p72 subunit vaccine are being closely carried out by Tsinghua University and Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Associate Professor Xiang Ye is the correspondent of this article. Liu Qi, a 2014 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life Union Center, is the first author of this paper. Ma Bingting, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Xiangye Laboratory, Associate Professor Tan Xu from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and their laboratory members Qian Nianchao and Zhang Fan, and Professor Lei Jianlin, director of the cryo-electron microscope platform of Tsinghua University Life College, participated in this work.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-019-0232-x

Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Medical College to report the new mechanism of histone modification regulating chromatin compartmentalization by promoting phase separation.

On September 16th, Li Pilong’s research group of Tsinghua University Life College cooperated with Li Haitao’s research group of Tsinghua University Medical College. An academic article entitled "Histone modifications regulate chromatin compartmentalization by contributing to a phase separation mechanism" was published in Molecular Cell.

Eukaryotic cells use many membrane-bound organelles to distinguish biochemical reactions in order to better regulate space and time. For example, their genomes are enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle, namely the nucleus, in order to better control the genetic information flow. In the nucleus, the genome is further regulated to form many compartments or regions, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Judging from some of their characteristics, these dynamic solid compartments are similar to membraneless organelles. Many protein that play a role in chromatin compartmentalization have the inherent ability of liquid-liquid separation, such as human heterochromatin protein HP1α and Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1a. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that chromatin compartmentalization is formed by liquid-liquid separation. However, the previous studies can’t explain why the other two homologous proteins, HP1β and HP1γ, of human heterochromatin protein HP1α, which can’t be separated by themselves or from DNA, perform similar functions, and whether the formation of constitutive heterochromatin is regulated by the liquid-liquid separation mechanism formed by multivalent interaction between multivalent HP1 protein complex and multivalent histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3).

▲ Liquid-liquid separation mediated by multivalent interaction between H3K9me3 on nucleosome string and CD of HP1 complex promotes the formation of heterochromatin compartments.

In this work, Li Pilong and Li Haitao’s research group cooperated to prove that in vitro, the modification of histone H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3) and the multivalent interaction of recognizing its modified HP1 chromatin domain Chromodomain(CD) can lead to the formation of heterochromatin. The authors used two polyvalent HP1-CD complexes, the key chromatin fragment (NE) extracted from human nucleus and the nucleosome string (NA) modified by H3K9me3 in vitro as experimental systems. Several evidences show that the formation of these droplets is mediated by liquid-liquid separation. The resulting droplets are reminiscent of the dynamic behavior of heterochromatin and its response to biochemical regulation and mutant phenotype. The author concludes that the liquid-liquid separation driven by multivalent H3K9me3/CD interaction is the key force for the formation of heterochromatin in cells. To sum up, this study proposed a general mechanism of histone labeling regulating chromosome compartmentalization by promoting liquid-liquid separation.

Li Pilong and Li Haitao are co-authors of this article. Wang Liang, a 2015 Ph.D. student from Tsinghua University Life College, Gao Yifei, a 2016 Ph.D. student from Medical College, and Zheng Xiangdong, a postdoctoral fellow from Medical College, are the co-first authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(19)30658-6

Cheng Gong Laboratory of Tsinghua Medical College reported the key factors regulating the spread of dengue virus and proposed a new anti-dengue blocking strategy.

On September 16th, Professor Cheng Gong from Tsinghua University Medical College published an academic paper entitled "Host serum iron modulations of dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes" (doi: 10.1038/S41564-019-0555-) in Nature Microbiology. This study found for the first time that the iron content in human serum is the key factor to regulate the transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes, and put forward an anti-dengue transmission blocking strategy based on iron supplementation.

Dengue fever is one of the most widespread viral infectious diseases in the world. Dengue virus is carried by mosquitoes and spread to people. At present, dengue fever has been prevalent in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, about 2.5 billion people in the world live in areas threatened by dengue infection, 390 million people are infected or repeatedly infected with dengue virus every year, and 500-1 million people are hospitalized. Dengue fever has become the largest insect-borne viral infectious disease in the world. In recent 20 years, the epidemic trend of dengue fever in the world has intensified, which has become a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary vectors of dengue virus transmission in nature. This kind of mosquitoes are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, but the epidemic trend of dengue fever is not completely consistent with the distribution of mosquitoes, and there are obvious population and regional differences in dengue fever. Identifying the key factors affecting the spread of dengue virus is a key scientific problem to be answered in this field.

Mosquitoes can acquire viruses from infected hosts by sucking blood. Within a few days after mosquitoes suck blood, the infected person’s blood is quickly digested. At the same time, the virus in the blood infects the intestinal epithelial cells of mosquitoes and spreads into the body cavity of mosquitoes, so that mosquitoes have the ability to spread viruses. The above two processes are highly coincident in time, so researchers speculate that host blood factors or blood metabolites can regulate the process of virus infection in mosquitoes, and ultimately determine the vector efficiency of mosquitoes carrying and spreading viruses. Through a series of screening, it was found for the first time that the iron ion content in the host serum was highly negatively correlated with the ability of mosquitoes to acquire virus by blood-sucking, and it was proved that the iron ion concentration in the serum was the key negative regulatory factor to inhibit mosquitoes from acquiring virus infection. The results of further research show that iron ions in serum can be directly utilized by the iron metabolism system of intestinal cells after entering the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, which inhibits the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in cells, leading to a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes, and finally inhibits the infection and amplification of viruses in mosquitoes (Figure 1).

▲ Figure 1. Host serum iron ions can increase the level of reactive oxygen species in the intestinal tract of mosquitoes and inhibit the infection of dengue virus in mosquitoes by inhibiting the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in intestinal cells.

Iron deficiency is a nutritional problem widely existing in nature. According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is widely distributed in Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and other regions. By comparison, it can be found that the distribution area of iron deficiency is highly coincident with the epidemic area of dengue fever, so the researchers speculate that the iron deficiency state of the population is closely related to the epidemic of dengue virus. In the subsequent study, it was found that the low iron state of the host can promote mosquitoes to infect the virus during blood feeding, and iron supplementation to the low iron host can block the spread of the virus. It shows that universal iron supplementation is an effective means to cut off the spread of dengue virus in nature, which will provide a new prevention and control idea and strategy for dengue virus prevention and control.

▲ Figure 2. Iron supplementation to the host can block mosquitoes from carrying and spreading dengue virus.

Professor Cheng Gong of Tsinghua University Medical College is the correspondent of this paper, and Zhu Yibin, a postdoctoral fellow of Tsinghua University Medical College, is the first author. Professor Wang Penghua from the Medical College of the University of Connecticut, Professor Liu Qiyong from the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Professor Bian Zhongqi from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the 920th Hospital of China People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Professor Itsanun Wiwatanaratanabutr from Thailand Xianhuang Institute of Technology, and Wu Tianshi, deputy chief physician of Tsinghua University School Hospital, are the collaborators of this paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0555-x

The research group of Li Yue, Department of Electronics, Tsinghua, published a report in Nature Communication on the realization of near-zero exponential concept devices through dielectric integrated optical doping.

On September 11th, the research group of Associate Professor Li Yue of Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering published a research paper entitled "Substance-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices" in Nature Communications. It is the first time to propose an optical doping method that can be integrated with dielectric to realize functional devices with near-zero exponential electromagnetic characteristics, which provides a new design method for new chip integrated circuits and has potential application value in biosensor, integrated circuits, functional materials and other fields.

▲ Conceptual diagram of dielectric integrated optical doping: (a) linear structure, (b) bending structure.

Near-zero-index device is a kind of functional device based on near-zero index medium. Compared with traditional electromagnetic devices, it has the characteristics of deformation, local adjustment and field enhancement. Electromagnetic wave in near-zero exponential medium presents a special wave effect of spatial static distribution, including near-zero refractive index and group velocity, as well as infinite wavelength and phase velocity. In 2017, Professor Nader Engheta and Associate Professor Li Yue of the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania jointly published an article in the journal Science, proposing the concept of optical doping based on near-zero exponential media for the first time, transplanting doping technology from micro-scale to macro-scale, and regulating the magnetic permeability of equivalent media through doping in non-ordered media, thus realizing multi-modal control such as paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ideal magnet. It is a kind of aperiodic structure.

▲ Experimental observation of optical doping characteristics of dielectric integration: (a) test platform, (b) near-zero reflection, zero phase and high group delay.

Based on the engineering application of the new theory, this paper puts forward an optical doping method based on dielectric integration. Combining with typical integrated circuit technology, the regulation of optical doping on the magnetic characteristics of equivalent media is expressed as the regulation of the electromagnetic response of chip integrated devices, and a variety of near-zero exponential functional devices are realized. For example, a high-sensitivity biosensor with the help of local field enhancement effect in doped media, an efficient photoacoustic modulator with weak mechanical vibration, and an "electric fiber" (analogous to optical fiber) that can be bent and deformed at will and its working frequency remains unchanged. In addition, Li Yue team verified the electromagnetic characteristics of the concept of dielectric integrated optical doping through experiments, and observed zero phase shift, high time delay, position independence of doped media and device shape independence, which were consistent with the analytical theoretical prediction and full-wave simulation results.

The theoretical and experimental work of this thesis was completed in Tsinghua University, and the Department of Electronic Engineering of Tsinghua University was the first unit of this thesis. Li Yue and Nader Enkhtar are the corresponding authors of this article, and Zhou Ziheng, a doctoral student in the Department of Electronic Engineering, is the first author. Other authors include Li Hao and Sun Wangyu, Ph.D. students from Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering, and Dr. Inigo Liberal from Navarre Public University.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12083-y

Fang Xianyang’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life has made new progress in the study of solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus.

On September 10th, Fang Xianyang’s research group of the School of Life cooperated with Qin Chengfeng’s research group of the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medicine. A research paper entitled "Long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has extended 3D structures and is flexible in solution" was published in EMBO Reports. In this paper, the solution structure of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from flavivirus type 2 dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus was reported in detail for the first time.

▲ Flow chart of studying the structure of flavivirus sfRNA solution by SAXS and computational simulation.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which plays a variety of important functions in organisms and is a hot spot in life science research. Like its host, almost all viruses can encode long-chain noncoding RNA. Many mosquito-borne flavivirus, such as dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus, are pathogens that pose a great threat to human health. A large number of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA(sfRNA) will accumulate in the infected host cells, which play an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus and the immune escape from the host.

It is of great significance to study the structure-function of long-chain noncoding RNA, but at present, there is no effective means to study its three-dimensional spatial structure, so the three-dimensional spatial structure information of long-chain noncoding RNA is still very little. The length of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from mosquito-borne flavivirus is between 400 and 500 nucleotides, so it is very difficult to study its structure by using traditional structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance or cryoelectron microscopy. Fang Xianyang’s research team and their collaborators, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering technology and computational simulation, studied the solution structure and flexibility of long-chain non-coding subgenomic RNA from dengue virus type 2, Zika virus and West Nile virus by step-by-step solution. It is found that the long non-coding subgenomic RNA of flavivirus has multiple subdomains, which have an extended three-dimensional spatial structure in solution, modular structural characteristics similar to multi-domain proteins and great flexibility.

It is particularly interesting that the three-dimensional spatial shapes and structures of the dumbbell-shaped domains in series of sfRNA of Dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus based on small-angle X-ray scattering data are significantly different, which is presumed to be caused by the topological differences of their pseudo-knots in series. This inference is confirmed by further computational simulation, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo cell experiments. This study is an active exploration of the three-dimensional structure of long-chain noncoding RNA. The research results of this paper not only provide important structural information for understanding the physiological function of sfRNA, but also show that the integrated structural biology method based on small-angle X-ray scattering and computational simulation is a feasible method for studying the three-dimensional structure of other long-chain noncoding RNA solutions.

Fang Xianyang, researcher of Tsinghua University Life College, and Qin Chengfeng, researcher of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, Institute of Military Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, are co-authors of this article. Zhang Yupeng, a 2013 direct doctoral student of Tsinghua University Life College, Zhang Yikan, a 2016 general doctoral student, Dr. Liu Zhongyu, an associate professor of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, and Cheng Mengli, a master student of Institute of Microbial Epidemiology, are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201847016

Zhu Junming and Xue Lan of Tsinghua University of Public Administration jointly published a document to reveal the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on low-carbon innovation.

On September 9th, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China" online in the international academic journal Nature Communications, and evaluated the effect of the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading in China on promoting enterprise innovation and its mechanism.

Carbon emission trading is a widely concerned market-based carbon emission reduction policy, which has been adopted by many countries and regions in the world and can play an important role in mitigating climate change. At present, the empirical knowledge about the effect of carbon emissions trading policy mainly comes from the study of EU carbon market. However, people still have little understanding of the scope of this market-oriented policy, the influence of interaction with other policies and the changes in the mechanism brought about by policy design, which limits the further promotion and greater role of the policy.

In order to solve this problem, Associate Professor Zhu Junming and Professor Xue Lan from School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University pay close attention to the pilot policy of carbon emission trading in China since 2013, and use enterprise-level data and patent application information to empirically test the influence and potential mechanism of the policy on low-carbon innovation of enterprises by using the methods of matching and double difference. Low-carbon innovation is helpful to get rid of the path dependence on carbon-intensive economy and energy infrastructure, and alleviate the negative impact caused by the uncertain trend of carbon emission reduction, which is very important to achieve stable emission reduction.

▲ Patent application trends of carbon trading enterprises and non-carbon trading enterprises.

It is found that, on the basis of the impact of policies such as energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon pilot projects, carbon emission trading has promoted trading enterprises to increase 1.75 low-carbon patent applications within two years, which is close to the policy effect of two low-carbon patent applications in the EU carbon market within five years, and at the same time, it has increased the applications of other types of patents, especially other green technology patents. The influence scope of the policy goes beyond the carbon emission trading enterprises, and the influence on enterprises that have not been included in carbon trading but may be included in the future is also very significant. It is also found that the innovation behavior of enterprises is not affected by the price of carbon trading, but by the way of quota allocation. This series of research findings provide a reference for the construction of China’s national carbon market.

Associate Professor Zhu Junming from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University is the first author and co-author of the article, while Deng Xinghua, a former postdoctoral fellow in Tsinghua University and now a lecturer at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, is the co-author of the article, and Professor Xue Lan and Fan Yichun, an undergraduate graduate of Tsinghua University and now a master of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are the co-authors of the paper.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12213-6

Zhong Yi’s research group of Tsinghua Institute of Life reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of active forgetting of different memory components.

On September 5th, the research group of Zhong Yi, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Genetic Dissection of Active Forgetting in Labile and Consolidated Memories in Drosophila" in PNAS.

In this paper, the downstream molecular mechanisms of active forgetting of unstable short memory and stable long memory in Drosophila were systematically compared and analyzed for the first time. It was found that the active forgetting of unstable short memory was mediated by Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway, while the active forgetting of stable long memory was mediated by Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway. As Dia and Arp2/3 complex are reported to regulate the linear growth and branching growth of neurofilament skeleton respectively, the research results of this paper provide an interesting possibility: the active forgetting of memory components with different stability may be related to the growth mode of different forms of neurofilament structure.

▲ Analysis of forgetting mechanism of stable memory and unstable memory.

As early as 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist, described the forgetting curve of the human brain for newly acquired memories, and began the journey of human beings to explore the mystery of forgetting. In the following 100 years, many scholars tried to find the mechanism of forgetting by using the method of experimental psychology, and also created a variety of theories to explain the phenomenon of forgetting, but ultimately failed to get a unified answer. As a basic feature of human memory, forgetfulness has been widely studied and reported in psychology, but almost no one cares about it in the research of neurobiology, and it has become a "forgotten corner". The main reason may be that the forgetting process is simply regarded as another description of memory failure, and it is a passive process (if you remember poorly, you will forget quickly, and if you remember well, you will forget slowly), thus ignoring the unique molecular mechanism of forgetting itself.

Until 2010, Professor Zhong Yi’s research group discovered the biological mechanism of active forgetting for the first time, that is, the learning process itself will activate the molecular pathway of forgetting signals to actively forget the formed memories. This active forgetting mechanism does not affect the quality of learning itself, but specifically affects the speed of forgetting acquired memories. Moreover, different memory components will have their own active forgetting mechanisms. For example, in the olfactory punishment learning of Drosophila, one training (5 minutes) can produce two completely different memory components at the same time: unstable anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and relatively stable anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) which lasts for more than one day. Zhong Yi’s research group has found that a study session can activate Rac1 molecule in the small G protein family to erase the unstable anesthetic sensitive memory that lasts for several hours, and activate Cdc42 molecule, another member of the small G protein family, to forget the more stable anti-anesthetic memory that lasts for more than one day. However, the specific downstream molecular pathways of the forgetting mechanism mediated by Rac1 and Cdc42 are not clear.

Recently, the research paper published online by Zhong Yi’s research group analyzed the downstream molecular pathways of these two forgetting mechanisms for the first time: Rac1/WAVE complex/ Dia pathway mediates the active forgetting of short-term memory components (unstable anesthesia-sensitive memories that last for several hours), while Cdc42/WASp/ Arp2/3 complex pathway mediates the active forgetting of long-term memory components (relatively stable anti-anesthesia memories that last for more than one day). Both of these active forgetting mechanisms occur in the mushroom body of the learning and memory center of Drosophila (the mushroom body contains about 4000 neurons, and the whole brain of Drosophila has more than 100 thousand neurons). Interestingly, cell biology research found that Dia was directly responsible for the linear growth of microfilament skeleton, while Arp2/3 complex was responsible for the branching growth of microfilament skeleton. This suggests that the active forgetting function of different memory components may be related to different forms of dynamic changes in the microfilament skeleton structure of neurons. On the one hand, these research results bring the academic understanding of the molecular mechanism of forgetting into a more detailed dimension, on the other hand, they provide more effective pharmacological targets for directly regulating the function of forgetting.

Gao Yang, a Ph.D. student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, Shuai Yichun, a researcher in the Janelia Research Campus of the United States, Zhang Xuchen, a graduate doctoral student in the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, and Peng Yuwei, a doctoral student, are the co-first authors of this paper. Professor Zhong Yi from Tsinghua University and Assistant Researcher Li Gan are co-authors of this article.

Paper link:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903763116

Xiao Bailong of Tsinghua Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of School of Life jointly published a paper in Nature.

Reveal the delicate molecular machines structure and mechanism that mediates human tactile perception.

On August 21, Nature (Nature) The journal published the research paper "Structure and Mechanizing of the Mammalian Tactical Channel Piezo2" written by Xiao Bailong’s research group of Tsinghua University Pharmaceutical College and Li Xueming’s research group of College of Life Sciences. The three-dimensional structure and exquisite working mechanism of high-resolution cryoelectron microscope, a mechanical force molecular receptor-PIEZO 2 ion channel, which gives human tactile perception ability, are reported for the first time. This research is another important research achievement in this field after the two research groups reported in Nature on January 22nd, 2018 the high-resolution three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanism of another member of the mechanically gated PIZO channel family-PIZO 1 ion channel, which not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structural basis and molecular mechanism of PIZO channel family, but also laid a solid foundation for drug development based on PIZO channel. At the same time, Nature published a commentator’s article and spoke highly of the research.

Touch, as one of the five senses, not only gives us the ability to perceive pleasant touches such as shaking hands, stroking and kissing to maintain normal social behavior, but also bears the biological basis for human beings to skillfully use various tools such as touch screen, mobile phone or mouse. However, under pathological conditions such as tissue injury or inflammation, abnormal tactile perception function can lead to severe mechanical hypersensitivity (also known as touch pain). For example, patients with cancer or arthritis often suffer from severe pain caused by slight touch such as dressing or walking, which seriously affects individual health and quality of life. In addition, autistic people usually show more sensitive tactile perception than ordinary people. Recent studies suggest that this abnormal tactile function may be one of the important causes of autism.

Tactile perception originates from the response of mechanical force sensing molecular receptor-mechanically gated cation channel expressed on primary sensory neurons to mechanical force stimulation, which causes extracellular cations, such as sodium ions and calcium ions, to flow into cells, which in turn induces nerve cell excitement and signal transmission, and finally leads to tactile sensation. In 2010, the research group of Professor Ardem Patapoutian of Scripps Institute in the United States identified that the Piezo gene family encodes the necessary components of mechanically gated cation channels in mammals. In 2012, Dr. Xiao Bailong, who is engaged in postdoctoral research in Professor Patapoutian’s research group, and his colleagues reported in the journal Nature that Piezo protein constitutes the core pore component of mechanically gated cation channels, thus establishing a brand-new ion channel family type of mechanically gated Piezo channels for the first time.

Subsequent studies have proved that Piezo2 mediates the mechanical perception of tactile, proprioception (such as posture balance perception) and visceral perception (such as lung contraction and expansion, blood pressure perception and heart rate regulation) in mammals, while Piezo1 has been found to act as a molecular receptor of mechanical force in a variety of cell tissues and participate in regulating the development of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, blood pressure homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling and many other functions. The genetic mutation of Piezo gene has been found to cause many human genetic diseases, including erythrocytopenia syndrome, lymphatic edema, distal joint contracture, tactile loss and so on. The human body with the loss-of-function mutation of Piezo2 not only shows tactile and proprioception defects, but also loses the perception of mechanical hypersensitivity in pathological state, which confirms that Piezo2 channel can be used as an important target for developing new analgesic drugs.

▲ Figure A, schematic diagram of frozen electron microscope of Piezo2, in which each subunit is represented by a different color; B, a schematic diagram of a dome-shaped structure surrounded by three outward twisted transmembrane paddle areas, and the transmembrane area is marked by the green dotted line; C, schematic diagram of the topological structure of Piezo2 with 38 transmembrane regions; D, a subunit structure of Piezo2 constitutes a display diagram; E, Piezo2 central pore module area; F, the central pore area of Piezo2 and Piezo1 surrounded by IH-CTD; The radius distribution diagram of the central pore area of G, Piezo2 and Piezo1, including the switch gate of transmembrane area and the Constriction neck)； of intracellular area; H, Piezo1 and Piezo2 mutants with deletion of hat region lack the current induced by mechanical stimulation.

Dr. Xiao Bailong’s research group comprehensively uses the multi-disciplinary research methods, such as biochemical structure, electrophysiological patch clamp, Qualcomm dosage drug screening, transgenic mouse model and human genetics, and focuses on solving the key scientific problems of how the mechanically gated Piezo channel converts mechanical stimulation into electrochemical signals, and how it uses its own mechanical sensitivity and channel characteristics to determine related physiological and pathological functions, and is committed to developing new drugs and technologies targeting Piezo channel. Up to now, as a correspondent (including co-author), he has made a series of important research achievements in the three-dimensional structure analysis, molecular mechanism revelation, small molecule drug discovery and physiological and pathological function exploration of Piezo channel.

In this latest Nature paper, relying on the technical system and research platform established by two research groups for analyzing the structure of Piezo1 channel by cryo-electron microscope, the researchers have made unremitting efforts for more than six years to overcome the difficulty of extremely low expression of mouse-derived Piezo2 with a total length of 2,822 amino acids. Through continuous exploration and optimization of protein purification conditions and sample preparation methods by cryo-electron microscope, a stable and homogeneous protein sample was finally obtained for data collection by cryo-electron microscope. In the process of structural analysis, Piezo protein is extremely flexible, which brings great challenges to the resolution of high-resolution structures. The researchers expanded the symmetry of Piezo2 data particles, cut them into three parts, and calculated them independently, so as to obtain high-resolution structures of each part and then put them together into a complete structure, overcoming the flexibility problem, and finally obtained a three-dimensional structure with an overall resolution of 3.6-3.8 angstroms (Figure A), and successfully analyzed the complete topological structure of Piezo2 protein including 38 transmembrane helical regions (Figures C and D).

The researchers found that the overall three-dimensional structure of Piezo2 channel is similar to that of Piezo1 channel previously analyzed, and it is assembled into a trilobal propeller-like structure with 114 transmembrane helical regions in the form of homotrimer (Figure a-d), and it is established that Piezo channel is a kind of large membrane protein with the most transmembrane times so far. Among them, the 1st to 36th transmembrane helix regions (TM1-36) are sequentially assembled into 9 repetitive structural units with the 4th transmembrane helix region as the unit, and this characteristic structural unit was previously named THU (Transmembrane Helical Unit) with the abbreviation of Tsinghua University (Figure c, d). Very interestingly, these nine thus are connected in series to form a special non-planar transmembrane "Blade" structure, which leads to the three blades enclosing into a dome-shaped structure with a diameter of 28nm and a depth of 10nm (Figure B). Researchers speculate that this dome-shaped PIZO protein-cell membrane system may be one of the structural foundations of PIZO channel with high mechanical sensitivity.

The extracellular "Cap" domain located above the central pore region is completely embedded in the bottom of the dome (Figures A and B), while there is a 9nm long Beam structure inside the cell, which connects the peripheral end of the blade to the intracellular position of the central pore region (Figures a-e). The 38th transmembrane helix (named inner helix, IH) and the trailing intracellular carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) form a central pore part (Figures E and F), including a narrow neck located in the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region (Figures F and G), suggesting that the Piezo channel structure is in a closed state. The structural comparison between Piezo2 and Piezo1 shows that the transmembrane region narrow site is completely closed in Piezo2 structure, but open in Piezo1 (Figure f, g). Based on this, the researcher proposed that the narrow site forms a switch gate of transmembrane region (Figure f, g). Further structural analysis and electrophysiological function experiments show that the gate may be controlled by the rotation of the top hat domain (Figure H). However, because the narrow constriction neck located in the cytoplasm region is in the closed state in both Piezo1 and Piezo2 structures (Figure f, g), it remains to be further proved whether this site is controlled by the conformational changes of the blade and long rod structure as another switch gate.

Dr. Xiao Bailong said that through the full cooperation with Dr. Li Xueming’s research group, the analysis of the structure from Piezo1 to Piezo2 not only strongly promoted the understanding of the structure and mechanism of mechanical gating of Piezo channel in mammals, but also provided a solid foundation for exploring the mechanism of human diseases caused by the dysfunction of Piezo channel and the identification and discovery of related drugs. Relying on the all-round research platform and academic accumulation of Piezo channel established by their research group, they will devote themselves to the drug discovery and development of Piezo channel.

Dr. Xiao Bailong from Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy and Dr. Li Xueming from College of Life Sciences are co-authors of this paper. Wang Li, a postdoctoral fellow at Tsinghua University College of Pharmacy, Zhou Heng, a 2015 doctoral student at School of Life, Zhang Mingmin, a 2013 doctoral student, and Liu Wenhao, a 2016 doctoral student, are the first authors. In addition, Dr. Deng Tuan, Zhao Qiancheng (now a postdoctoral fellow at Yale University) and Li Yiran of Xiao Bailong’s research group also participated in some research work. Dr lei Jianlin of Tsinghua University cryo-electron microscope platform provided help for data collection of cryo-electron microscope.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1505-8.pdf

Graphic | School of Medicine, School of Life, Department of Electronics, School of Public Administration, School of Pharmacy

Editor | Li Jing

"Fashion is the most fashionable"　

Salute: as exquisite as Bond? Make costumes into high-end customized brands.

　 　 Kingsman is adapted from a cartoon of the same name in mark millar, which mainly tells the story of Harry Hart, an old agent of Kingsman Secret Service played by colin firth, training Egsey, a little agent played by taron egerton. However, Harry didn’t teach Egsey any real skills. It’s all up to Merlin, the bald instructor played by mark strong. Harry’s task, to be elegant, is to help Egsey, a street thug, become an elegant aristocrat, and to put it bluntly, to teach him how to dress. Therefore, the biggest attraction in the first half of this film is not fists or high-tech weapons, but Harry keeps showing off his suits, shoes, ties, watches and glasses. "Oxford is better than Brock", this clever trick of wearing shoes is an admonition that Harry emphasized to Egsey the most times. I think I was influenced by the spy film ipcress file starring michael caine in 1965.

　 　　Just like Bond, those clothes in Kingsman are well-known. In fact, the Kingsman Secret Service is ostensibly a tailor’s shop, located in the famous Saville Street in London. The shops in this street are all top clothing stores that serve the royal families and nobles of various countries. The prototype of Kingsman storefront is actually a world-famous custom clothing store Huntsman. It is worth mentioning that the film hired Ariane Phillips, who once served "Single Man", as a fashion designer, and cooperated with Mr. Porter, a British men’s fashion e-commerce, to create a customized series of "costume to collection" inspired by movies, which was sold in real life. In addition, the luggage accessories in the film are also of great origin: Turnbull & Asser’s shirt, Drake’s tie, Culture&Gross’s glasses, Swaine Adeney Brigg’s suitcase, Bremont’s watch and George Cleverley’s shoes.

Subversion: gentlemen don’t need muscle blocks!

　 　　Colin firth once played a homosexual in Single Man, and his performance style inspired Matthew Vaughn. We can hardly see any masculine flavor in Harry Hart, but we can experience a different kind of feminine charm. It is not difficult to understand that Matthew Vaughn is deliberately playing against Bourne ultimatum, Mission Impossible and the daniel craig version of 007. "Now spy films are getting more and more boring" is exactly what he thinks of these films. It doesn’t matter to him whether he has a muscle mass or not. The important thing is to wear a suit, which is the kind of elegance and grace shown between gestures. What he wants to pay tribute to is "Underwater City of 007" starring roger moore in 1977. Although this version of Bond has limited physical fitness, it has become the most attractive Bond in Vaughan’s mind because of its ease of weight and humor.

[Carrying equipment can kick and hit]

Salute: Which agent didn’t order high-tech goods?　

　 　　Harry is naturally very proud of his image and clothes, but Egsey, who just came out of the slum, doesn’t buy it. He grew up on the street and likes to wear hoodies or sportswear with hip-hop style. The rebellious teenager was easily fooled by Harry to report to the Secret Service, mainly because Harry’s cool weapons and cool skills shocked him. Like most spy movies, Harry’s high-tech equipment is enough to make him blind. The umbrella he carried when he first met him is a powerful weapon that can be attacked and defended. The tip of the umbrella can fire and the tarpaulin can prevent guns. And almost every accessory on him is a weapon at the same time. There is a sharp knife hidden in the toe of leather shoes, a 500,000 Ford catapult hidden under the dial of the watch, a miniature explosive with the power equivalent to a Grenade in the lighter body, and a toxic pill in the pen tube. Of course, his haute couture suit is also made of special bulletproof material.

Subversion: the moves are fierce and the hair can’t be messy.

　 　 When it comes to fighting, Harry’s action features are bright and neat, which can not only deal a powerful blow to the enemy, but also maintain the elegance of his posture and ensure that his carefully managed hairstyle will not be messed up. It was also in the scene where they first met Egsey that they met a gang of gangsters to provoke them. Harry calmly closed the doors and windows of the hotel, knocked down the gangsters one by one with three strokes and five divisions, and it was like a dance. Colin firth trained for three hours every day for several weeks in order to make a good show. The crew specially invited a number of experts to help, including Jackie Chan’s training team, world Muay Thai champion and Olympic gold medal gymnast. There is also a special forces guy who is responsible for guiding how to use a gun.

　 　　However, if you really meet a strong opponent, it is out of place to consider the image of a gentleman. Terrorists who intend to cleanse mankind are all ruthless dissidents, and agents can only protect themselves if they give them back in their own way. Vaughn deliberately designed the action scene to be fierce and abnormal, which led to the final R rating of the film. Take the opening scene as an example. Agent Lancelot went deep into the tiger’s den to save the hostages and killed all the terrorists. He was so ruthless that people thought he was a villain. Unexpectedly, in the blink of an eye, the goods were split in half by the female killer Jia Zeiler (sofia boutella). Cruel enough! That’s not all. Vaughn later let this sad agent appear again, and his two halves of the body were sewn together by a rope for the villain Valentine (samuel jackson) to "enjoy and ponder". Such humor may be the essence of Vaughan’s aesthetics.

Shanghai Metro has been able to use the APP directly without a bus card. What’s so special about this APP?

Since January 20, 2018, the whole network of Shanghai Metro has tried to scan the code and pass the gate. It is no longer afraid to take the subway without change and forget to bring the bus card. The scanned QR code is neither Alipay nor WeChat, but an APP called Metro Metropolis.

During the week of operation, people wearing red vests and Yi Labao can already be seen in subway stations, and more and more passengers are using them. For this change that is closely related to travel, curious babies naturally want to know more about it.

Let’s talk about the pioneer of "off-card" pit stop: NFC.

Before Metro was launched, Shanghai Metro was not the only way to get in and out of the station. In addition to bus cards, we can also see many passengers smartly taking out their mobile phones, smart watches and other equipment to enter the station.

I have to mention NFC here. Mobile phones and smart watches that can be swiped into the station are all card simulation modes using NFC technology. The simple understanding is that the device will record the magnetic core information of the bus card when it is tied, and the device is an analog card when it is used.

The efficiency of entering the station is comparable to that of a real bus card, but its limitations are also fatal-only some Android phones are supported. Apple’s mobile phone has actually had NFC function since the iPhone6, but Apple only opened this function for its own Apple Pay, but it also continued its style; Therefore, NFC has lost half of its territory congenitally, and naturally it has been tepid.

"Scan code" is the magic weapon to be compatible with mobile phone operating system.

With the promotion of scanning code payment by Alipay and WeChat, users have become accustomed to scanning code, and the mass base is quite strong. Indeed, the development of mobile payment in China is no worse than anywhere else in the world. The most important thing is that the hardware limitation of code scanning is not as high as NFC, which can basically cover all subway passengers.

Accurate passenger travel data

Scanning the code into the station is undoubtedly a good thing for passengers, and there is another choice, especially for passengers who easily forget their cards and often lose them. However, it seems unreasonable for Shanghai Metro officials to make great efforts to upgrade the gates and bear the extra operation and maintenance costs only from the convenience of passengers-or because Hangzhou next door supports scanning code to buy tickets and scan code to enter the station, and Shanghai, as a first-tier city, has been left behind too much, and it is hard to face.

Of course, there is no way to guess the specific reasons, but accurate passenger travel data is a scarce wealth.

When using the bus card, the subway company also holds the travel data, but all available data are partial, such as which platform has a large passenger flow and which route has a large passenger flow. According to the personal data of passengers, there are actually related records, such as the frequency of this user taking the subway, the route he often takes, and the time of commuting. However, because the bus card is anonymous, it is impossible to attribute these data to a certain user, let alone the user who triggered this part.

When users start to scan the code and enter the station, all this changes, and the data can be accurately corresponding to a passenger; Perhaps this part of the data can’t be used for the time being, but it is a scarce wealth for smart travel and smart city construction in the future.

Scanning code is a good thing, but why should there be a "Metro Metropolis"? Why not use Alipay or WeChat directly? This is also a question of many people. Obviously, using Alipay has a better experience for passengers. In view of the installed capacity of Alipay, there is no need to worry that users need to download an APP again when using it.

Besides Alipay, there are WeChat and UnionPay.

When Shanghai promoted the matter of scanning code and taking the subway, it was impossible not to consider Alipay at all, but if you think about it carefully, there are WeChat and UnionPay. Do you need compatibility? After all, Shanghai is not Hangzhou, so it is impossible to bet on the Alipay family. If you scan the code and take the subway in Alipay now, the current ticketing system and gate equipment are bound to be reformed. When you access WeChat or UnionPay in the future, you will face the possibility of repeated reforms. Why don’t official website Metro make its own Metro Metropolis APP, establish its own platform, and unify the specifications, so that no matter whether it is connected by WeChat or other manufacturers in the future, there is no need to make additional transformation. This is actually a long-term plan.

Who is the subject and who is the entrance of traffic?

Who is the subject. If Shanghai Metro opens the boarding code function on Alipay APP, the answer to this question will be vague, and scanning the code to ride will become a function of Alipay, which will contribute to Alipay’s market share and stability in Shanghai, and the entrance of user traffic will also be concentrated on Alipay APP. Shanghai Metro won’t do this, thus losing its initiative and future bargaining power.

Moreover, the installed capacity of Shanghai Metro’s own official APP has been very small, and it is not suitable for commercial advertisements. You can just take a ride to promote the function of scanning code and increase the download volume of "Metro Metropolis". After traffic, putting some advertisements can also be regarded as a means of profit.

Travel data

If the user completes the whole process of scanning the code on Alipay APP, all the user data will remain in Alipay. The accurate user travel data that the subway official has always wanted, as well as the reach of users in the future, is a fantasy.

Indeed, we found that the scope of cooperation between Metro Metropolis and Alipay and UnionPay is limited to providing users with real-name authentication capabilities and payment capabilities.

For various reasons, Shanghai Metro chose to build its own APP, but their experience and technical strength are far less than those of professional Internet companies in making applications.

Here are a few cases:

"Oh, my God, why do you have to turn on Bluetooth?"

Among them, the most talked about is to turn on Bluetooth. Indeed, when our "Metro Metropolis" APP scans the code, it must turn on Bluetooth. Why? The direct reason is that official website chose the self-built APP, and the fundamental reason is that the QR code can only interact in one direction, and the APP can’t get any information through the QR code. The passenger’s fare calculation is done independently by APP. If APP can’t get the location of the station, it can’t calculate the fare at all.

In order to solve this problem, Shanghai Metro has also spent a lot of effort. Through a series of problems with companies, it has launched the technology of "Double Offline BLE Bluetooth Write-back of QR code", and the story of "Double Offline" is left to the next node, saying that "Bluetooth Write-back" is actually a means for subway gates to inform APP passengers of the information of getting in and out of the station. The general process is as follows:

1. The mobile phone generates a two-dimensional code (including the user’s id, mobile phone Bluetooth address and other related information).
2. The gate reads the QR code information and sends it to the controller.
3. The controller on the gate calls the Bluetooth module of the mobile phone.
4. The mobile phone Bluetooth establishes communication with the gate controller, and writes back relevant information (information of the subway station, arrival time, etc.).
5. The gate is released.

Under normal circumstances, the above interaction process needs to be completed within half a second.

So, you must turn on Bluetooth. Why don’t you turn on Bluetooth when Alipay shows the QR code for payment, because nothing will be written back at all during the payment process. After the merchant scans the code, it has nothing to do with the QR code, and the user Alipay only receives the follow-up notice.

The impact of this technology:

1. The existence of Bluetooth write-back technology also prevents criminals from taking my QR code screenshot to ride.
2. Due to the problem of Bluetooth adaptation, subway officials have listed a list of unsupported mobile phone models. Many mobile phone manufacturers have castrated the Bluetooth function, so this kind of mobile phone is not in the support list.

"We are really thinking about passengers. If you don’t believe me, look at our dual offline technology."

In the real use process, some users will still stand in front of the gate and connect to the internet, then open the APP and bring up the QR code page. In fact, as long as the QR code is loaded, there is no need to connect to the internet for future refreshing. This point also fully considers the user’s usage scenarios. The signal in the subway is always unstable. If users are required to connect to the Internet during the process of opening or refreshing the QR code, it will greatly affect the user experience.

Conflict with NFC

Because the newly modified gate supports bus cards, NFC devices and code scanning devices at the same time, if a smart phone has NFC turned on and Metro Metropolis installed at the same time, it will be difficult to identify the gate, and it is obvious that passengers want to use Metro Metropolis. As a result, NFC may work because of the wrong approach posture, leading to the success of swiping the card. Because of this, the Android version of Metro Metropolis requires passengers to turn off the NFC function during the activation process. But in the long run, when the subsidy for "Metro Metropolis" ends, I think passengers may close the "Metro Metropolis". After all, NFC swipes cards faster and can take public transportation.

"Where did you put our bus passengers?"

From the above introduction, we can feel that Shanghai Metro has completely abandoned the bus card in this mode. There is no need to use the bus card in the whole process, but the good thing is half done. When passengers take the bus, they can’t use the "Metro Metropolis". At this time, they can only take out the bus card honestly, and after swiping the card, they find that the concessions for subway bus transfer are gone. Passengers are definitely unhappy. After all, there are not a few passengers who transfer between subway and bus during commuting. These users are destined not to become deep users of "Metro Metropolis".

I have also experienced the "metro Metropolis" many times recently, but I have never chosen to use it during the morning rush hour, or I quietly turned out my bus card and quickly passed the gate.

Product experience:

1. The stability of the APP: Many people have reported that after the code scanning is successful, the gate will not be released at all.
2. Number of gates: Now it seems that there are two gates at the entrance and exit of each platform to support code scanning. The number is still small. During the peak period, there was a queue in front of the code scanning gate, but the ordinary gate was unimpeded.
3. There is a single type of gate: in addition to ordinary gates, there is also a large baggage gate, and there is no large baggage gate that supports code scanning at present.
4. Efficiency of passing the gate: scanning code is faster than NFC, and faster than swiping the card. If someone opens the APP in front of you in the morning rush hour, it’s not enough to brush it a few times. You must want to kick him to death in your heart, but he is also in a hurry.

Brief analysis of product positioning;

The people who take the subway are roughly divided into permanent residents and tourists.

If permanent residents often take the subway, they will definitely get a bus card, which is faster than you. If the monthly consumption quota reaches a certain limit, there will be a discount, and there will be a discount for transferring to the bus.

Tourists certainly don’t understand and don’t want to understand "metro Metropolis". It seems that a one-day subway ticket is more suitable for them.

At least for now, regardless of existing subsidies. I think the bus card is better than "metro Metropolis", both in terms of convenience and economy.

This analysis has not yet involved the design of other product functions and the interaction with related pages. Wait until the user is stable, and after several iterations, do another analysis.

　

This article was originally published by @ Original Dream. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

　　"Healthy Shanghai 12320" WeChat WeChat official account News, November 21st 0— At 24: 00, there were 4 confirmed cases and 44 asymptomatic infected cases in COVID-19, both of which were found in isolation and control. There were 5 confirmed cases and 45 asymptomatic infected cases imported from overseas in COVID-19.

　　Local case situation

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 4 new cases were confirmed in COVID-19.

　　Case 1, temporarily living in Jiading District,

　　Case 2, living in Minhang District,

　　All of them came from other provinces and returned to Shanghai. After arriving in Shanghai, they were put under control. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after review by the CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 3, who lives in Pudong New Area, is a close contact of local infected people who have returned to Shanghai from other provinces previously reported in this city. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 4, who lives in Songjiang District, is a close contact of a native asymptomatic infected person reported in Japan on November 15th. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Situation of asymptomatic infection in local area

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 44 cases of asymptomatic local infections were added.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1, temporarily living in Huangpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2, asymptomatic infected person 3, temporarily living in Xuhui District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 4, temporarily living in Minhang District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5, asymptomatic infected person 6, temporarily living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 7, temporarily living in Jinshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 8, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Asymptomatic infection 9, living in Jing’ an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 10, living in Hongkou District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 11, living in Yangpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 12, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 13, living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 14, asymptomatic infection 15, living in Qingpu District,

　　All of them came from other provinces and returned to Shanghai. After arriving in Shanghai, they were put under control. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after review by the CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 16-mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 18, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Nineteen asymptomatic infected people, living in Hongkou District, were quarantined and controlled after receiving notification from other provinces and cities. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after re-examination by CDC. Based on comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, they were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 20, living in Pudong New Area,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 21, living in Jing ‘an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 22, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 23-mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 25, living in Jiading District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 26, living in Songjiang District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 27, asymptomatic infection 28, living in Qingpu District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 29, living in Fengxian District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 30, living in Chongming District,

　　They are all close contacts of local infected people from other provinces who came to Shanghai and returned to Shanghai previously reported by this city. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 31, living in Jing ‘an District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 32, living in Putuo District,

　　Asymptomatic infected person 33, living in Jiading District,

　　All of them are close contacts of asymptomatic local infected people reported in Japan on November 15th. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 34-mdash; 36 asymptomatic infected people, living in Baoshan District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 37, asymptomatic infection 38, living in Jiading District,

　　They are all close contacts of asymptomatic local infected people reported in Japan on November 19. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 39, asymptomatic infection 40, living in Minhang District,

　　41 asymptomatic infected people, living in Qingpu District, were found abnormal in routine nucleic acid detection of key personnel in closed-loop management, and the results were positive after review by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42, living in Xuhui District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 43, living in Changning District,

　　Asymptomatic infection 44, living in Qingpu District,

　　Is a close contact of related cases. During the period of isolation and control, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results were abnormal, and the results were positive after rechecking by CDC. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Overseas imported cases

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, through the joint prevention and control mechanism at the port, five confirmed cases of imported COVID-19 were reported. One case was cured and discharged from the United States.

　　Case 1, a native of China, lived in Brazil, started from Brazil and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 15, 2022. After entering the country, he was put under centralized quarantine observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 2, a native of China, worked in Benin, started from Benin, transited through France, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 3, a China citizen, worked in Singapore, set out from Singapore and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept in isolated observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 4, a native of China, studied in New Zealand, set out from New Zealand and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 5, a native of China, worked in the United States, set out from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept in isolated observation, during which she developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Five confirmed cases imported from abroad have been transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment, and 47 people who have been in close contact with the flight have been tracked, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　Situation of asymptomatic infected persons imported from abroad

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, 45 cases of asymptomatic infected people were newly imported from abroad.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1, a Korean national, visited relatives in South Korea, set out from South Korea and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 14, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2, a China citizen, worked in UAE, started from UAE and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 14, 2022. After entering the country, she was kept under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 3 is American, living in the United States, asymptomatic infected person 4 is China, visiting relatives in the United States. Asymptomatic infected person 3 and asymptomatic infected person 4 departed from the United States, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 15, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5, a native of China, worked in Canada, set out from Canada and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 16th, 2022. After entering the country, she was put under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 6 is a resident of Taiwan Province, visiting relatives in Taiwan Province, starting from Taiwan Province, and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17th, 2022. After entering the country, he was put under centralized isolation observation, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Persons 7, Asymptomatic Infected Persons 8 are all China citizens, living in the United States, starting from the United States, taking the same flight, and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons 9. Asymptomatic infected persons 10 are all from China, asymptomatic infected persons 9 work in the United States, asymptomatic infected persons 10 live in the United States, asymptomatic infected persons 9. Asymptomatic infected persons 10 depart from the United States, take the same flight, and arrive at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they are concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection is abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Eleven asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in New Zealand, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　12 asymptomatic infected people are Korean nationals, visiting relatives in South Korea, starting from South Korea and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 17, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirteen asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in Canada. They set out from Canada and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　14 asymptomatic infected persons and 15 asymptomatic infected persons are all from China, 14 asymptomatic infected persons work in France, 15 asymptomatic infected persons visit relatives in France, 14 asymptomatic infected persons and 15 asymptomatic infected persons depart from France and arrive at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they are concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection is abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Sixteen asymptomatic infected people were from China, living in the United States. They started from the United States, transferred to Finland, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Seventeen asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and studied in Singapore, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022, and were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Eighteen asymptomatic infected persons, who were from China, studied in Hong Kong, set off from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18th, 2022. After entering the country, they were kept in centralized isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Nineteen asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in Korea, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty asymptomatic infected people, Japanese nationals, visited relatives in Japan, set out from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 18, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-one asymptomatic infected persons were from China, visiting relatives in Canada, starting from Canada and arriving at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-two asymptomatic infected people, who are from China and work in the United States, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. They were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-three asymptomatic infected people, who are from China and work in Thailand, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022, and were kept in isolated observation after entering the country, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Twenty-four asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in Germany, set off from Germany, transited through Hungary, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　25 asymptomatic infected persons and 26 asymptomatic infected persons are all from China. They studied in New Zealand, departed from New Zealand, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 27-mdash; 32 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, and 27-mdash asymptomatic infected people; Asymptomatic infected person 31 works in Germany, starts from Germany, transits through Austria, asymptomatic infected person 32 lives in Austria, starts from Austria, asymptomatic infected person 27— Asymptomatic infected person 32 took the same flight and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 33-mdash; 36 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, 33 asymptomatic infected people work in South Korea, start from South Korea and transit through Singapore, and 34 asymptomatic infected people & mdash; Asymptomatic infection 36 working in Singapore, starting from Singapore, asymptomatic infection 33— Thirty-six asymptomatic infected people arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19th, 2022 on the same flight. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirty-seven asymptomatic infected people were from China, living in the United States. They started from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 19, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Thirty-eight asymptomatic infected people, who were from China and worked in the UK, arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infection 39— 41 asymptomatic infected people are all from China, 39 asymptomatic infected people, 40 asymptomatic infected people work in the United States, 41 asymptomatic infected people study in the United States, and 39 asymptomatic infected people & mdash; Asymptomatic infected person 41 departed from the United States, took the same flight, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, he was concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42 and asymptomatic infected person 43 are all from China. Asymptomatic infected person 42 worked in Thailand, departed from Thailand and transited through South Korea. Asymptomatic infected person 43 worked in South Korea, and departed from South Korea. Asymptomatic infected person 42 and asymptomatic infected person 43 took the same flight and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid detection was abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Forty-four asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in Japan. They started from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Forty-five asymptomatic infected people were from China, visiting relatives in the United States. They set off from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on November 20, 2022. After entering the country, they were concentrated in isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　45 imported asymptomatic infected people from abroad have been transferred to designated medical institutions for medical observation, and 842 close contacts have been followed up, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　November 21, 2022 0— At 24: 00, 16 cases of asymptomatic infection were released from medical observation, including 11 cases of asymptomatic infection in China and 5 cases of asymptomatic infection imported from abroad.

　　From 0: 00 on July 3, 2022 to 24: 00 on November 21, 2022, 240 cases were diagnosed locally, 233 cases were cured and discharged, 31 cases were treated in hospital, and 0 cases died. 1567 cases of asymptomatic infection. There are 0 suspected cases to be investigated.

　　By 24: 00 on November 21, 2022, there were 5,629 confirmed cases imported from abroad, 5,591 cases were discharged and 38 cases were treated in hospital. There are 0 suspected cases to be investigated.

Tong Zhengfa [2017] No.67 December 19, 2017

Counties (cities), District People’s governments, Municipal Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, Sutong Science and Technology Industrial Park Management Committee, tongzhou bay Demonstration Zone Management Committee, municipal committees, offices, bureaus and municipal directly affiliated units:

　　In recent years, the whole city has thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on scientific and technological innovation, closely focused on the strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and technology", paid attention to giving full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technological personnel, and encouraged them to carry out theoretical and practical innovations, and achieved good results. In 2015 ~ 2016, the city’s scientific and technological personnel combined with the actual situation of Nantong, wrote and published a large number of academic papers in the fields of natural science and engineering technology in journals above the provincial level, which made positive contributions to promoting scientific and technological innovation projects. After careful evaluation by Nantong Natural Science Academic Papers Review Committee and publicity to the public, a total of 120 outstanding natural science academic papers were awarded, which is hereby announced.

　　It is hoped that all localities, departments, units and the vast number of scientific and technological workers in the city will deeply understand the responsibility of the times to achieve innovation-driven, strive to participate in scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and contribute wisdom and strength to building a "strong, rich, beautiful and high" new Nantong.

　　attachment

List of Winners of the 10th Excellent Academic Papers on Natural Sciences in Nantong (120 in total)

　　First prize (12 articles in total)

　　1、Dispatching strategies for coordinating environmental

　　awareness and risk perception in wind power integrated system

　　Jin Jingliang (Nantong University), Zhou Dequn, Zhou Peng

　　2、Properties of Fluoride-Doped β-PbO2 Electrodes and their Electrocatalytic Activities in Degradation of Acid Orange II

　　Qiao Qicheng (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wang Lizhang, Shi Jian

　　3、A hierarchical-coevolutionary-MapReduce-based 　knowledge reduction algorithm with robust ensemble Pareto equilibrium

　　Ding Weiping (Nantong University), Wang Jiehua, Wang Jiandong

　　4. Color medical image enhancement based on histogram equalization of adaptive intensity matrix.

　　Gu Juping (Nantong University), Hua Liang, Wu Xiao

　　5. Modification of wool by air plasma and enzymes as a cleaner and environmentally friendly process (wool is modified by clean and environmentally friendly air plasma and biological enzymes).

　　Zhang Ruiping (Nantong University)

　　6. Influence of meshing algorithm and structural parameters on harmonic drive.

　　Luo Ji (Nantong Institute of Technology), Sha Chun

　　7、Identification of genetic differentiation between waxy and common maize by SNP genotyping

　　Hao Derong (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Zhang Zhenliang, Cheng Yujing

　　8、CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5

　　Jiang Baochun (Nantong University), Cao Deli, Zhang Xin

　　9、Population-representative Incidence of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure:A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

　　Qin Gang (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Shao Jianguo and Zhu Yongchang.

　　10. body image disorders have impact on the sexual problems in Chinese systematic lupus patients.

　　Shen Biyu (Nantong First People’s Hospital)

　　11、Transplantation of RADA16-BDNF peptide scaffold with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells forced with CXCR4 and activated astrocytes for repair of traumatic brain injury

　　Shi Wei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Xu Xide

　　12、Long-term survival trends of gastric cancer patients from 1972 to 2011 in Qidong

　　Chen Yongsheng (Qidong People’s Hospital), Chen Jianguo and Zhu Jian.

　　Second prize (24 articles in total)

　　1. Effects of different treatment methods on fermentation quality and nutritional components of soybean straw.

　　Gu Yongjian (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Zhan Jinshun, Sha Wenfeng

　　2. Effect of dexamethasone on apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.

　　Sha Xianghong (Nantong Teachers College), Zang Qiaoqiao, Tan Xiangling

　　3、Recursion-Transform method to a non-regular m×n cobweb with an arbitrary longitude

　　Tan Zhizhong (Nantong University)

　　4、Optimizing degradation of Reactive Yellow 176 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma combined with TiO2 nano-particles prepared using response surface methodology

　　Shen Yongjun (Nantong University), Han Shuo, Xu Qihui

　　5、Application of a mercapto- terminated binuclear Cu（II）complex Modified Au electrode to improve the sensitivity and selectivity for Dopamine detection

　　Jiang Guomin (Nantong University), Gu Xuefang, Jiang Guoqing

　　6. Corrosion resistance of nano-CeO2 _ 2 and methanol modified organosilane passivation film

　　Gu Jianfeng (Nantong Vocational College), Xiao Yi, Zhou Daiyi

　　7. Reliability and sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete outer shaft lining structure in deep alluvium by fuzzy stochastic finite element method.

　　Yao Yafeng (Nantong Vocational College)

　　8. Mechanical fault diagnosis of vibration spectrum color image recognition based on quaternion moment invariants.

　　Hua Liang (Nantong University), Qiang Yujian, Gu Juping

　　9. Low-speed impact location of composite plates based on de-averaging normalized cross correlation method.

　　Lu Guan (Nantong University), Xu Yiming and Qiu taught themselves.

　　10. Research on improvement of weld mark defects of automobile instrument base based on AMI.

　　Gu Hai (Nantong Institute of Technology), Sun Jianhua, Yuan Guoding

　　11、Computerized design, generation and simulation of meshing and contact of hyperboloidal-type normal circular-arc gears

　　Chen Houjun (Nantong University), Zhang Xiaoping, Cai Xiong

　　12. Experimental study on seismic behavior of post-tensioned unbonded hybrid assembled frame joints.

　　Zhang Chen (Nantong University), Zhou Yuling, Cai Xiaoning

　　13. Research on the Inheritance and Development of Folk Tiger Head Shoes in Nantong

　　Liu Chunhui (Jiangsu Vocational College of Engineering)

　　14. Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Corn Gelatinization in Milk Maturing Stage

　　Tang Mingxia (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Chen Hui, Yuan Chunxin

　　15. Construction of recombinant expression vector of salt-tolerant willow insect-resistant gene Cry3A.

　　Li Min (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Ma Xiangjian, Li Yujuan

　　16. Estimation and regional distribution of rural biomass energy resources in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

　　Xing Hong (Nantong Teachers College), Zhao Yuan, Wang Yiqiang

　　17. The influence of skill training on the self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with presbycusis in community.

　　Lu Hongjian (Nantong Second People’s Hospital), Jiang Zhongli, Xiao Yuhua

　　18. The curative effect of NB-UVB combined with Tuibai Decoction on vitiligo vulgaris and its regulating effect on Th17 related factors.

　　Sheng Guorong (Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Yan Xia, Xie Yong

　　Clinical observation on 50 cases of bronchial asthma treated by Jiawei Dingchuan powder combined with western medicine

　　Zhu Jinfeng (Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Wu Jian, Yao Zupei

　　Hypoxic tumor-targeted PH-sensitive compound quantum dot siRNA delivery system

　　Zhu Hongyan (Nantong University), Zhang Shengyu, Ling Yong

　　Clinical and biological significance of HAX-1 overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

　　You Bo (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), You Yiwen

　　22. MiR-19b regulates the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts.

　　Zhong Chongjun (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Wang Kun, Ding Shengguang

　　23、Derivation of Schwann cell precursors from neural crest cells resident in bone marrow for cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration

　　Shi Haiyan (Nantong University), Gong Yanpei, Qiang Liang

　　24、A novel molecular and clinical staging model to predict survival for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

　　Wang Wei (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Wang Zhiwei and Zhao Jun.

　　Third Prize (84 articles in total)

　　Diversity analysis of flowering-related traits and starch viscosity traits of waxy corn core collection along the Yangtze River

　　Chen Guoqing (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Xue Lin, Hu Jiaru

　　2. Discussion on the transformation and upgrading of sericulture industry in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province

　　Zhou Jiahua (Jiangsu Modern Sericulture Industrial Park Co., Ltd.)

　　3、Stability and Morrey spaces relation to multipliers

　　Zhu Yueping (Nantong Teachers College), Yang Qixiang, Ye Pengtao

　　4、Blow-up results for evolution problems with inhomogeneous nonlocal diffusion

　　Chen Yujuan (Nantong University), Zhu Yueping

　　5、Bifurcation analysis on delay-induced bursting in a shape memory alloy oscillator with time delay feedback

　　Yu Yue (Nantong University), Zhang Zhengdi, Bi Qinsheng

　　6、Generation of a mef2aa:EGFP transgeniczebrafish line that expresses EGFP in muscle cells

　　Lu Feng (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Liu Dong, Yan Xinghong

　　7. internet plus: Generate Wisdom and Efficiency for Mathematics Classroom.

　　Wu Youhua (Tongzhou District Xingren High School)

　　8. Optimal relational contract model of port supply chain logistics capacity.

　　Lu Yongming (Nantong Open University)

　　9. Preparation of Ordered Mesoporous Indium Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites and Their Visible Photocatalytic Properties

　　Ding Minjuan (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology)

　　10. Environmentally friendly recovery of phenylacetic acid from the production process of 7-ADCA.

　　Li Xun (Jiangsu Jiujiujiu Technology Co., Ltd.), Zhou Xinji, Xian Juan

　　11. Overview of the development and evolution of colored cotton embroidery in Nantong.

　　Jiang Xingmin (Nantong Arts and Crafts Institute)

　　12. Discussion on the stitch characteristics of Nantong simulation embroidery.

　　Huali (Nantong Arts and Crafts Institute)

　　13. Study on the bottom friction and wave breaking coefficient of typhoon wave propagation in the radiation sand ridge group of the South Yellow Sea-taking Lanshayang Waterway as an example

　　Xu Zhuo (Nantong Sijian Group Co., Ltd.), Zhang Wei, Lu Peidong

　　14. Analysis of the influence of the heating system inside and outside the tank on the heating efficiency of the tank.

　　Shi Jianrong (Nantong CIMC), Luo Yongxin, Zhao Kai

　　15. Design of progressive die for harness clamp

　　Zhu Jianrong (Xinrong Electromechanical Technology (Nantong) Co., Ltd.)

　　16. Research and design of high-efficiency motor energy efficiency test system based on 112B method.

　　Zhang Zhihua (nantong shipping college)

　　17、Detection of dopamine on a mercapto-terminated hexanuclear Fe（III） cluster modified gold electrode

　　Gu Xuefang (Nantong University), Jiang Guomin, Jiang Guoqing

　　18. Study on early cracking mechanism of steel bridge deck pavement based on texture characteristics.

　　Zhu Yong (Nantong University), Xu Xunqian

　　19、Wave reflection in a rotating pyroelectric half-plane

　　Jiang Quan (Nantong University), Yuan Xiaoguang

　　20. Optimization of stamping process parameters of clutch corrugated sheet based on orthogonal test.

　　Gao Liping (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology)

　　21, laser shock wave control elastic element residual stress state.

　　Li Bin (Nantong Institute of Technology), Gu Hai, Sun Jianhua

　　22. Study on the influence of mandrel on cold push bending forming of thin-walled TA2 titanium tube.

　　Hao Jing (Nantong Vocational College)

　　Research on intelligent recognition of license plate characters of muck truck

　　Qu Guoqing (Jiangsu Business Vocational College), Li Wangpei

　　24. Relay selection scheme and its performance analysis of single eavesdropping and double-hop cooperative network

　　Yang Lijun (Nantong Vocational College)

　　25. Simulation analysis of abnormal network traffic sequence monitoring technology under constant false alarm rate

　　Liu Haitao (Nantong Open University)

　　26、Effect of steel reinforcement with different degree of corrosion on degeneration of mechanical performance of reinforced concrete frame joints

　　Wu Xu (Nantong Institute of Technology), Liu Ronggui

　　27、AQM scheme design for TCP network via Takagi -Sugeno fuzzy method

　　Xu Sheng (Nantong Vocational College), Fei Minrui, Yang Xinhao

　　28. Hierarchical maximum likelihood iterative identification algorithm for Hammerstein nonlinear systems.

　　Li Junhong (Nantong University), Gu Juping, Yang Yi

　　29. Singularly perturbed frequency division control of double inverted pendulum.

　　Huang Xiaoli (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology) and Wu Zhonghua

　　30、Blind quality index for camera images with natural scene statistics and patch-based 　sharpness assessment

　　Tang Lijuan (Jiangsu Business Vocational College), Li Leida, Gu Kun

　　31、An improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm for assisted therapy of chronic bronchitis

　　Lu Weijia (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yan Zhuangzhi

　　32. Rapid detection of pentachlorophenol in aquatic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

　　Shi Yukun (Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Yang Meigui, Yang Qinghua

　　33. Technological conditions for hydrolysis of waxy corn juice by medium-temperature α -amylase

　　Su Aimei (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wu Haiyan and Tang Mingxia.

　　34. Rapid determination of polysaccharide content in silkworm chrysalis by derivative spectrometry

　　Wu Haiyan (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Yuan Qiumei

　　35, greenhouse "fresh broad beans/Lycium barbarum/lotus+loofah+tomato" efficient planting mode.

　　Cheng Yujing (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Li Jin, Tang Mingxia

　　36. CAPS marker development and its application in D8 gene functional marker development.

　　Ou Yanghong (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Wu Wenwen, Shao Yuanjian

　　37. Efficient winter intercropping mode and comprehensive cultivation techniques of mulberry fields in Nantong City.

　　Wei Yafeng (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Liu Jian, Li Bo

　　38. Construction and Application of Plough Cutting Soil Phase Diagram

　　Xu Shaohua (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Lu Shaoying, Ren Jianhua

　　39. Exploration and practice of multi-batch full-age artificial feed silkworms throughout the year.

　　Hanyifei (Rudong County Cansang Guidance Station)

　　40、Induction of tetraploidity with antimicrotubule agents in oriental melon （Cucumis melo var. Makuwa）

　　Wang Kang (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), He Linchi and Yan Honglang

　　41、Genome-wide association study of the husk number and weight in maize （Zea mays L.）

　　Zhou Guangfei (Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences along the Yangtze River), Hao Derong, Chen Guoqing

　　42. Effect of panicle fertilizer application on rice yield and yield components under drip irrigation under plastic film.

　　Li Shifeng (Nantong Crop Cultivation Technology Guidance Station), Lu Jian, Zhou Yu

　　43、Exploring the genetic variants of insulin-like growth factor II gene and their associations with two production traits in Langshan chicken

　　Yan Linjun (Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology), Fang Xingtang, Liu Yao

　　44. Mesoscale analysis of a heavy rain process in Jiangsu under the background of typhoon going far to the north.

　　Zhang Shumin (Nantong Meteorological Bureau), Gu Peishu, Wu Caixia

　　45. A preliminary study on the flower color components of Tokyo Jasmine.

　　Xu Liping (Nantong Institute of Technology), Yu Fangyuan

　　46. Practice and Suggestions on Innovative Agricultural Insurance in Nantong City

　　Ping Gen (Nantong Municipal Committee Agriculture Office), Wang Jianzhong, Yin Honghua

　　47, Haimen leisure agriculture and rural tourism development.

　　Fan Lingyan (Haimen Municipal Committee Agriculture Office)

　　48, Nantong water conservancy support capacity and economic and social development coordination analysis.

　　Huang Li (Nantong Water Resources Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.), Tao Xiaodong, Lu Tingting

　　49、Porcine Mx1 fused to HIV Tat protein transduction domain （PTD） inhibits classical swine fever virus infection in vitro and in vivo

　　Zhang Xiaomin (Rugao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station)

　　50. Implementation and effect of specialized unified prevention and control of mulberry diseases and insect pests in Rugao City

　　Qian Xiaolan (Rugao Sericulture Technical Guidance Station), Zhang Fang

　　51. Observation on the effect of different disease modes of rice false smut on rice yield.

　　Sun Chunlai (Hai ‘an Plant Protection and Quarantine Station), Wang Xiaoqin, Zhang Helan

　　52. Cultivate new business entities and build a new force in modern agricultural construction.

　　Zhou Sheng (Nantong Municipal Committee Agriculture Office)

　　53. Serumykl-40 is incremental in patients with slow corona flow Xu Ying (Haimen People’s Hospital), Meng Hailiang and Pan Min.

　　54. Research and application of green control technology for main rice pests along the Yangtze River.

　　Zhang Xilin (Tongzhou District Agriculture Committee), Zhou Hao

　　55. Analysis of the Interaction between Smoking and Drugs and Diseases in Prescription Drug Instructions

　　Li Haibo (Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital)

　　56. Quality control method of rhubarb by combining fingerprint with one test and multiple evaluation.

　　Dou Zhihua (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Qiao Jin, Bian Li

　　57. ABC analysis of temporary purchase of non-antibacterial drugs in a hospital in 2014.

　　Chen Xia (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Lu Ying, Zhang Yanhua.

　　58、Comparison of minocycline and azithromycin for the treatment of mild scrub typhus in northern China

　　Zhao Minxing (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Shen Yanbo, Wang Ting

　　59、Outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

　　Zhao Dongsheng (Nantong First People’s Hospital), Shen Yi, Zhang Qing

　　60、Prognostic role of microscopically positive marginsfor primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

　　Zhi Xiaofei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Jiang Baofei, Yu Junbo

　　61、CXCL13 Promotes Proliferation of Mesangial Cells by Combination with CXCR5 in SLE

　　Da Zhanyun (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Li Liuxia and Zhu Jin

　　62、The value of serum RASSF10 hypomethylation in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer

　　Xue Wanjiang (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Feng Ying and Wang Fei

　　63. Cross-cultural adjustment of cancer patients’ disease benefit scale

　　Liu Xun (Nantong University), Zhang Lanfeng

　　64、Meta-analytic approaches to determine gender differences for delayed healing in venous leg ulcers

　　Tang Xiaolei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Chen Honglin and Zhao Fangfang.

　　65、A novel automatic regulatory device for continuous bladder irrigation based on wireless sensor in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate：A prospective investigation

　　Ding Aiming (Nantong First People’s Hospital), He Bosheng, Cao Huling

　　66. Effect of Dioscorea nipponica Makino on the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients.

　　Cao Yongjun (Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Jiang Shengyu, Luo Yanping

　　67、Effectiveness of Moxibustion Treatment in Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double- Blinded,Placebo-Controlled Trial

　　Ren Xiumei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Yao Chang, Wu Fan

　　68、Effect of Intermittent versus Chronic Calorie Restriction on Tumor Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

　　Chen Yalan (Nantong University), Xu Guangfei

　　69. The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and PET/CT in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.

　　Feng Feng (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Xia Ganlin, Qiang Fulin

　　70. Analysis of HIV/AIDS test results in Rudong County from 2013 to 2015

　　Wang Shifang (Rudong County Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

　　71. Preliminary clinical significance analysis of percutaneous and blood carbon dioxide partial pressure gradient monitoring in septic shock patients.

　　Wang Weiqun (Tongzhou District People’s Hospital), Cao Peihong, Qiu Zuhong

　　72、Lung Cancer in a Rural Area of China:Rapid Rise in Incidence and Poor Improvement in Survival

　　Yang Juan (Qidong People’s Hospital)

　　73, NLRC5 Targeting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway and Its Regulatory Effect on Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

　　Peng Yunyun (Haimen People’s Hospital)

　　74. The high expression of FABP3 and FABP4 and the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

　　Tang Zhiyuan (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Zhou Xiaoyu and Ni Songshi.

　　75. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide combined with metformin on myocardial structure and hemodynamics in type 2 diabetic rats.

　　Qiao Jin (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Dou Zhihua, Wu Feng

　　76. Effect of Tuibai Decoction combined with NB-UVB on the expression levels of IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with vitiligo vulgaris

　　Ding Xiaoyun (Nantong Fourth People’s Hospital), Liu Haiqin

　　77、Drug resistance-related microRNAs in hematological malignancies: Translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies

　　Xie Lingling (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Jing Rongrong and Qi Jing.

　　78、RASSF10 is an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor and independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

　　Wang Fei (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Feng Ying and Li Peng

　　79、Association of microRNA-21 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the risk of progression in advanced prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy

　　Guan Yangbo (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University), Wu You, Liu Yifei

　　80、MicroRNA-146a-5pattenuates neuropathic pain via 　suppressing TRAF6 signaling in the spinal cord

　　Lu Ying (Nantong University), Cao Deli, Jiang Baochun

　　81、MicroRNA-10a/10b represses a novel target gene mib1 toregulate angiogenesis

　　Wang Xin (Nantong University), Ling Changchun, Li Liping

　　82、Runx1t1 Regulates the Neuronal Differentiation of Radial Glial Cells From the Rat Hippocampus

　　Zou Linqing (Nantong University), Jin Guohua, Li Haoming

　　83、The effects of percutaneous ethanolinjection followed by 20-kHz ultrasound and microbubbles on rabbit hepatic tumors

　　Shen Zhiyong (Nantong Cancer Hospital), Xia Ganlin, Wu Mingfeng.

　　84、Expression of immune checkpoints in T cells of esophageal cancer patients

　　Xie Jinhua (Hai ‘an County People’s Hospital), Ji Haoming, Zhang Yan

CCTV News:Be the first in the spring of the year, and do everything first. At a new starting point, all walks of life have worked hard to spell out a gratifying "new speed." Today (February 29), "News Network" released a series of exciting good news: in 2023, the annual GDP exceeded 126 trillion, and the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan; Shanghai creates a new highland of institutional openness; "Great powers and heavy weapons" are constantly "innovating", and civil aviation transportation and scientific and technological development have won many successes. New quality productivity, new technology and new kinetic energy continue to exert their strength, and China’s "new and new" thriving economy is moving forward step by step.

In 2023, the gross domestic product exceeded 126 trillion yuan.

The National Bureau of Statistics released the Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development in 2023 on February 29th. According to preliminary accounting, in 2023, the gross domestic product reached 126,058.2 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year.

The cultivation of emerging industries has been accelerated. In 2023, the proportion of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing in the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size rose to 15.7% and 33.6% respectively. The integration of digital technology and the real economy has been solidly promoted. The transaction volume of e-commerce increased by 9.4% over the previous year, and the added value of information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 11.9%.

Scientific and technological innovation has achieved new breakthroughs. In 2023, the expenditure on research and experimental development in the whole society was 3.3 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.64% of the GDP, of which the expenditure on basic research increased by 9.3%.

Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone to Create a New Highland of Institutional Opening

The Overall Plan for the Construction of Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone has positioned Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone as a new platform for facilitating international business exchanges, a new carrier for gathering service resources and a new node for promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and has undertaken three core functions: facilitating international business exchanges, serving high-end international exhibition activities and improving the quality of training services.

The cooperation zone is adjacent to Pudong Airport and Shanghai East Railway Station, with a planned area of about 0.88 square kilometers. It is divided into two blocks with the G1503 expressway as the boundary.

The plan is clear. By 2025, the closed acceptance of the first start-up area of the business cooperation zone will be completed. By 2028, the business cooperation zone will be fully closed. By 2030, the business cooperation zone will be fully built. Upon completion, overseas personnel who take international or regional flights from Pudong International Airport do not need a Chinese visa, but only need to hold international travel documents to enter the area with a valid invitation filed by the comprehensive management agency of the business cooperation zone, and can stay for 30 days, and can apply for extension as needed. Shanghai Oriental Hub International Business Cooperation Zone will be built into a new highland of institutional openness, a new engine to smooth China’s economic cycle and a new hub to connect domestic and international dual cycles.

Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be closed for operation from March 1st.

From 0: 00 on March 1st, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone will be officially closed for operation. A series of preferential tax policies will be implemented from the operation of customs clearance, which will facilitate the exchange of goods and personnel between Hengqin and Macao.

Speed up the development of science and technologyDigital China Construction

Speeding up the construction of digital China and injecting powerful impetus into Chinese modernization.

According to the latest data, in 2023, the total added value of China’s industrial Internet industry reached 4.69 trillion yuan, accounting for 3.72% of GDP. Digital technology and the real economy continue to be deeply integrated to accelerate the development of new quality productivity.

Embark on a new journey and draw a new blueprint, and a series of top-level designs have landed one after another. "Overall Layout Planning of Digital China Construction" was issued, and the National Data Bureau was established. China has built the world’s largest communication network, with the number of 5G base stations exceeding 3.37 million. The annual growth rate of computing power scale has remained above 30%, and the digital base has been continuously consolidated.

Nowadays, the digital wave is accelerating the deep integration with the "five in one" of China’s economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction.

Collaborative innovation of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Construction started in the new year. This is a shield machine that is spread all over the country. Any tiny blade wear on it can be transmitted back to the digital twin system thousands of miles away in real time. In eight cities including Beijing, Shenzhen and Suzhou, on average, more than 500 intelligent networked vehicles are conducting road tests every day, and all vehicle test data can be transmitted to Wulanchabu Computing Center in real time in less than 10 milliseconds at the earliest for synchronous simulation and analysis.

Digital city construction has reached a new level. More than 90% of government services in China are available online, and the level of government governance has been greatly improved. The digital life scene is constantly changing, the subway can adjust the frequency in real time according to the flow of people, and the expressway can automatically remind the weather and road conditions, digitally accelerate the integration into all aspects of people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation, and make the people feel more gained.

Today, the construction of ecological civilization is also more intelligent. In the world’s largest clean energy corridor, the river will cross six power stations and cover 1,800 kilometers. During this period, whether it needs to be used for flood control, power generation, shipping and irrigation can now be accurately calculated through this newly built "smart brain".

The pace of digital culture construction continued to accelerate. The forms of "cloud tour" such as the Digital Forbidden City and Digital Expo are constantly updated. Up to now, China has published a total of 130,000 digital resources of ancient books online, and traditional culture has flourished in generate through digital technology.

This year, China will further strengthen the layout of digital China. According to statistics, in just two months, more than 20 provincial-level data management institutions have been established one after another, the construction of computing hub nodes in eight countries of the "East Counting and West Computing" project has been accelerated, the research on 5G lightweight has been fully launched, and the industrial Internet has entered a new stage of large-scale development. From the tip of the tongue to the fingertips, from the field to the workshop, digital technology is accelerating the all-round economic and social changes and injecting strong impetus into promoting Chinese modernization.

Beijing establishes large-scale model application industry consortium.

On February 29th, 2024 Beijing Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation and Development Conference was held in Beijing. The purpose of the conference is to promote the wide application of artificial intelligence technology and the deep integration of industries, and form a new quality productivity. Around the three elements of artificial intelligence computing power, data and algorithm, the first independent innovation artificial intelligence computing power cluster and large-scale model application industry consortium in Beijing were released, and a number of industrial cooperation projects were fully developed.

In 2023, "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" was released.

The reporter learned from the National Natural Science Foundation of China that the "Top Ten Scientific Progress in China" in 2023 was announced today (February 29th). The top ten advances are mainly distributed in life science and medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum, astronomy, chemical energy and other scientific fields. The selection has been held for 19 times since it was launched in 2005, and was voted by many high-level experts in the field of basic research, such as academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering.

The construction of a strong transportation country has changed from "big" to "strong"

In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Many sets of data outline the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

The data shows that the total mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network currently exceeds 6 million kilometers; The national railway operating mileage is 159,000 kilometers, including 45,000 kilometers of high-speed rail; The total mileage of national highways is 5.441 million kilometers, including 184,000 kilometers of expressways; The navigation mileage of inland waterways is 128,000 kilometers, including 17,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways; There are 22,000 productive berths in the port, including 2,883 berths with a tonnage of over 10,000 tons; There are 259 airports for civil aviation transportation, including 38 airports with annual passenger throughput exceeding 10 million passengers. Over the past five years, China has invested more than 18 trillion yuan in transportation fixed assets, and the construction of a transportation power has been accelerating. Major projects such as sichuan-tibet railway and Shenzhen-China Passage have been actively and effectively promoted, and major landmark projects such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Beijing Daxing International Airport have been put into operation. The pace of construction of intelligent railways, intelligent highways, intelligent navigation channels, intelligent civil aviation and intelligent postal services has been accelerated, and the scale of automated container terminals built and under construction ranks first in the world. The first domestic large-scale cruise ship was officially put into operation on New Year’s Day in 2024, C919 domestic large aircraft was officially put into commercial operation, the world’s first high-speed freight EMU with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour was rolled off the assembly line, the development of CR450 EMU continued to deepen, and the application of new energy and clean energy transportation equipment was accelerated.

Civil aviation transportation production started well.

The reporter learned from the press conference of the Civil Aviation Administration of China held on February 29 that since the beginning of this year, civil aviation transportation production has started well. In January, the total transportation turnover of the whole civil aviation industry was 11.61 billion tons kilometers, up 57.1% year-on-year; The passenger traffic volume was 57.318 million, up 44.1% year-on-year.

"Big country and heavy weapon" is new

China’s first self-developed 300 MW F-class heavy gas turbine went offline.

A few days ago, the first prototype of a 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine independently developed by China was finally assembled in Shanghai Lingang, marking the first time that China’s high-power heavy-duty gas turbine has completed the whole manufacturing process based on forward design. Heavy-duty gas turbine is the core equipment in the energy field. The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine rolled off the production line this time is the first heavy-duty gas turbine with the highest power and the highest technical level independently developed in China.

The level of medical services continued to improve.

China has built 46 national TCM inheritance and innovation centers.

The reporter learned from state administration of traditional chinese medicine that since the implementation of major projects for the revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine, the central government has invested nearly 13 billion yuan to promote the implementation of major projects. At present, the number of community health service centers and traditional Chinese medicine halls in township hospitals has increased to more than 40,000, and 46 national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers and 321 high-level key disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine have been built.

China continues to improve its comprehensive support capacity for rare diseases.

February 29th is the International Day for Rare Diseases. Up to now, more than 80 kinds of drugs for rare diseases have been included in the national medical insurance drug list in China, and the average price reduction of 51 kinds of drugs for rare diseases included through medical insurance negotiation has exceeded 50%. In 2023, 15 varieties of drugs with rare diseases were accelerated to market through priority review and approval procedures. Two batches of national rare diseases catalogues published by China have included 207 rare diseases.

　　CCTV News:The plot is always so similar. When people temporarily forget the barbaric growth, a sensational social news brings the rental platform under the chain home to the public’s attention.

　　On October 16th, a netizen named "My free neighbor is a fugitive" posted in Weibo that on October 13th, there was an incident of chopping people with a knife in a free shared rental house. Afterwards, there was blood all over the floor and walls of the rented house, and the smell of blood lingered, making other tenants unable to live, but they freely failed to give other tenants a reasonable explanation.

　　The authenticity and specific details of the incident have not yet been determined, but from the "deadly formaldehyde room" to the "horror camera", it claims to have the freedom of "artisan spirit" and has fallen into a number of negative public opinion whirlpools in recent months.

　　The tenant hacked people in the room. Manager: "What has affected you?"

　　On October 16, 2018, Weibo netizen "My free neighbor is a fugitive" posted that a fugitive with a criminal record had been living in his free room in Haidian, Beijing for half a year, and he hacked someone with a knife in his shared room last Saturday. After the incident, the room was covered with blood, but freely did not give other users a reasonable explanation.

　　Party Weibo (screenshot)

　　At the same time, there was a video posted on the Internet, in which there was a pool of blood on the floor of the room, bloody footprints spread all over the room, and white chairs and walls were splashed with stars. ……

　　In a recording widely circulated on the Internet, the manager’s complaint about the tenant’s anger seems quite indifferent: "I’ll have someone buy you some incense and make some fragrance in the house." In order to show his "sincerity" in handling this matter, the manager also asked the tenant what flavor of air freshener he liked.

　　In the subsequent dispute, the manager confidently asked the tenant, "What happened to you (in the house)?"

　　The authenticity of the recording can not be tested for the time being, and there is no public denial in terms of freedom.

　　After the public opinion fermented, the free customer service responded in Weibo that the matter was an emotional dispute between Ms. Zhang, a free tenant, and two men. The injured person was her ex-boyfriend and the injured person was her current boyfriend. Ms. Zhang is a free tenant, and neither the injured person nor the victim is a free tenant. He also said: the poster made a rumor that Ms. Zhang, the tenant, was a fugitive, which seriously infringed on the reputation of the company and Ms. Zhang, and freely reserved the right to pursue the legal responsibility of the rumor maker.

　　The reporter of "Legal Evening News" contacted the tenant. According to him, after the incident, due to the heavy smell of blood in the room, the poster contacted the free staff, hoping to change the similar room in the same area freely, but was rejected. If you want to "dry the blood", the tenant can go back to live that night. After the tenant refused, he freely said that he could stay in a hotel below 300 yuan for one day, and the company would reimburse him, and then he would live in the rented house after the matter was settled. "　

　　According to the owner, the tenant was taken to see the house after the incident, and only the poster failed to change the rent successfully, or the price was slightly different from the incident room because of the size and location of the room.　

　　At present, the incident continues to ferment, and there is no updated explanation from the free side, and no other actions have been seen in public relations.

　　"Privacy and life are the same."

　　Free official website (screenshot)

　　On the official website, a rental platform owned by Chain Home, there are a row of rooms to be rented: Mo Landi-colored walls and bedding, simple and neat iron or wooden furniture, and the sun shines through bright windows. This is a tenant’s ideal good residence, which meets the various needs of young people for a warm, decent, safe and orderly life.

　　At the beginning of its birth in 2011, it was free to provide an ideal home for young people struggling in big cities, and chain home executives also advertised the "ingenuity" of the company many times in interviews.

　　However, the word "ingenuity" was particularly ironic after a self-media article titled "Alibaba P7 employee died of leukemia and rented a free formaldehyde room before his death" was screened in September this year.

　　Ali, a 37-year-old employee, died of leukemia in less than two months after staying in a free room with excessive formaldehyde. Since then, the Beijing News reporter visited a number of freely rented houses and found that some houses suspected that formaldehyde exceeded the standard. According to the national standard, the indoor formaldehyde standard is 0.1 mg/m3, but the reporter found that the data was as high as 1.018 mg/m3 in a living room, which exceeded the standard by 10 times. Excessive formaldehyde has caused many tenants to have headaches, dry and itchy throats.

　　This is not the first time that formaldehyde in the room has exceeded the standard. However, in the first-tier cities where land is scarce and it is not easy to live in a big place, mature and high-quality housing is quite scarce, and the urgent need for a place to live makes people reduce their consideration of living safety to the second place. It’s just that it’s hard for a rental platform that prides itself on "artisan spirit" to make use of consumers’ eagerness to fish in troubled waters, lower the requirements for housing quality and earn "ambiguous money".

　　Some netizens said that they are a "green radish" who lives in a free room and sucks formaldehyde for free. Behind this black humor is the helplessness and protest of tenants.

　　In the face of surging public opinion, I freely apologized first, then promised that the newly collected houses would be vacant for 30 days, and then rented out after passing the formaldehyde test. In addition, I also took remedial measures such as returning the rent and measuring formaldehyde for free, which was an account for the tenants.

　　For an enterprise that has exposed multiple problems in risk control, management and compliance, "calm" has become a luxury.

　　The "pinhole camera incident" will be freely pushed to the forefront of public opinion.

　　The camera found by the party Chen Cheng (pseudonym) at home (Source: Network)

　　The client Chen Cheng (pseudonym) said that on the evening of September 11th, he found a "strange little hole" on the bedside socket, and it was suspected that a pinhole camera was installed. After reporting the case, it was confirmed by the police that there was a sneak shot device hidden behind the socket.

　　The tenant said that things have been reflected for more than a month, and the company has never given a solution. During this period, only one director stated that this matter has nothing to do with the company.

　　On October 14, the incident was exposed from the media and quickly fermented. On the 15 th, I finally made a public response freely: I have cooperated with the public security organs to file a case for investigation. It is natural to emphasize that the company has strict process inspection and system control on the decoration and configuration of newly-received and second-rented houses. After the incident, the safety management center of the company will further sort out and investigate the hidden dangers with the quality management, decoration and configuration and lease management departments.

　　On the morning of 16th, I had an interview with the tenant freely. However, at the end of the interview, the tenant said that he was free to propose another room change for himself, but he would not change rooms until the dust settled.

　　One after another, the lawsuits that have not yet "settled the dust" consume the reputation that you have been proud of for many years. Some netizens commented with intense emotions: "Living freely, privacy and life are the same." Search Weibo, and you can even see users with the nickname "Free to go out of business today".

　　Does an apology work or not?

　　In 2018, Didi apologized to the public twice for the "flight attendant murder case" and "Wenzhou girl murder case", each time being more sincere. In the open letter, Cheng Wei and Liu Qing reflected on their mistakes to the depths of their souls, saying that "the competitive heart overshadowed the initial heart" and "the lack of awe". In the eyes of the public, this did not save Didi’s reputation, more like "crocodile tears."

　　There are self-media predictions, and a free apology should not be far away.

　　As a traditional format upgraded by the Internet, it stands out in the rental market where "black intermediaries" are everywhere, focusing on better housing, stricter management, more transparent procedures and more humanized services. It is precisely because of this that young people are willing to pay hundreds or even thousands of dollars to choose it every month.

　　In recent years, snowballs have been getting bigger and bigger. In June of this year, it freely announced its achievements, saying that it has settled in nine cities across the country and managed 600,000 houses, claiming to be "the largest professional leasing institution in China".

　　However, there are frequent problems in management. In addition to several vicious incidents sorted out in the article, in the winter of 2017, in the special action of large-scale investigation, large-scale clean-up and large-scale rectification of potential safety hazards in Beijing, the partition room that was free from compliance was demolished, resulting in many households having nowhere to go; Social news about disputes over housekeeping, cleaning and household finance is also frequently seen in newspapers.

　　Looking at the free negative news, unlike Didi, it is not the business logic that has been criticized, but the procrastination and casual attitude after the incident, which is contrary to the entrepreneurial spirit it has always advocated. From indifference to formaldehyde housekeepers, to inaction in "camera incident" and "hacking incident" … … Free "arrogance" keeps consumers’ "prejudice" escalating.

　　So, here’s the problem. Where does the "arrogance" come from?

　　Internet companies provide services with matching information as the core to meet people’s needs of "food, clothing, housing and transportation". At the same time, there is also a huge "information gap" between consumers and enterprises. If you want to buy the convenience and comfort brought by this information, you must endure the "store bullying" of Internet companies.

　　Therefore, there are complaints on the Internet. In real life, on the flashing screen in the hands of "commuters", it is still dripping to match suitable vehicles for them; Young people who have just graduated still have to go back to the rented "free room" to settle down for a day’s fatigue.

　　This is a dilemma. As netizens said, "Didi is better than a black car" and "Free is better than ‘ Black intermediary ’ Good. "

　　In this dilemma, freely, Didi began to "pretend to sleep". They seem to forget that behind the massive information they have obtained are ordinary users; The market on which the pursuit of profits depends is also made up of ordinary users. They seem to forget that technology and algorithms can certainly create a more convenient life, but if consumers are regarded as dirt, it will only be a matter of time before word of mouth collapses and reputation goes bankrupt.

　　Marx once said: "Capital comes into the world from head to toe, and every pore is dripping with blood and dirty things". To clean the pores for the capitalists, it is far from enough to rely solely on their consciousness and conscience. In the past six months, Internet companies have intensified their rectification efforts, Didi has been interviewed and freely interviewed, and the "teeth" of supervision have become sharper and sharper.

　　Life is more than a room. The beautiful declaration of freedom is still hanging in official website, but they have no further explanation or public relations behavior in view of the fog of the "chopping people" incident.

　　Will the future be good?

　　"I don’t know in the future, 2013 is better. At that time, their services were not bad. " In an interview with a reporter, someone said so.

　　That year, Tencent invested 15 million yuan to take a taxi, and the iphone version of the APP was officially launched. That year, we came into contact with a brand-new concept — — "The Internet creates a better life for people".

　　Recently, a master’s thesis entitled "Sociological Research on Fart" was circulated on the Internet, causing controversy. Some netizens are "sarcastic": Cold Window has studied hard for so many years, and it is really a "fart". Some netizens commented after reading that things that seem meaningless and are sneered at are "serious things to dig into."

　　The Paper noted that the paper was written in 2007 by Gao Jianwei, an in-service master of sociology at Huazhong Normal University. At that time, Gao Jianwei not only passed the master’s thesis defense with this paper, but also was rated as "excellent".

　　As early as 2015, the paper had aroused public concern. Li Yaxiong, a tutor of Gao Jianwei and a professor at Huazhong Normal University, said in an interview with the media at that time, "There are actually many aspects in life that are worth exploring, and there is no need to always repeat some meaningless topics. Some topics that look different or niche are often more worthy of consideration and there will be more interesting discoveries."

　　In this regard, Zheng Zuoyu, a professor at the School of Sociology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that whether the paper can be written well depends on whether the attitude is correct. In his view, even if the topic is high, but the attitude is not good, "no use"; On the contrary, if the academic attitude is correct, the topic "No matter how bizarre it is" can also be described as a classic.

　　The thesis was praised by the tutor.

　　"I am often mentioned by people around me such a question: How did you do such a topic?" Gao Jianwei explained at the beginning of his thesis "Sociological Research on Fart" that he chose this topic because he accidentally saw two stories about fart on the Internet. In both stories, the protagonist changed his life track because of a fart, which triggered Gao Jianwei’s thinking.

　　Gao Jianwei believes that "fart" is not only a physiological phenomenon, but also a social phenomenon, which has various correspondences with social relations. Through the study of a large number of historical materials, he pointed out that fart exists as a social taboo in both western culture and eastern culture. This taboo not only spreads in all aspects of our daily life, but also widely exists in the superstructure fields such as education, manners and customs, habits, morality and even law.

　　Gao Jianwei deeply analyzed how fart behavior and phenomenon changed from a physiological behavior to a social taboo from the perspective of social genetics, and revealed the complex mechanism of this operation process. In the process of social development, fart has evolved from indiscriminate human behavior to behavior that occurs more frequently among some social members, and then to negative behavior in moral evaluation, and finally evolved into a form of social taboo.

　　The paper mentions that in the early stage of human beings, division of labor and class have not yet appeared, and fart behavior is primitive human beings — — That is, the most frequent and common physiological phenomenon of our ancestors. With the development of productive forces, social relations have changed, and the diet types and habits of the rich have changed, and they no longer fart frequently. At this point, the human fart experience has completed the first historic change, that is, from a common physiological phenomenon of human beings to a behavior that occurs more frequently and more commonly among some members of society (more poor people).

　　Through this transformation, fart behavior has gained some social significance, reflecting the fact that the upper and lower classes coexist and oppose each other. In order to maintain its dominant position, the upper class not only establishes an absolute control position in the political, economic and cultural fields, but also strives to "shape" the social state that adapts to its dominant position. Distinguish the upper and lower classes by etiquette, self-cultivation and taste. The upper class is often considered polite, while the members of the lower class are ordinary, vulgar and even despicable. In this context, farting is labeled as a negative moral label. Under the power of discipline, "fart" has changed from a negative social behavior defined by the upper class to a social taboo, and has been recognized and obeyed by all members of society.

　　He believes that this genetic process comes from the strange characteristics of power operation, namely, duality, dependence and publicity. Then it discusses the fart behavior and phenomenon of "no taboo", and thinks that this phenomenon essentially reflects the taboo existing form of fart behavior and phenomenon, and is related to the strange characteristics of power operation.

　　The Paper noted that this is not the first time that this paper has been concerned by netizens. In 2015, Beijing Evening News reported on this matter. Li Yaxiong, Gao Jianwei’s tutor and professor of Huazhong Normal University, was quite appreciative of the paper when interviewed.

　　According to his memory, when the paper was opened, the teachers all laughed at the first sight of the topic, but after the "laugh", everyone quickly discussed its academic value from a professional point of view, not simply talking about the matter, but using sociological theory for analysis. Li Yaxiong told the Beijing Evening News reporter at that time that Gao Jianwei’s research found a new way. In the case of repeated research, it was "precious" and teachers generally supported it.

　　"The defense effect is also very good, and it has also been rated as excellent. He (Gao Jianwei) has a good writing style and clear thinking. " Li Yaxiong said that because it is not convenient to do actual investigation, Gao Jianwei presented the genesis of fart, its vertical development in different times and the social meaning behind it through literature analysis and quotations. "I welcome this topic that comes from life and has humanistic care."

　　In this regard, The Paper recently contacted Professor Li Yaxiong several times for an interview, but the other party declined on the grounds of being away on business.

　　College teachers: With a correct attitude, no matter how strange the topic is, it can become a classic.

　　In fact, in recent years, many papers have attracted public attention because of their unique topics. Previously, papers such as "The Utopian Cat: The Identity and Fantasy of Cats Fans" and "The Influence of Illicium verum on the Volatile Flavor of Braised Chicken and Its Mechanism" have caused heated discussions.

　　"This is a question of diversification of topics, which I think is a good thing." Rui Liu, tutor of master students in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that the development of disciplines is characterized by "specialization" and "cross-integration", and "many problems that we didn’t think could be studied before have emerged now". "Personally, I think it is necessary to study such different problems, which can cover many blind spots of previous knowledge and inspire the society." Rui Liu said in an interview with The Paper recently.

　　In this regard, Zhou Tingting, an associate professor at the School of Journalism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that college students are active in thinking or familiar with new media, so they can really pay attention to some new phenomena. "Many phenomena can be used as the research topics of our thesis, but we should find an in-depth observation angle based on the discipline, not just describe ‘ Phenomenon ’ It is meaningless to do a simple analysis. " Zhou Tingting said.

　　Tan Songhua, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee, said that he had not read the above papers and could not comment on them. "How to write a graduation thesis, it is difficult to have a unified statement. Students with different majors, hobbies and energies have different factors to consider when choosing a topic. " Tan Songhua said that as far as he guides graduate students, the practical significance is more important when choosing the topic of the thesis, for example, it can promote the development, reform and social progress of the country.

　　For more and more "unique topics", Zheng Zuoyu, a professor at the School of Sociology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said that "there is nothing wrong with it". "Academic research should have cared about your life and the society you live in. Now that the era in which students live is full of these phenomena, it is natural to study these phenomena. " According to Zheng Zuoyu, the question is not whether the research topic is "innovative" or "serious", but whether the research attitude is correct.

　　Zheng Zuoyu said that individual students "lead a muddled life" and "choose the most mindless topic" when writing their papers. "Such a topic, even if it sounds tall, is actually vague." Zheng Zuoyu said that attitude is more important for writing papers.

　　"When I take part in the insurance research interview, I will ask students what fields they are interested in and have studied." Zheng Zuoyu found that most students from rural areas would say "I want to do rural research", or most female students would say "I want to do gender research". "But not many of these students have really studied the relevant knowledge. They just think that because of their identity, they can make some sense at worst. " Zheng Zuoyu believes that in this case, even if the topic is tall, the attitude is not correct, and it is "no use"; On the contrary, if the academic attitude is correct, the topic "No matter how bizarre it is" can also be described as a classic.

　　What do students think about the topic of the thesis? Li Yong (pseudonym), a graduate student in a university in Hunan, told The Paper that according to his observation, the source of the topic mainly has three parts, one is the combination of previous practical activities, the other is the combination of interests, and the third is from the tutor. "I prefer topics that I am interested in, and at the same time consider the significance of research, so I am motivated to write." Li Yong believes that interest is a good entry point. "When the school informs you to write a paper, you often feel confused and then choose a familiar field." (The Paper reporter He Liquan intern Hu Tianyi)