Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 14th Question: how to ensure supply and price stability if it continues to operate at a low level? -Price articles of mid-year economic research bank

Xinhua news agency reporter

Prices are related to economic operation and affect people’s lives. In the first half of this year, China’s prices maintained a stable operation, but since the second quarter, due to multiple factors, the increase has declined.

In the first half of the year, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.7% year-on-year, lower than the 1.7% increase in the same period last year. Among them, in June, CPI rose by 0.2% year-on-year from last month to flat, down by 0.2% month-on-month.

How to treat the current price trend? In the past few days, Xinhua News Agency reporters have conducted in-depth investigations in Hunan, Jiangsu and other places, and have truly felt that all parties have a solid support for effectively coping with price fluctuations, continuously strengthening the supply and stability of prices, and maintaining the stable operation of prices throughout the year.

Guarantee the supply of important commodities for people’s livelihood

Near the evening, many citizens are choosing pork, eggplant and other products at Chanan Farmers’ Market in jianye district, Nanjing, Jiangsu.

"Now, the price of vegetables and meat is generally low. The price of ordinary pork belly has dropped to more than 10 yuan a catty, and the’ vegetable basket’ is more comfortable." Aunt Xu, a Nanjing citizen who came to the market to buy food, said.

Since the beginning of this year, prices have continued to fall due to the time difference between supply and demand recovery and the high base.

Lower prices will help to reduce the cost of living of the people, but for the relevant production enterprises, it means that the sales price will fall, resulting in shrinking profits.

In the fruit trading area of Red Star Global Agricultural Products Wholesale Center in Changsha, Hunan Province, watching boxes of durian imported from Vietnam being unloaded in an orderly manner on the cold chain transport vehicle, Zhang Xinghua, the head of the "Fruit Taoren" business department of Hunan Fruit Friends Company, recorded the weight of durian in detail in a notebook, and roughly calculated the cost and estimated income.

"At the beginning of this year, we added a Vietnamese durian procurement contract. Durian shipments increased by 20% compared with last year, but the market sales volume was delayed, the average sales price fell, and the income continued to decline." Zhang Xinghua said.

Restricted by unstable income expectations and other factors, the demand of high-end fruit market has declined as a whole, which is a challenge for fruit wholesalers.

How to meet the challenge? Zhang Xinghua mainly plays "two cards".

"On the cost side, improve procurement efficiency, further optimize import transportation routes and reduce expenses; On the sales side, strengthen the national market pre-judgment and adjust shipments in a timely manner. For example, the price of durian in some cities in the north has rebounded, which will increase the supply to these cities. " Zhang Xinghua said that the company’s durian supply is still sufficient.

From the perspective of food prices, the fluctuation of pork prices is more obvious. In June, the price of pork decreased by 7.2% year-on-year, which was 4 percentage points higher than that of the previous month.

According to industry insiders, the pig breeding industry has been losing money for many months, and some pig enterprises have even fallen into the dilemma of "selling more and losing more". Under the pressure of low pig prices, most pig enterprises practice "internal strength" hard to improve management efficiency and fully hedge the risk of lower pig prices.

The reporter walked into the pig breeding factory of Mu Yuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. in Lishui, Nanjing. Locating bars, intelligent environmental control, precision feeding and other equipment were widely used in pig houses. The pregnant houses and delivery rooms were clean and tidy, and almost no pungent odor was smelled.

"By using digital technologies such as automatic inspection and intelligent recipe feeding, the daily gain of pig fattening exceeded 1000 grams, the survival rate increased by about 5%, and the breeding efficiency was greatly improved, which greatly alleviated the impact of this round of pig price decline." Qin Shaojun, regional manager of Sunan of Mu Yuan Group, said that the supply of live pigs in the group is generally stable at present.

Guaranteed supply and stable price, all localities are working hard. Jiangsu identified 881 emergency supply enterprises for daily necessities, established a special supply network and increased supply outlets; Jingde County, Anhui Province guides key commercial enterprises to broaden sources of supply and strengthen supply reserves; Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province opened the "Bus Vegetable Basket Huimin Station" to deliver fresh agricultural and sideline products to residents’ doorsteps through "direct mining, direct supply and direct sales" …

"In the face of multiple pressures, all localities and departments made efforts from both sides of supply and demand, strengthened the analysis and judgment of price trends, and timely adopted targeted price stabilization measures. In the first half of the year, the supply of important people’s livelihood commodities was sufficient, and the CPI generally maintained a moderate increase." Wang Likun, an associate researcher at the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

Actively respond to the downward impact of PPI

Coordinate the delivery schedule with the steel sales company, communicate with the old customers about the demand for steel, and adjust the delivery schedule by staring at the online steel price trend in real time … Yanyu, who has been engaged in steel agency for 15 years, said frankly that "steel prices have been bottoming out and I feel very nervous".

"This year, we signed a purchase agreement with Handan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. for more than 60,000 tons of construction steel and cold-rolled steel plates, and shipped more than 5,000 tons of steel every month as planned, but since the beginning of the year, the price of steel has continued to be sluggish, with a year-on-year decline of about 30%." Smoke jade said.

"Low price" is the feeling of many commodity enterprises this year.

Mainly affected by international import factors, commodity prices continued to fall. In the first half of the year, the national producer price index (PPI) decreased by 3.1% year-on-year, and the decline expanded month after month.

In the investigation, the reporter found that relevant industries are actively responding to the downward impact of PPI through innovative measures such as adjusting product structure and improving industrial chain.

At 4: 00 pm on June 28th, the oil tanker "Haixinyou 616" was loaded with 9981 tons of aviation kerosene and sailed from Pier 11 of Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company to Shanghai Pudong Airport, which was the sixth oil tanker that the company sailed that day.

Facing the downward fluctuation of international crude oil price and the shrinking profit space of refined oil, chemical products and by-products, Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company aimed at market demand, increased the production and supply of aviation kerosene, high-end graphite materials, aromatic hydrocarbons and other products, and tapped new profit growth points.

"In the first half of the year, the output of aviation kerosene increased by 35% year-on-year, which not only helped to ensure the recovery of the civil aviation industry, but also increased revenue and efficiency for enterprises." Liu Wenbao, manager of the production planning department of Jinling Petrochemical Company of China Petrochemical Company, said that we expect that there is still room for growth in sales and profits throughout the year.

PPI is related to the price of raw materials, and its decline is expanding, which increases the operating pressure of upstream enterprises, but it is conducive to reducing the production costs of downstream industries such as home appliances and paper making, which is good for downstream enterprises.

"Affected by positive factors such as falling raw material prices and stable sales, the consumption of household appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators maintained a relatively high growth in the first half of the year, and the unit price growth rate of user consumption was above double digits. On average, there were more than 50 stores in various formats such as Suning Yijia Plaza Store and Suning Yijia Flagship Store." The person in charge of Suning.cn said.

Li Gang, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that PPI is mainly affected by changes in the international market, and it is not completely synchronized with CPI fluctuations. Keeping its fluctuation range at a relatively reasonable level is conducive to the coordinated development of upstream and downstream industries. Recently, the policy of stabilizing industry has been continuously introduced, some of which are taking effect, helping enterprises to stabilize orders and expand the market, and the cardinal utility has weakened. The year-on-year decline of PPI is expected to narrow in the second half of the year.

Prices may remain moderately rising.

As an important indicator of macroeconomic operation, the price increase has continued to fall, even causing some concerns about the economy falling into deflation. Will prices continue to fall in the second half of the year? How to treat the price situation? The reporter came to the front line to observe the price dynamics.

Xinfadi market is called the "vegetable basket" of Beijing citizens. Tong Wei, the person in charge of Xinfadi Market, said that recently, the average daily market volume of vegetables has stabilized at around 19,000 tons, and the prices of some vegetables have increased due to the rebound in demand. For example, cucumbers produced in Langfang, Hebei Province have high tenderness and good taste, and the demand continues to increase, driving up prices.

According to the data of key e-commerce platforms, the demand for fruit consumption in the season is strong, and the price of fresh fruit is expected to pick up. "Recently, we have increased the purchase of seasonal fruits such as peaches and bayberries, and launched hundreds of products to cool off the summer and ensure market supply." The person in charge of the US group buying food said.

At present, the price of "vegetable basket" has increased year-on-year. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, from July 3 to July 9, the average weekly wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored mainly increased by 13% year-on-year.

The price trend is the same as that of the "vegetable basket". Under the influence of policies such as promoting consumption, the prices of home appliances and tourism are on the rise.

At present, Suning.cn has further increased the supply of high-end household appliances. "Recently, the order volume of high-end home appliances has continued to increase, and it is expected that the unit price of user consumption will further increase." The person in charge of Suning.cn said.

According to Wang Likun’s analysis, with the increasing endogenous kinetic energy of China’s economy, the bilateral recovery of supply and demand tends to be balanced, and the market circulation order continues to improve, market confidence increases and expectations continue to improve. It is expected that the overall price increase will gradually return to a reasonable level in the second half of the year.

The National Energy Administration urged power generation enterprises to implement a stable supply of coal and gas, sign a medium-and long-term contract agreement on coal and gas with good quality and quantity, and actively respond to the peak of electricity consumption this summer; The National Development and Reform Commission will, together with relevant parties, start the second batch of central pork storage and purchasing during the year, and guide all localities to synchronize storage and purchasing, so as to push the price of live pigs back to a reasonable range as soon as possible; Hubei and Beijing issue a new round of coupons …

Recently, all parties have made active efforts from both sides of supply and demand to ensure the supply of important commodities for people’s livelihood and promote the continuous recovery of consumer demand. According to industry analysts, at present, China’s total economic supply and demand are basically balanced, and the monetary conditions are reasonable and moderate. At the end of June, the broad money (M2) balance increased by 11.3% year-on-year; Residents’ expectations are stable and there is no basis for long-term deflation or inflation.

"From the perspective of the whole year, with the steady expansion of China’s market demand and the gradual increase of production and supply, the relationship between supply and demand is expected to be generally stable, and consumer prices will generally maintain a moderate increase." Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said. (Reporter Wei Yukun, Gao Kang, Yan Fujing, Zhao Jiulong, Zhou Nan)

Original six-story demon tower

Photo: Huang Zi | Written by: Six-story Demon Tower | Editor: Ayue

▲ Image source: homemade in the eleventh clinic

Have not had sex all the time, can you not do gynecological examination?

First of all, answer the first question: even if you have never had sex, you need to have a gynecological examination.

Of course, here we should distinguish between broad and narrow gynecological examinations. When it comes to gynecological examination, many fairies first associate it with gynecological examination.

It requires women to lie on a special gynecological examination bed, and doctors can open the yin channel through a speculum (duck-billed forceps) to check the yin channel and the cervix, and if necessary, take samples and check the secretion of the yin channel and the exfoliated cells of the cervix, and then know whether there is any abnormality in the uterus and bilateral ovarian fallopian tubes through Shuang Hezhen or triple diagnosis.

The gynecological examination that our doctors usually say includes a series of laboratory tests such as ultrasound and tumor markers, in addition to physical examination.

For female friends who have never had sex, gynecological examination is definitely not suitable, but this does not mean that we don’t need gynecological examination.

We should not actively ignore or passively refuse gynecological examination because we have never had sex.

Yaota met many female patients who had never had sexual life in clinical work. It was precisely because of the wrong idea that there would be no gynecological diseases without sexual life that the best treatment opportunity for the disease was delayed. Among them, there were many cases of malignant tumors, which can be said to be a lesson of blood.

What makes me feel most sorry is a patient not long ago. She never had sex, so she never had a gynecological examination. She had a gynecological B-ultrasound by chance and found a tumor in her uterus. She sought some Chinese medicine treatment by mistake, but it didn’t work. One day she came to our hospital because of acute abdominal pain.

We thought it was just a simple fibroid degeneration, but after the operation, we realized that the condition was far more serious than we thought. The final postoperative pathology was uterine sarcoma, a highly malignant uterine tumor.

After surviving the postoperative rehabilitation period and unusually uncomfortable chemotherapy, I thought everything was going well. However, less than a month after the end of chemotherapy, the tumor recurred and metastasized to the intestine, and she underwent laparotomy again.

The last time I contacted her, she told me, Yaota, I won’t go to your hospital. The tumor has metastasized to the lungs. I’ll go to another hospital. Later, I didn’t see her update her circle of friends. I don’t know how she is now, but I can still remember her strong smile.

▲ Image source: giphy

Forgive the demon tower. I’m old, and I feel it. It’s a bit far.

What tests should I do if I have no sex life?

Then answer the second question: even if we have never had sex, we can still do gynecological B-ultrasound (transabdominal or anal ultrasound); You can also check yin secretion, tumor markers and hormone levels. And from the point of view of gynecological physical examination, although we can’t do Shuang Hezhen, we can learn about pelvic cavity through anal examination when necessary.

Gynecological B-ultrasound: It can help us to know the thickness of endometrium, whether there is abnormal echo in uterine cavity (such as endometrial polyp and submucosal myoma), whether there is abnormal echo in myometrium (such as hysteromyoma and adenomyosis) and whether there is abnormal echo in ovarian fallopian tube (such as ovarian tumor and hydrosalpinx);

Yin secretion: it is not that there will be no yin inflammation without sexual life! Doctors can use a cotton swab to get yin secretion for laboratory examination without opening the yin channel with a speculum.

Tumor marker: This test is more routine and simple, that is, blood drawing. Among many tumor markers, CA125, which is closely related to female diseases, is the most common and you know the most. Generally speaking, CA125 will be elevated in many cases, such as before and after menstruation, endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian malignant tumor.

Hormone level: including six items of sex hormones, AMH and other tests, we often need to use the results of six items of sex hormones to help doctors judge the condition when diagnosing and treating female endocrine diseases such as abnormal uterine bleeding and polycystic ovary. AMH can help us understand the reserve function of female ovaries and better guide pregnancy preparation. These are also blood tests.

▲ Image source: giphy

What will happen if I accidentally do the yin examination?

The third question: What will happen if you accidentally do the yin examination?

Before answering this question, first of all, we need to be clear. First, we can’t choose not to check out because of fear or concern. Second, when we ask the doctor, we should clearly tell the doctor that I have never had sex before, so as to avoid the possibility of accidentally doing yin examination to a great extent.

Through the description of gynecological physical examination in Yaota, I believe you may have guessed that the following may happen to women who have no sexual life after yin examination.

ache

Yin Dao flap (common name hymen) is a mucous membrane with certain elasticity. With the invasion of speculum, yin Dao flap has not broken yet, but it will induce vulvar pain due to expansion. At this time, something must be done to stop it.

Rupture and bleeding of yin valve

Some female friends have high elasticity of the yin valve, and there may be no obvious pain in the process of entering the speculum, but with the opening of the upper and lower leaves of the speculum, the yin valve will basically rupture or even bleed during this process.

At this time, it is necessary to compress the wound to stop bleeding. Generally, a sterile cotton ball will be selected, and it will be removed after 5 to 10 minutes of compression to observe the bleeding of the wound.

Because the yin flap is thin, there are often some capillaries distributed here, which can basically stop bleeding through compression. However, if it happens to damage a relatively large blood vessel, it may be necessary to stop bleeding through suture if necessary, but this situation is very rare.

infect

If this happens unfortunately, you must pay attention to the cleanliness of the vulva after the bleeding stops, so as to avoid infection of the wound. Of course, this kind of situation is also very rare, because this kind of wound of yin mucosa usually heals very quickly.

Yao ta Xiao tips

If the doctor gives you a gynecological B-ultrasound checklist, you must see clearly whether it is through the yin channel, abdomen or anus before paying the fee. If it is through the yin channel, or if you feel that you can’t accept the transanal B-ultrasound examination, you must find a doctor to change the checklist.

Original title: "It is strongly recommended that all women must do these four tests during physical examination (whether they have sex or not)"

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　　Some professional qualification certificates can be inquired through the national networking system.

　　Investigation on the phenomenon of illegal sale of "real certificate"

　　Investigation motive

　　It seems that the demand for various qualification certificates through informal channels has not decreased, which can be seen from a fraudulent case of manufacturing and selling fake certificates on the websites of state organs uncovered by the police in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. In this case, the police have initially identified more than 34,000 pieces of information about people who handle false certificates, involving labor and personnel, science, education and culture, health care and medicine, engineering construction and other fields, and the personnel are distributed in more than 20 provinces, cities and regions across the country.

　　Where there is demand, there is market. From street poles to online shops, accreditation advertisements can be seen almost everywhere. In everyone’s impression, such advertisements for accreditation correspond to fake documents, just like the case cracked by Nantong police. However, the "Legal Daily" reporter found that in the accreditation business, some businesses claimed that they could provide "genuine" professional qualification certificates.

　　□ Our reporter Han Dandong

　　□ Intern Li Wenguan of this newspaper

　　Han Lin, who is studying at Tianjin Normal University, has been struggling recently. Seeing that she will graduate next year, she hasn’t got a teacher’s qualification certificate so far because Mandarin is not enough, which has a great impact on finding a job.

　　There are two choices before Han Lin, either practicing Putonghua hard and taking the exam again, or spending money to get a Putonghua grade certificate. "Compared with the two, the risks are the same." Han Lin said, "if you take the exam again, you may still fail;" Spend money to apply for a certificate, although the other party promises to inquire, but I don’t know whether it is true or not. "

　　Han Lin told the reporter of Legal Daily that it is almost an open secret among the students to spend money on the real certificate that can be inquired through official website. According to her understanding, in addition to the teacher qualification certificate, legal professional qualification certificate and other certificates can not be bought online, some professional qualification certificates, such as Putonghua grade certificate, health certificate, nutritionist and other certificates can be bought online, "it is said that it can also be found on official website".

　　According to the regulations, applicants need to take the corresponding exams and meet the standards before they can obtain the qualification certificate. Does it really exist that you can get a qualification certificate without taking an exam and be able to query through official website? The "Legal Daily" reporter launched an investigation on this.

　　3,500 yuan to run the Putonghua Grade Certificate.

　　For those who want to engage in the teaching profession, the Putonghua grade certificate is a necessary document. However, some people miss out on the teaching position because Mandarin is not up to standard, such as Zhou Wei.

　　Although I majored in education in college and always wanted to be a teacher, Zhou Wei has been unable to apply for a teacher position. "Because my Mandarin is not enough, I can’t take the teacher qualification exam, so I can’t apply for a teacher. Now I can only do some non-teaching work in some small training institutions."

　　Zhou Wei said that the failure of Putonghua has always bothered her, so she paid attention to all kinds of information about the Putonghua exam. At the beginning of this year, when she inquired about relevant information, she found that an online shop was selling Putonghua Grade Certificate, and it could be inquired through official website. "I chose a good online shop. The store said that 3,500 yuan can be used for a first-class and second-class certificate of Putonghua. Pay the deposit of 600 yuan first, and it can be done in two months. After another month, you can check online, and you can pay the final payment after the inquiry. " Zhou Wei said, "At that time, I tentatively asked if I could directly apply for a teacher qualification certificate. The store’s statement is that it is too difficult to apply for a teacher qualification certificate. "

　　Holding the psychology that "a dead horse is a living horse doctor", Zhou Wei paid the store a 600 yuan deposit. Two months later, the first-class and second-class certificate of Putonghua was sent to Zhou Wei. About a week later, the store told Zhou Wei that she could inquire. Zhou Wei logged into the national Putonghua training and testing information resource network and found that both scores and certificates could be found. Zhou Wei then clicked on the online store to confirm the payment.

　　With the experience of handling Putonghua Grade Certificate, Zhou Wei took advantage of the opportunity to spend money to buy a second-class computer certificate. "I checked, and there is no problem."

　　Online shopping level 4 chef’s certificate can be queried online.

　　Liu Jun, from Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, also told reporters about his experience of buying a certificate.

　　In July this year, Liu Jun learned from a friend that he could buy a certificate. After that, he searched for an online shop with a permit business on an e-commerce platform.

　　"I’m a good cook. I’ve always wanted to get a chef’s certificate. I just tried it that time." Liu Jun told reporters that after he told the online shop owner about the need for a chef’s certificate, the other party said that there was no problem, and he only needed to provide a 1-inch ID photo and a photo of the front and back of the ID card. He sent the photos to the other party’s mailbox as requested by the other party.

　　"The shopkeeper said that the first cooperation was a sign of sincerity, and payment could be made after the certificate was completed. It will take about two months to get the certificate. Official website needs to wait for a month or so after the certificate is completed. " Liu Jun said.

　　On September 21st, Liu Jun received a photo of the certificate from the owner of the online shop. "What is shown above is my personal information. The column of occupation (type of work) and grade is filled in as Chinese Cooker Level 4. The score of theoretical knowledge test is 67, and the score of operational skills test is 68, and the evaluation result is qualified." Liu Jun said that the certificate was issued on September 14th, 2017. At that time, official website still couldn’t find it. The owner said that online inquiry will have to wait for about a month.

　　On November 10th, Liu Jun received a notice from the owner that the previous certificate had been online. Liu Jun inquired online according to the information of the photos he had received before, and information such as personal basic information and test scores appeared on the webpage, which was exactly the same as the information on the certificate. The data was reported on November 7.

　　Subsequently, Liu Jun forwarded the previously agreed 400 yuan to the other party via WeChat, and sent the address to the other party. The owner said that it would be mailed as soon as possible and paid by SF Express. On November 13th, Liu Jun received the documents mailed by the other party.

　　Liu Jun showed the reporter this "real certificate" purchased from the Internet. The reporter saw that the official seal of the issuing authority on the left side of the certificate is the special seal for the appraisal of the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of a city in Jiangxi Province, and the special seal for the professional skill appraisal of occupational skill testing authority of a city in Jiangxi Province on the right side of the certificate, with the words of steel seal clearly visible.

　　Customer service reminds me to search for official website query by myself.

　　Is Zhou Wei and Liu Jun’s experience of buying securities a case or a market?

　　On an e-commerce platform, the reporter of Legal Daily searched for the keyword "certificate", and thousands of products appeared in the query results. However, the query page says "training" and "certificate holster, diploma qualification certificate driver’s license shell … …”

　　"Legal Daily" reporter entered an online shop, which opened in 2009, with a favorable rate of more than 98%. The owner of the online shop wrote in the statement: "Chengzheng Studio undertakes all kinds of complicated certificates, five-star service, fair price, professional technology, advanced equipment, quick delivery and your satisfaction are the driving forces for us to continue. Welcome everyone to come! Registration process: consult and confirm the registration materials submitted for the registration course and pay the registration fee. After checking the certificate, pay the final payment SF mail certificate. "

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter opened the online consultation window of the store, and the other party directly asked: "What certificate do I need to apply for?" The reporter asked if he could apply for a welding certificate, and the customer service quickly replied "Yes" and introduced the price of each certificate to the reporter.

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter asked the store owner how to pay for all the treasures in the online store. The customer service said that after discussing the price of the certificate, just shoot the baby in the certificate shell directly. The price of the certificate shell is 10 yuan, so you can shoot more babies according to the certificate price.

　　Subsequently, the reporter of Legal Daily searched with "professional qualification certificate" as the key word, and there was no need to filter. The search results all read "professional qualification certificate, human resource manager level 1, level 2 and level 3". The reporter clicked into an online shop named "Yimei Culture and Education Center". Just entering the online store, the customer service staff asked the reporter what certificate he needed to apply for. The reporter asked if he could apply for a chef’s certificate. The customer service replied: "Yes, you need to provide one-inch or two-inch recent photos (blue or red background, white background) and a copy of your ID card. You can only apply for intermediate or advanced, intermediate 780 yuan, and advanced 1,280 yuan. The intermediate certificate will be issued in about two months, and the advanced certificate will be issued in three or four months. After the certificate is issued, it will be queried on the national website in two months."

　　The reporter asked how to ensure the authenticity of the documents. The customer service immediately said, "It’s impossible for a fake certificate to come down for that long. It’s good to make a fake certificate for a few days. Besides, you have to go to jail for making a fake certificate. If you don’t believe it, you can wait until you find it before confirming the receipt. "

　　After listening to the introduction of customer service, the reporter said that some inquiry websites are fake now. The customer service reminded the reporter that you should not use the website that the merchant gave you to inquire, but directly search for the national vocational qualification certificate from the Internet, and inquire from the regular official website. "The real certificates are all checked about two months after the issuance of the certificate, and the national inquiry system is updated regularly, so it is impossible to check the certificate."

　　Online shop trading cycle is consistent, but prices are different.

　　In an online shop named "Jiangxi Textual Research Network", the reporter of "Legal Daily" just clicked on the chat page, and the other party suggested that the reporter contact by phone or WeChat. The reporter added a WeChat according to the mobile phone number provided by the other party, and this is called "Jiangxi Textual Research Studio — — Teacher Li’ s people started to communicate. The reporter asked what documents he could apply for, and "Teacher Li" said that he could only apply for some professional qualification certificates, and guaranteed that they could be checked.

　　An online shop named "Macy’s University Hall" opened on October 11th, 2004, with a favorable rate of 99.44%. It is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu. When entering the store, there are three points for attention on the home page: special goods, once sold, will not be returned, please know; All trainees who have been trained by this institution shall ensure to get the vocational qualification certificate recognized by the state; All certificates can be checked for permanent registration, which can be checked in this life and in the next life. At the bottom of the page, the optional certificates include 10 categories, such as business services, electronic information and building electrician.

　　The "Legal Daily" reporter inquired about a number of online stores on an e-commerce platform. The shopkeepers’ caliber was almost the same, and they all guaranteed to issue certificates in two or three months. After issuing certificates, they could check online for two months. Most of them traded by paying the deposit first and then paying the final payment. The materials needed to apply for certificates are almost the same, mostly photos and copies of ID cards, and some need to fill out a form, including the name, age, education and other basic information of the applicant. The prices of these documents vary. Take the intermediate vocational qualification certificate as an example. Some merchants ask for three or four hundred yuan, while others ask for seven or eight hundred yuan, all of which promise to be checked for life.

　　Vocational skill appraisal institutions organize examinations.

　　According to the regulations, what are the procedures for applying for vocational qualification certificates?

　　According to a staff member of the Business Department of the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, citizens who want to obtain vocational qualification certificates should register at the vocational skill appraisal institute first. Vocational skill appraisal institute is established with the approval of personnel department, and every district in Lanzhou has vocational skill appraisal institute. After the registration, the vocational skill appraisal institute first examines the qualifications of candidates, including age, whether the education is appropriate, and the type of personnel, such as students or social workers. After the vocational skill appraisal institute examines the qualifications of the registered candidates, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will conduct further qualification examination, mainly to see whether there are conditions for entering the examination. In the third step, the vocational skill appraisal institute needs to do preparatory work before the exam, such as printing the admission ticket. These are all audit links, and they are also the work that needs to be done in vocational skill appraisal. The fourth step is to organize the candidates’ examination by the vocational skill appraisal institute. After the candidates get the admission ticket, they will take the examination according to the time and place specified in the admission ticket. At the end of the exam, the vocational skill appraisal institute will score and score, and it will be qualified if it reaches 60 points or more. After that, the vocational skill appraisal institute reported the data of qualified candidates to the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau. The Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will further review various information such as candidates’ grades and ages. After the examination and approval by the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau, the data of qualified candidates will be reported to the provincial appraisal center. After the final review, the provincial appraisal center will inform the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau of the results, and one who is qualified will be given an empty certificate, and then the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau will fill in the information and finally issue the certificate.

　　According to this staff member, the examination was organized by the Vocational Skills Appraisal Institute. During the examination, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau organized personnel to conduct on-site inspections. For the examination papers, the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau should also organize personnel to conduct spot checks, and the workload of the census is too great.

　　So, what is the vocational skill appraisal institute?

　　The reporter inquired that both the vocational skill appraisal institute and the human resources service intermediary agency applied to the municipal human resources department or the provincial human resources department for establishment.

　　Article 69 of the Labor Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: The state determines the occupational classification, sets the vocational skill standards for the specified occupations, and implements the vocational qualification certificate system, and the assessment and appraisal institutions approved by the government are responsible for the assessment and appraisal of workers’ vocational skills.

　　Paragraph 2 of Article 26 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Promotion of Private Education stipulates that students who have received vocational skills training and passed the appraisal by vocational skill appraisal institutions approved by the government may be issued with national vocational qualification certificates.

　　How to apply for the establishment of a vocational skill appraisal institution? The reporter inquired about the information and found that the conditions for accepting the identification of vocational skill appraisal institutions by local human and social departments are almost the same. Taking Tianjin as an example, the application conditions are as follows: vocational skill appraisal institutions should meet the basic conditions stipulated by national laws, regulations and policies; The sponsor shall have the legal person qualification; Having a clear name, organization and articles of association; There are full-time and part-time assessors; Having the purpose, objective and outline of appraisal; Equipment and facilities meet the prescribed standards; The registered capital reaches the prescribed standard; There are venues that meet the needs of identification.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, the interviewee in this article is a pseudonym.)

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun

　　In the past few days, a screenshot poking fun at domestic refined oil prices has been widely circulated in the circle of friends:

　　"Ten years ago, on March 20, 2008, the international crude oil was $147 per barrel, and the domestic oil price was 6.3 yuan; Ten years later, on May 26th, 2018, the international crude oil price was $75.56 per barrel, and the domestic oil price was 7.4 yuan. Maybe the bucket is expensive. "

　　In fact, since the international oil price plummeted in the second half of 2014, similar paragraphs have emerged one after another. From a purely numerical point of view, today’s international oil price is indeed lower than that of ten years ago, and the domestic refined oil price is indeed higher than that of ten years ago. However, the pricing mechanism of refined oil in China is not as simple as many people think, especially when the consumption tax on refined oil has increased by nearly seven times. It is unreasonable to simply compare the figures. To discuss the comparison of oil prices between 2008 and today, we need to consider the following factors:

　　petrol quality upgrade

　　In 2008, private cars still drank the national standard gasoline, and today it is the national standard gasoline ten years later. The "2+26" cities including Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have been upgraded to the national standard in advance. When oil products are upgraded, prices naturally rise. According to the statistics of Zhuo Chuang Information, a market organization, the price increase standards for automobile gasoline and diesel from the third country to the fourth country are 290 yuan and 370 yuan per ton respectively; The price increase standards for upgrading from National IV to National V are respectively 170 yuan and 160 yuan per ton. That is, the total price of gasoline is increased by 460 yuan/ton, which is equivalent to the price increase of No.92, which is 0.36 yuan.

　　The consumption tax on refined oil has increased by nearly seven times.

　　The consumption tax on refined oil refers to the tax paid by consumers when they consume refined oil. It is paid by the main units such as refineries at the initial stage of production, commissioned processing and import. The collection targets include seven subheads, including gasoline, diesel oil and fuel oil, which belong to the central tax category. China began to levy consumption tax on gasoline in 1994. In 2008, the domestic consumption tax on gasoline was only in 0.2 yuan/liter.

　　From the end of 2014 to the beginning of 2015, the domestic consumption tax on refined oil was raised three times in 45 days. At that time, the Ministry of Finance said that the consumption tax in China is not generally levied, but only on "some consumer goods with high energy consumption, high pollution and high consumption". "The consumption tax on refined oil is conducive to promoting resource conservation and curbing excessive consumption of energy, which is a relatively common practice in the world." Regarding the timing of raising the tax rate, the Ministry of Finance explained that "choosing to implement it when the oil price goes down not only did not lead to an increase in oil prices due to tax increase, but also realized the synchronization of tax increase and price reduction, taking into account the macro-control needs and social affordability."

　　After three upward adjustments, the gasoline consumption tax was 1.52 yuan/liter, which has been maintained to this day.

　　In addition to consumption tax, China consumers also need to pay value-added tax and urban construction tax when purchasing refined oil. It is roughly estimated that the tax burden cost of circulation links accounts for about 40% of the total refined oil price.

　　"At present, domestic refined oil products include 1.52 yuan/liter consumption tax, 16% value-added tax and 12% other taxes and fees. Due to the different oil prices in different regions of China, the proportion of taxes and fees is also different. " Xu Na, a refined oil analyst at Zhuo Chuang Information, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that the current price of No.92 gasoline in Guangzhou is 7.44 yuan/liter, including 1.52 yuan/liter consumption tax, 1.03 yuan/liter value-added tax and 0.31 yuan/liter other taxes. Therefore, on the whole, the price increase of Guangzhou No.92 gasoline includes 2.86 yuan tax, accounting for 38.4%.

　　In addition, the tax burden of refined oil products in different countries in the world is not horizontally comparable, because the tax burden is related to national policies, oil production capacity, per capita income level and social welfare.

　　Changes of refined oil pricing mechanism

　　Ten years ago, there was no price adjustment cycle for domestic refined oil products, which was not closely related to international oil prices.

　　The current refined oil price mechanism stipulates that the prices of gasoline and diesel are adjusted every 10 working days according to the changes of crude oil prices in the international market, and the effective time of price adjustment is 24: 00 on the release date of price adjustment. As long as the international oil price is between the "floor price" of $40/barrel and the "ceiling price" of $130/barrel, the change rate should be adjusted if the adjustment range of gasoline and diesel exceeds that of 50 yuan. When the price adjustment range is lower than the 50 yuan per ton, no adjustment will be made, and it will be added or offset in the next price adjustment.

　　Because of this, after the international crude oil price soared to an all-time high of $147 per barrel in 2008, the domestic refined oil price did not rise as the international oil price soared. For the smooth operation of the domestic economy, domestic "two barrels of oil" did "pay the bill" for high oil prices.

　　At the beginning of 2015, a paragraph about oil prices was widely circulated on the Internet: "Today (March 20th) is a special day. Seven years ago, today in 2008, the international crude oil was $147 per barrel, and the oil price in China was RMB per liter in 6.3 yuan. Today in 2015, the international crude oil is 43 dollars per barrel, and the China oil price is still 6.3 yuan RMB per liter. Is the oil price going up or down? " Just a few words have attracted countless spit and controversy.

　　In this regard, Sinopec claimed to be "the big head" in the official Weibo: "Today (referring to March 21, 2015), the international crude oil is 43 US dollars per barrel, and the EU is about 9.1 yuan and China is about 6.3 yuan per liter. Seven years ago, today in 2008, due to the economic situation in China and the pressure from all sides, the price adjustment of domestic refined oil was reduced. The international crude oil was US$ 147 per barrel, while the EU was about RMB 14.8 per liter, while China was only 6.3 yuan per liter. Who is ‘ Big head ’ , you know. "

　　The following figure shows the global ranking of gasoline price increase as of May 28, 2018 (part):

　　"If you are in politics, you will be governed by the feelings of the next, and if you can’t, you will be chaotic." An important aspect of keeping close contact with the masses is the trend of investigation and research in Daxing.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Party Building Work Conference of Central and State Organs (July 9, 2019)

　　"When you are in power, you will be governed by the emotions, but if you are not in power, you will be in chaos." The language Mozi Shang Tong means that politicians should fully grasp the emotions and public opinion before they can manage the society well, otherwise it will easily lead to chaos. To understand the next situation, we must sink down to the people in a down-to-earth manner.

　　In the Ming Dynasty, there was an official named Zhou Chen who liked to "go into the fields, talk to the villagers and ask about their sufferings". One night, Zhou Chen passed by a village and saw villagers enjoying the cool under the tree, so he took the initiative to talk. It was not until the subordinates found it that the villagers knew that the person in front of them was actually the governor of Jiangnan. In this way, "every time I sit in one place, I am afraid that it will not be exhausted." Zhou Chen learned a lot of local facts through face-to-face conversations with the people.

　　Later, Zhou Chen founded the "square meter law" and reduced the rent of grain from official land, which reduced the burden on the people and solved the problem of tax arrears. He insisted on consulting the people, and many reform strategies came from research. People commented: "Every time Zhou Wenxiang made a revolution, he would oppose reconsideration with officials and scholars. For example, if you elaborate a method, you will call Dongmen huangpo into the platform and often leave a message until midnight. "

　　"The feeling of winning" can not only know "the hardship of farming" and "the hardship of spinning performance", but also serve as an important basis for scientific decision-making. Historically, Shang Yang’s "a strong country knows thirteen numbers" and the two tax laws of the Tang Dynasty were all strategies for governing the country after in-depth investigation.

　　Wang Zhiwang, an official in the Southern Song Dynasty, was the first person who conducted a large-scale public opinion survey in ancient China and revised the national tax policy on this basis. At that time, in view of the uneven land tax and chaotic taxation, the Southern Song government decided to clear the land and rectify the taxation, and introduced the "Economic Boundary Law", but there were great differences among the people. Wang Zhiwang realized that "the matter is the most important, the opinions are different, the interests are suspicious, and I dare not judge by partiality." So, he began to make a comprehensive survey.

　　Wang Zhiwang asked his subordinates to go door-to-door to see how many people supported the old tax law and how many supported the new tax law, and then summarized and analyzed them. This time, a total of 9 States, more than 30 counties and more than 330,000 households were involved, and the amount of work was huge.

　　According to the investigation results, Wang Zhiwang revised the tax reform plan and submitted "On the Management of Tongchuan Road" to the court. In the memorial, he emphasized the different opinions of the people in different States on the "Jing Jie Law": "There are many people in the four States of Huai An Army in Changrong, and there are few people in Fushun Supervision in Suining, Tongchuan." This solid memorial provided a reliable basis for the improvement of the imperial policy.

　　Paying attention to observing people’s feelings and advocating investigation and research are important contents of China’s traditional political culture. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, poetry collectors went to various places to "observe customs and know gains and losses". Some people said that the Book of Songs was an ancient investigation report. Guan Zi Wen puts forward dozens of questions to be asked, which is considered as "the oldest and most comprehensive outline of social investigation". All dynasties have established various patrol systems, which play an important role in reaching the next level.

　　Compared with ancient times, today’s means of transportation and communication are more and more developed, and there are more and more channels to obtain information, but the convenience of technology also brings some problems. For example, some cadres would rather sit in the office and read all kinds of data and collect research reports on the Internet than go to the grass-roots level to dip their legs in mud and stand in the field to chat with the people. This kind of "paper" research can’t get the real situation at all, so how can we formulate policies on this basis?

　　Liu Xiang said in Shuo Yuan Zheng Li in the Western Han Dynasty: "What you hear is not as good as what you see, what you see is not as good as what you practice, and what you practice is not as good as what you distinguish by hand." In order to grasp the truth, leading cadres must carry out hands-on investigation and study, and go to the front line to see, listen, ask and think by themselves. This is a working method and an official style.

　　Wen/Zhiqiu

　　Editor/Zhong Qi

　　Dubbing/Jing Xuan

　　Audio Clip/An Xian

　　Poster design/chess

　　Source/People’s Daily, Beijing Daily, etc.

On May 12th, OPPO announced that it would completely terminate the business of its chip design company ZEKU, which also triggered a huge shock in the industry.

There are also different opinions about why Zheku Technology was suddenly dissolved without warning.

The official reason given by OPPO for dissolving Zheku is "the uncertainty of global economy and mobile phone market".

Liu Jun, CEO of Zheku, also said at the last general meeting: "The global economy and mobile phone industry are extremely pessimistic now, and the company’s entire revenue is far from expectations. So in this case,Such a huge investment in chips will be beyond the company’s affordability.So I regret to make an announcement here. After careful discussion, the company decided to shut down Zheku and terminate the chip self-research business. As CEO of Zheku, I couldn’t take this business to the place we wanted to go, and it’s a pity to tell you in this way. At this time, I can only say, I’m sorry, thank all Zheku colleagues, and thank them for their hard work in Zheku over the past four years. "

Indeed, since last year, the global economic situation has declined and the smartphone market has continued to shrink, which has also put tremendous pressure on OPPO.

According to IDC data, in 2022, global smartphone shipments fell by 11.3% year-on-year, and OPPO shipments were 103.3 million units, down by 22.7% year-on-year. Moreover, the smartphone market is still in a downward trend, and the recovery may have to wait until the second half of the year.

From the current point of view,OPPO has been mass-produced and shipped MariSilicon X. Although it has been adopted by the high-end versions of Find X5, X6 and Reno9 series, the shipment volume is still relatively limited, which may not cover its research and development costs.

This also makes the outside world think that it is because Zheku burned too much money (it is rumored that it burned 50 billion yuan in three years, but it is not so much), and the continuous decline of the global economy and smartphone market since last year has brought greater pressure to OPPO. OPPO finally decided to give up.

However, this explanation seems reasonable, but it is puzzling. becauseIn fact, Zheku has spent less than 10 billion yuan in more than three years since its establishment, and OPPO is not short of money now. Even if you think that self-developed chips burn money, it is entirely possible to reduce Zheku’s product line and focus on some areas you need (such as power management chips).

Just in February this year, Liu Zuohu, senior vice president and chief product officer of OPPO, also publicly disclosed the SUPERVOOC S full-link power management chip developed by OPPO, and said that in the future, OPPO and all models with charging power above 100W will be equipped with Supervooc S.

The compensation scheme is very kind and OPPO is not short of money.

Judging from Zheku’s compensation for layoffs, it can be said that it is very generous. The compensation standard for regular employees in China is "N+3", and the base is the total annual salary+bonus+all other income divided by 12. And in May, salary will be paid according to one month, and social security will be paid for employees in May.

Even fresh graduates who fail to report for duty can get compensation of (offer’s monthly salary+bonus /12) *3. It can be said that the whole compensation scheme is very kind.

According to the data, Zheku was established in August 2019, covering product lines including: core application processor, short-range communication, 5G Modem, RF, ISP and power management chip. At present, the team totals about 3000 people.

According to reports, since its establishment, Zheku Technology has always been a big and high-paying poacher, which also makes the average salary of Zheku Technology significantly higher than the industry average.

According to the statistics of the Staff Friends Group, the average salary of Zheku Technology is 44,504 yuan/month, of which 2.3% is 20,000-30,000 yuan, 45.6% is 30,000-50,000 yuan, and 51.1% is above 50,000 yuan.

If calculated according to the average monthly salary of about 45,000, the "N+3" compensation for 3,000 people will exceed 405 million yuan. If you want to calculate the year-end bonus and other income equally in the compensation base, I’m afraid it will be about 500 million yuan.

OPPO said thatAll these compensations will be paid within 5 working days after signing the resignation agreement before May 19th.This also shows that OPPO is not short of money at this stage.

On May 13th, Shen Yiren, former vice president of OPPO, said in the Weibo, "What money can solve is actually not a big problem … … The problem that money cannot solve is the real problem. "

Therefore, the real reason why OPPO suddenly disbanded Zheku Technology is not simply the problem of "money".

How much did Zheku "burn"? Maybe less than 10 billion

As early as the Future Science and Technology Conference in 2019, Chen Mingyong, founder and CEO of OPPO, announced that "50 billion yuan will be invested in R&D to build a technical moat in the next three years", and then OPPO officially launched the Mariana Plan for self-developed chips. This also shows that OPPO has made plans for a protracted war before opening the self-developed chip, and has given sufficient funds.

Although there are many rumors on the Internet that "Zheku burned 50 billion yuan in three years", in fact Zheku may only spend about 10 billion yuan.

Even according to the current scale of 3,000 people, the annual salary consumption is about 2 billion yuan (calculated according to the previous estimate of 500 million yuan for three months).

Although Zheku was established in August 2019, it has been more than three years since it really started to develop chips. The annual salary costs 2 billion yuan, which is about 6 billion yuan in total.

Moreover, the team of 3,000 people has gradually grown up in more than three years. There were not many people at the beginning of the first year, so in fact, the total expenditure on personnel salaries was not 6 billion yuan.

In addition, EDA tools and semiconductor IP needed for chip research and development, as well as chip streaming and mass production are also very expensive.

"The EDA cost of Zheku is about 30 million to 50 million dollars a year."An insider of an American EDA factory revealed to Xinzhixun.

That is to say, in three years, the EDA cost required by Zheku is about 90 million-150 million, which is about 120 million US dollars, or about 835 million RMB.

In terms of streaming cost, the image NPU chip MariSilicon X released by Zheku is based on TSMC’s 6nm process, and the Bluetooth audio SoC chip MariSilicon X is based on TSMC’s N6RF process. In addition, there is a mobile phone AP chip that was previously under development, which is rumored to be based on TSMC’s 4nm process.

According to Xin Zhixun, an insider of a wafer factory knows that the cost of chip streamer is mainly the cost of MASK, which is mainly related to the complexity of chip design. The more metal layers are used, the more mask layers will be, and the higher the cost will be.

Generally speaking, the cost of making a 6nm MASK is about 10 million dollars, and the cost of making a 4nm MASK is about 2,000 dollars.

Because MariSilicon X is a dedicated NPU chip, MariSilicon is an audio SoC, but its complexity is far less than that of mobile phone AP. Therefore, the actual mask cost required for these two chips is expected to be lower.

Even if the conventional cost is estimated, the total cost of the three chips (calculated according to the success of one tape) is about 40 million dollars, or about 278 million yuan.

As for the IP licensing fee required for each chip project, because most of the IP of MariSilicon X and MariSilicon Y are self-developed, the cost of semiconductor IP to be outsourced is not high, which is estimated to be around several million dollars, so let’s calculate 10 million dollars in Dali, which is about 70 million yuan.

The rumored mobile phone AP is a eight nuclear CPU+10-core GPU, which uses Arm’s Cortex-X2+Cortex-A710+Cortex-A510 CPU IP, and the GPU IP should also belong to Arm, which will make the IP cost of this mobile phone AP soar.

According to insiders, the Arm IP cost for such a 4nm AP chip may need 30 to 50 million dollars, and other IP types may also need 30 to 50 million dollars. According to the median calculation, it is about $80 million.

Therefore, the total IP licensing fee for the three chips may be about 90 million dollars, or about 626 million yuan.

Taken together, Zheku’s three-year staff salary, EDA tools needed for chip research and development, the purchase of semiconductor IP, and the cost of chip streaming are probably less than 7.8 billion yuan.

Even if other expenses such as office rent, all kinds of office equipment, test equipment, servers, water and electricity network fees, and supporting employee benefits are included, how to calculate 10 billion yuan should be enough.

Obviously, the expenditure of 10 billion yuan is far from Chen Mingyong’s psychological budget of "investing 50 billion yuan in research and development in three years".

4nm AP slide failed?

For the reason why OPPO gave up Zheku, there are rumors that the 4nm mobile phone AP is too difficult, and the streaming failed. In the future, more money may be needed to succeed, and even if it succeeds, it may not be recognized by the market, so it is decided to give up.

However, an internal employee of Zheku confirmed to Xinzhixun that,This AP has not failed, "bing up and all kinds of follow-up work are being prepared internally". According to the previous forecast, the film will come back in mid-June, and now no film has come back for testing. How do you know it has failed?

Liu Jun, CEO of Zheku, also stressed at the last general meeting:"This decision has nothing to do with the quality of your work."

Obviously, the sudden dissolution of Zheku is not due to the "4nm AP film failure".

The supporting MediaTek 5G baseband was stopped

Although Zheku’s mobile phone AP doesn’t have its own baseband chip, it can realize the 5G communication function by plugging in a third-party 5G baseband chip, just like Apple A series processors.

According to Xin Zhixun’s understanding,This mobile phone AP was originally planned to plug in a 5G baseband chip supplied by MediaTek.

According to an internal employee of Zheku, Xin Zhixun revealed that,Last week, MediaTek was still solving the problems related to Zheku Baseband, and Zheku suddenly announced its dissolution, which also caught the other side off guard.

Because the existing 5G baseband chips in MediaTek cannot be directly used, they need to be customized according to the AP design and needs of Zheku.

People in the semiconductor industry @ 中中中中中中 also broke the news yesterday.Affected by the closure of Zheku, the 5G baseband plan matched with MediaTek also stopped, and the 6nm/4nm RF/AP WIP (work in process) on TSMC production line was also stopped.

As Zheku suddenly announced its closure, the cooperation with MediaTek has been unilaterally terminated, and it is expected that it may also need to pay a large amount of "liquidated damages".

Summary:

Based on the above analysis,The sudden closure of OPPO without warning seems to be not because Zheku’s "burning money" exceeded expectations, nor because OPPO has no money, nor is there a problem with Zheku’s product development.

So, what caused OPPO to suddenly give up developing its own chips and disband the 3,000-person Zheku team at any cost, so that all the efforts of this group of excellent chip designers in China in the past four years were wasted? I am afraid that most of the existing research and development results will also be abandoned.

Duan Yongping, the founder of BBK brand, left a meaningful comment when evaluating the news of Zheku’s closure on snowball:"Correct mistakes as soon as possible, no matter how much it costs."

Duan Yongping’s implication seems to be that the OPPO self-developed chip was a mistake from the beginning, but if it was a mistake from the beginning, why did it take nearly four years to point it out?

In the past two days, many media and analysts have given such views "with hindsight", but why did these people go early?

Generally speaking, there are some "puzzling" places in OPPO’s sudden dissolution of Zheku, especially in the context of the continuous suppression of the domestic semiconductor industry in recent years. It is no wonder that many netizens believe that the main reason is OPPO’s deep "fear" of that "mysterious force".

After all, the mobile phone business is only one of its three major businesses, compared with another company that has been repeatedly hit by "mysterious forces" but has not fallen. OPPO’s business is more single. Once the mobile phone business is affected, there will be no other business to transfuse blood. The "spare tire" is still under development, and of course there is no chance of "turning positive".

However, regarding this view, a Zheku executive told Core Intelligence:"Conspiracy theories cannot be falsified, so people always like to listen."

Finally, I borrow a passage from Wang Zhuo, the head of Zheku baseband and RF department, at the general meeting as the end of this article, and wish my friends who have worked in Zheku a new job in the future and continue to fight for the rise of China Core!

"Zheku no longer exists, so Zheku may be meaningless in itself, but the journey we have traveled together is meaningful. … … As long as we have made efforts, God will surely see it. I believe that all our efforts will not be in vain, and you will definitely see his help to you at some point. "

　　　　For now, young people have set "taking photos" as a benchmark for purchasing. Before buying a mobile phone, look at whether it is double-shot. Secondly, the price should be reasonable enough, not too expensive, and the cheap one is afraid that the user experience is not good enough. There is no face to take it out. In this issue of "Sharp Phone Duel", three dual-camera phones with a price of 2,000 yuan are selected for comparison:,, and they not only have sufficient advantages in "taking photos" and "price", but also have different attainments in other aspects. This article will give you great help if you are afraid of wasting money and want good goods.

　　　　First of all, understand the prices of the next three mobile phones: Youth Edition.　3GB+32GB version costs 1199 yuan, and 4G+32GB version costs 1499 yuan.The 4G+64GB version is 1799 yuan.;　The 2 4GB+32GB version is priced at 1799 yuan, and the 4GB+64GB version is priced at 1999 yuan.The 6G+64GB version is 2299 yuan.; Charm blue Note 6　　3GB+16GB version costs 899 yuan, 3G+32GB version costs 999 yuan, and 4G+32GB version costs 1299 yuan.The 4G+62GB version is 1499 yuan.

　　　　This time, I will make a comprehensive comparison of the appearance, system, photography, performance and battery life of these three flagship machine models, and finally give my own opinions for your reference. Let’s start with the appearance of these three mobile phones.

Appearance: three "idols" with close prices and two full-screen models.

　　　　From the appearance point of view, the three models have obvious differences: small size, plus a full screen up to 75.88% of the screen ratio, even a girl with small hands can feel the thrill brought by the big screen; As Lao Luo said, it is a "sharp foreign body", and the design of double-sided glass body with gold thread around it looks very unique.

　　　　It is very mainstream. Because it came out earlier, it failed to catch up with the comprehensive screen design. It is more simple and generous. Of course, 71.73% of the screen is not inferior to the comprehensive screen mobile phone in terms of visual experience.

　　　　On the front of the mobile phone, the three mobile phones are slightly different. Thanks to the 12-layer optical processing mirror upgraded to version 2.0, the touch feel of the youth version is better. The shallow design of the receiver can effectively prevent dust accumulation, which is very intimate;　2 With the minimalist hidden earpiece design, the front is as smooth and bright as a mirror, without any sag or bulge. The front camera is not placed on the left or right, but innovatively set in the middle, which satisfies Virgo’s "mind" for many years; Breathing light, which is equipped with a response system above Charm Blue Note 6, is unique, and the metal edges around the Home button shine under the illumination of lights.

　　　　On the back of the fuselage, the three mobile phones also have different characteristics, and whoever looks better varies from person to person: Glory 9 Youth Edition doesn’t have much innovation, but more is improvement. Its back of the fuselage is very simple, and the dual camera holder is slightly raised. Thanks to the 12-layer nano-scale process, the overall mirror effect is more beautiful than most mobile phones with double-sided glass body, and the hand feel is also very good after one day’s use.

　　　　The back of Nut Pro 2 inherits the "special" logo design of the previous generation, the circular groove template, and the frosting treatment of the "T" letter, so that you can’t help but touch the center circle when holding the mobile phone, because it is made of glass, so you don’t have to worry about touching off the paint. The double cameras that look like a single shot are an innovative move of hammer technology. The 12 million cameras with a large aperture and the 5 million sub-cameras that have been flattened, and the LED fill light with the same aperture next to them, are very novel. Hammer is a company that likes to dig into details. It is precisely this that the nut series products have turned over so successfully.

　　　　From the back, almost all of them are the shadows of their predecessors: the symmetrical design on the top and the flowing flash on the top. However, Meizu’s industrial design rarely disappoints us. The flash integrated into the antenna belt, the double camera arranged up and down, and the front fingerprint recognition all look very comfortable.

　　　　The design of three mobile phones at the bottom of the front of the fuselage has its own advantages: the bottom of Glory 9 Youth Edition is printed with the exclusive "honor”logo of glory, and the recognition of the mobile phone is very strong. You can recognize that it is HONOR from a distance or a close look at others; Nut Pro 2′ s "flat and narrow" function bar is unique, and the vibration given by pressing is relatively light and cool, which is very good; There is not much to say on the front of Charm Blue Note 6, which is not far from the mainstream 16:9 mobile phone. The design of pressing the mBack Home button with integrated fingerprint is more comfortable and resilient.

　　　　At the bottom of the mobile phone, Glory 9 Youth Edition and Charm Blue Note 6 all adopt the current popular design. From left to right, there are 3.5mm headphone jack, Micro-USB and a row of speakers. The nut Pro 2 is more simple, with the 3.5mm headphone jack removed, the Type-C jack in the middle, symmetrical speaker holes on both sides, and no screw at the bottom. This design adds points to the look and feel of the nut Pro 2.

　　　　Side contrast is also the mainstream of Glory 9 Youth Edition and Charm Blue Note 6. The left SIM card slot design, the right power button and volume button design, while the nut Pro 2 looks a bit "bright", and there is a flash capsule shortcut button on the left. The surrounding Phnom Penh also makes it have enough "hammer features".

　　　　Summarize the design of three mobile phones: Glory 9 Youth Edition double-sided glass design, which belongs to the rounded appearance of the fuselage. Thanks to the comprehensive screen design, it has a greater visual experience in a smaller body size and is suitable for students.

　　　　Nut Pro 2 is different (of course, different doesn’t mean ugly), which keeps the sharp fuselage of the previous generation as a whole, further enhances the smoothness around it, and looks more mature than the previous generation. The four minimalist designs of hidden earpiece, hidden distance+light sensor, hidden double camera and hidden fingerprint recognition are also the unique competitiveness of nut Pro 2 in terms of face value.

　　　　Although Charm Blue Note 6 doesn’t have many features, it feels more neat and square. Although the CNC high-gloss trimming in the last two weeks is somewhat cut, it is relatively firm to hold, and there is no need to cover the silicone case and worry about slipping.

　　　　Of course, turnips and vegetables have their own tastes. I can’t instill my own preferences in the comparison of appearance. I have to say that this one is better than that one, and it is more the user’s own repeated research and pondering to choose his favorite one.

System: Flyme6/EMUI8.0"silky" fluency　　　Smartisan OS 4.1 is innovative.

　　　　There are two major developments in EMUI this year. One is to upgrade EMUI5.0 to EMUI5.1, and the other is to launch EMUI8.0. According to the inertia of glory, the thousand yuan machine is usually equipped with EMUI5.1 system, but it is really gratifying to have EMUI8.0 with conscience. The EMUI8.0 system is greatly optimized and intelligent, which enhances the intelligent experience of users.

　　　　This model supports enhanced F2FS file system, efficiently optimizes system cache and defragmentation, and creatively optimizes the problem of long-term usage of Android system. Built-in Kirin i5 coprocessor in the fuselage can count steps at any time with low power consumption, and the step counting data can be automatically synchronized to the movement. It can be said that it is very intelligent.

　　　　Equipped with Smartisan OS 4.1 with deep customization, the small improvement of many functions is the highlight of the system.

　　　　Smartisan　OS　4.1Including the 1.0 official version of the flash capsule (adding reminders and accessories. One-on-one sharing and other small functions), Big Bang version 2.2 (voice conversion text is added in the editing mode to help users modify the semantic substitution function of typos), and the intelligent sorting function of dragging and dropping the sharing sidebar is added. In appearance, Hammer Technology likes to dig into details, but in the system experience, the practical small function of "grounding gas" still fails to disappoint consumers.

　　　　2017 is not only the first year of full-screen explosion, but also the year of system leap and upgrade. Facing the system optimization of various manufacturers, it is not inferior. This machine is based on the deeply optimized Flyme 6 operating system of Android 7.1.2. Flyme 6 has been comprehensively improved in three aspects: design, function and artificial intelligence. This system further adjusts the main color and UI layout, which is uniform, textured, well-defined and readable, making it dominant in color, andFlyme 6 is the second biggest killer for Charm Blue Note 6 to conquer users after taking photos.

　　　　Flyme　6Based on the user’s scenes, habits, information and content to be sent out, geographical location and other information, Charm Blue R&D team developed a series of analysis engines for the original intelligent thinking engine "One Mind", so that it can learn the user’s operating habits independently, and provide efficient solutions according to the use of scene intelligence to create a smarter and more casual system.

　　　　From the system comparison, the three mobile phones all have their own different characteristics. The youth version tends to be "smart", 2 tends to be "innovative", and Charm Blue Note 6 tends to be "practical". How to choose it depends on the user’s wishes.

Shed pat: the data is a piece of stone, but three pieces are all "gold"　

　　　　Shed shooting is a standard for us to judge taking photos, and it is also a link for evaluating mobile phones. The essence of photos can not be separated from several dimensions, such as resolution, color orientation, white balance, tolerance, etc. Therefore, our evaluation standard starts the standard photo environment, builds a datable photo template, and quantifies the experimental data with the help of Imatest, and finally obtains authentic evaluation results.

　　　　Resolution refers to the ability to distinguish the details of the original object. The better the resolution, the better the control of the details, and the more natural the transition of the details of the picture. There are many ways to test the resolution. Here we choose the linear test method, which has the advantage of being very intuitive and can be observed with the naked eye. We intercept part of the test sample as the test area to test the resolution of three mobile phones.

　　　　It is not difficult to see that the resolution of the camera is slightly excellent, and more details are reserved. All three models are dual-camera phones, and the resolution results are close to the standard of flagship models.

　　　　Shoot the 24 Color Check test card in the tent shooting environment, and get the color deviation δ E and white HSV saturation through Imatest analysis. Color difference ΔE is actually the difference between the measured color and the real color. The bigger the difference, the more serious the color cast.

　　　　It can be seen that the color difference δ E of is the smallest, which is 8.71, followed by. The size of the color difference also shows the different manifestations of the imaging style of the mobile phone from the side. The youth version strives to be true but slightly bleak.Charm blue Note 6The colors presented are brighter and more pleasing to the eye.

　　　　White balance is an index to describe the white accuracy after the mixture of red, green and blue primary colors is generated. Many people will encounter such problems when shooting with digital video cameras: the images taken in the fluorescent lamp room will appear green, the scenery taken under the indoor tungsten filament light will be yellow, and the photos taken in the sunlight shadow will be inexplicably blue, and the reason lies in the "white balance". The value of white balance is as small as possible, so the values of Glory 9 Youth Edition and 2 are the same, slightly better, and Charm Blue Note 6 is also better.

　　　　Dynamic range refers to the brightness range of the subject-the brightness span from the darkest point to the brightest point in the subject. Shoot the gray-scale color card in the tent shooting environment, and calculate and analyze the dynamic range level of the camera through Imatest. The bigger the value here, the better, so we can see that the dynamic range of Glory 9 Youth Edition and Charm Blue Note 6 is better, with the total number reaching 6.31 and the score of Nut Pro 2 reaching 6.03, which is also excellent. All three phones can retain more details from the brightest to the darkest.

　　　　The above data may not intuitively show who is better at taking pictures. After all, according to our Zhongguancun Online standard, they have got a lot of full marks in various tests. Now, mobile phone photography may need to consider whether the film is more pleasing to consumers’ eyes. Then, let’s look at a set of real-life proofs.

Proof: the strength of dual camera is not simple. All three images are satisfactory.

　　　　The front and rear are equipped with 13 million+2 million dual cameras, and the front camera has a maximum aperture of f/2.0. With more layered hardware-level blur, AI private customized beauty, and gesture photography, you can peel off the most dynamic and beautiful pictures at any time.

　　　　The rear main camera has 12 million+5 million pixels, and adopts IMX386 sensor, which has a pixel size of 1.25 μm and a large aperture of f/1.8. This sensor is quite famous and has been used in many flagship machines.

　　　　It is also a "famous camera". Its camera with 12 million+5 million dual cameras, f/1.9 aperture and PDAF phase focusing has a good imaging effect. Let’s enjoy the proofs together:

caption

　　　　Generally speaking, the three dual-camera performances are of the same price and higher level. First, the youth version has more accurate resolution and more realistic colors, which is closer to the scenery seen by human eyes. The color of 2 is more beautiful, and the perception is more pleasing to the eye, and when shooting at night, both the control of background purity and the noise treatment of lighting show the flagship charm; The overall shooting performance of Charm Blue Note 6 is not weak. Whether it is day or night, the details are handled in place.

Performance: play well. The other two items need to be improved.

　　　　In this part, we will have a most detailed comparison from CPU, GPU and the overall running score through three mainstream running scores. This test is the most objective confrontation, and a high score means strong performance. In addition, I will also test the fluency of these three models when running large-scale games respectively.

　　　　The HiSilicon Kirin 659 eight nuclear processor is adopted. This processor is an upgraded version of Kirin 650, and the highest frequency can reach 2.36GHz. Due to the 16nm process, this processor is particularly excellent in power consumption and heat generation, which can bring a stronger performance experience.

　　　　　2 equipped with Snapdragon 660 mobile platform, this processor must be familiar to most mobile phone enthusiasts. It is worth mentioning that,Snapdragon 660 mobile platform is the first time to introduce HVX (Vector Extension) based on the whole DSP processing in Snapdragon 600 series, which can provide very large throughput and handle a lot of operation work at a faster speed, which has great applications in graphics processing, computer vision and neural networks.

　　　　Qualcomm Snapdragon 625 mobile platform is used, and the graphics processor is Adreno 506. This chip has eight cores, the highest frequency is 2.0GHz, and it adopts 14 nm process technology, so it has sufficient performance and low power consumption. Since the Youth Edition does not support the installation of Geekbench 4 for the time being, there is no comparison of this item for the time being.

　　　　I believe that many netizens usually measure the performance of mobile phones by running scores. However, if we objectively evaluate the comprehensive experience of mobile phones, it is of little significance to run points. Because when running a score, the processor usually tries its best to brush the score. However, in daily use scenarios, in order to control the balance between performance and power consumption, the performance of the processor will be limited. For example, when running scores, eight cores may rush to brush scores together, while the daily operation state may be "one core works and seven cores watch".

　　　　Let’s talk about the significance of running score software. The function of running score software is to quantify the performance and show the peak performance of a chip in the form of digital score, which is simpler and easier to understand than technical terms. Here, we need to pay attention to a word: "peak performance". Yes, most running score software measures the peak performance, that is, the ultimate performance of the chip, but it may not work so hard in daily use.

　　　　Therefore, although the three models didn’t get high running score data, they still won a large number of users to buy and use with their perfect system optimization and stable thermal control.

Endurance: Charging "off the charts" has good endurance.

　　　　　　　　The endurance test is divided into two parts. The first part is the charging test. The author starts charging three models from 0% at the same time, and records the power every 5 minutes for a total of 30 minutes. The second part is endurance test, which adopts Zhongguancun online 5-hour heavy use model. The test results are as follows.

　　　　As you can see, of the three mobile phones, 2Support QuickCharge 3.0 fast charging,Half an hour is the fastest charging speed, charging 50% of the power, followed by Charm Blue Note 6, charging 35% in half an hour, which needs to be improved.

　　　　The power consumption test results are obvious, and the low energy consumption advantage of Snapdragon 625 equipped with Charm Blue Note 6 is revealed.Actually, 59% of the power remained, which greatly exceeded my expectation for this mobile phone. I didn’t expect Meizu to control the power consumption of Snapdragon 625 so well, and this achievement is also the top level in our database.

summary

　　　　After reading the comparison of the three thousand yuan double cameras in this issue, I don’t seem to have clearly ranked the total accurately. Generally speaking, the three thousand yuan double cameras have sufficient characteristics and advantages.

　　　　If you are value-controlled, and have no high pursuit of performance, Youth Edition is your best choice; If you are more inclined to "features" and are keen on the small design and functions of mobile phones, Nut Pro 2 will give you a heart-warming feeling; The economy is not affluent, and just like having a practical, beautiful-looking, non-card mobile phone, Charm Blue Note 6′ s high cost performance beckons to you.

　　"Build a 100-billion-level AI (artificial intelligence) large-scale model technology system, create financial image character recognition products, and realize batch credit granting and digitalization of the whole process after lending …" In the 2023 annual report published by listed banks, in addition to the business performance indicators that have attracted much attention from the market, the financial technology investment of many banks increased year-on-year, the digital transformation and upgrading progressed steadily, and the exploration of large-scale model technology research and development and application scenarios increased significantly, laying a solid foundation for writing a big article on digital finance.

　　Digital transformation has achieved initial results.

　　The disclosed annual reports of listed banks in 2023 show that more than half of the banks have achieved a year-on-year increase in financial technology investment. From the perspective of the "big four banks", the investment amounts of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank in 2023 reached 27.246 billion yuan, 24.85 billion yuan, 22.397 billion yuan and 25.024 billion yuan respectively, up by 3.9%, 7.06%, 3.97% and 7.45% year-on-year.

　　In terms of joint-stock banks, in 2023, two banks invested more than 10 billion yuan in financial technology. China Merchants Bank invested 14.126 billion yuan in science and technology, although it decreased slightly by 0.3% year-on-year, but it is still the institution with the largest amount of investment among joint-stock banks. CITIC Bank’s investment in financial technology reached 12.153 billion yuan, up 38.91% year-on-year, and it was the listed bank with the largest year-on-year growth.

　　"As a key force to promote the digital transformation of banks, financial technology is in an important strategic position in most listed banks. However, at present, the development of digital technology itself and its application in the financial industry require more research and exploration, and it is necessary to increase investment in financial technology. " Lou Feipeng, a researcher at China Postal Savings Bank, said that it is of positive significance for the banking industry to accelerate the digital transformation by increasing investment, so as to enhance its own market competitiveness and service level.

　　With the increasing investment in financial technology, many banks have made remarkable achievements in the digitalization process in 2023, especially in the key field of scene construction.

　　According to the annual report of ICBC, around the goal of "Digital ICBC", we will speed up the construction of a digital financial service system that is compatible with the modern economic system, and innovate a new model of digital financial development with the main line of building a platform, improving capabilities, expanding scenarios and building ecology. In 2023, digital business accounted for more than 99%. Relying on corporate online banking and mobile banking, we will build a digital financial service platform that integrates e-cloud, and launch services such as specialized and special new service areas and Pratt & Whitney areas for exclusive customers to provide customers with ecological services that cover the integration of financial and business scenarios.

　　China Merchants Bank increased its investment in science and technology, comprehensively promoted digital remodeling around online, data-based, intelligent, platform-based, ecological and so on, gradually established an ecological circle of financial services, and explored the application of artificial intelligence scenarios. Intelligent applications have replaced more than 17,000 full-time manpower in intelligent customer service, process intelligence, quality inspection, conch RPA+ (robot process automation) and other scenarios.

　　Many banks mentioned in their annual reports that they should improve their technology and finance system by optimizing their organizational structure. For example, Industrial Bank set up a digital operation department, actively explored new modes of digital operation, and strived to get through the "last mile" from digitalization to productivity; China Postal Savings Bank optimized and adjusted the organizational structure of the information technology section of the head office, and renamed the Information Technology Management Committee under the senior management as the Financial Technology Committee; Reorganize the Information Technology Management Department and the Financial Technology Innovation Department into the Financial Technology Department; Rename the data center as an operational data center, promote the transformation of science and technology governance structure, and strengthen the overall leading role of information technology.

　　Accelerate the application of large model technology

　　In 2023, with the big model tsunami wave set off by ChatGPT sweeping the world, AI big model technology has become the focus of exploration and layout in many industries, and banking is no exception.

　　The reporter noted that six large state-owned banks and a number of joint-stock banks such as CITIC, China Merchants and Xingye disclosed the research and development and application of the big model field in the 2023 annual report. AI big model technology may become an "accelerator" for the digital transformation of financial institutions.

　　China Construction Bank mentioned in its annual report that it will continue to strengthen research on key core technologies. Independent research and development of artificial intelligence platform, and form a comparative advantage in the fields of computer vision and intelligent voice, and implement the "Ark Plan". The big data platform covers over 30,000 physical nodes, and the foundation of data governance is further consolidated. The annual report of Agricultural Bank of China revealed that relying on the artificial intelligence innovation laboratory, the functions of pre-research and incubation of large-scale model technology, online answer recommendation of customer service knowledge base and auxiliary search of knowledge base were accelerated.

　　CITIC Bank has built a CITIC big model platform with integrated software and hardware, completed the deployment of a 100 billion-level open source big model, and explored scenarios such as landing code generation and intelligent operation. China Merchants Bank seized the opportunity of certainty of the big language model to develop the construction and application of the big language model. On the one hand, we actively strengthen the construction of large models, introduce large models with 100 billion parameters, tune, train and adapt the scenes in the industry with our own corpus, follow up the development of open source large model technology, and develop large models with 100 billion parameters in professional scenes. On the other hand, explore the application of big model in retail, wholesale, middle and back office. At the same time, build a large model experience platform, access to a number of domestic mainstream large models.

　　In the view of Wu Dan, a researcher at China Banking Research Institute, at present, banks have increased their application and exploration of big model technology, and strengthening their customer service capabilities with financial technology empowerment is conducive to enhancing the core competitiveness and customer attraction of banking business. In the context of the current narrowing of net interest margin, it is also beneficial for banks to accelerate the pace of digital transformation and enhance their non-interest business capabilities such as smart investment and care, and to seize market share and enhance profit margins.

　　"The smart big model has strong data capture, text understanding and calculation and analysis capabilities, which can improve the existing service quality and efficiency of banking institutions on the basis of deeply tapping the potential value of big data." Wu Dan said that it is very important for the banking industry to accelerate the research, development and application of technologies in the field of big models, which is also the key link to do a good job in digital finance.

　　Broad space for development

　　In recent years, financial management departments have promoted the digitalization process of China’s financial industry as a whole, and taken various measures to encourage the innovation and application of financial technology to enhance the efficiency of financial services to the real economy. In January 2022, the People’s Bank of China issued the Financial Science and Technology Development Plan (2022-2025), which proposed to promote the digital transformation of finance with high quality and improve the modern financial system adapted to the development of digital economy.

　　On January 26th of the same year, the former General Office of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued the Guiding Opinions on the Digital Transformation of Banking and Insurance Industry, proposing that by 2025, the digital transformation of banking and insurance industry will achieve remarkable results. Digital financial products and services have been widely popularized, financial innovation based on data assets and digital technology has been practiced in an orderly manner, the development ability of personalized, differentiated and customized products and services has been significantly enhanced, and the quality and efficiency of financial services have been significantly improved.

　　In the field of securities, in June, 2023, China Securities Industry Association issued the Three-year Improvement Plan for Network and Information Security of Securities Companies (2023-2025), encouraging qualified brokers to make full use of new technologies to actively promote the construction of a new generation of core systems and carry out the transformation and upgrading of the technical framework of core systems, and clearly stated that the average investment in information technology of brokers should not be less than 10% of the average net profit or 7% of the average operating income from 2023 to 2025.

　　Experts believe that under the background of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the in-depth development of industrial transformation, deepening digital transformation is an inevitable choice for the financial industry to practice the innovation-driven development strategy. Under the continuous guidance of policies, financial institutions will continue to increase the exploration of digital applications represented by large-scale model technology.

　　The Report on the Application of Generative AI in Financial Industry in 2024 jointly released by Tsinghua University Institute of Economics and Management and Du Xiaoman shows that financial institutions can carry out more product innovation, provide more effective credit support, underwriting claims and market financing for the real industry, release huge financial data value, improve the financial service level of the real economy, and promote the innovative development of financial institutions themselves, and move towards the ranks of powerful financial institutions.

　　For the banking industry, Wu Dan suggested that the digital transformation of the banking industry should focus on intelligent, personalized, universal and other key directions. Using AI technology to accurately identify customer needs and provide flexible and diverse personalized services is conducive to improving customer experience and customer stickiness. Use financial technology to extend financial inclusiveness and provide more convenient financial services for small and micro enterprises at a lower cost.

　　"It is expected that the banking industry will make better use of data elements, improve the infrastructure of digital finance development, enrich the application of digital finance scenarios, and increase the exploration and practice of digital finance development security, so that digital finance can empower technology and finance, green finance, inclusive finance and pension finance to better meet economic and social development and people’s demand for high-quality financial services." Yan Feipeng said. (Economic Daily reporter Ma Chunyang)

Image source: the idea of the worm

During the global COVID-19 epidemic, the e-commerce market in almost all European countries showed a very significant growth trend. Although the epidemic situation in Europe has been obviously controlled and offline physical commerce has picked up, with the impact of another wave of epidemic outbreaks after winter, many places in Europe have been blocked again, and the level of physical shopping is still not optimistic.

How can we target customers? This requires you to have a certain understanding of the characteristics of overseas customers and the development of overseas e-commerce, and on this basis, master the way to search for overseas target customers. Next, let’s take stock of the e-commerce market trends in various countries around the world.

I. Russia

Market overview:

The characteristics of Russian Internet are: late start, rapid development, and large age span of net names. Russian netizens are mainly distributed in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Due to the lack of large clothing stores and incomplete clothing models, the online purchasing power of medium-sized cities is relatively high. Female users account for 60%, mostly aged from 25 to 38. They buy a variety of goods, among which clothing and shoes are more popular.

Demand characteristics:

The temperature difference is large and it is cold in winter. Commodities such as hats, gloves, scarves, long fur coats and short fur coats are necessities of life.

Russians love sports, and sports are an indispensable part of life, which leads to the hot sale of sports goods.

Be infatuated with holidays. The beach is the first choice for Russians to spend their holidays, so the articles needed for beach holidays, such as swimsuits and sandals, are selling well.

Russians are tall, and there is a great demand for large-size clothes.

Price accounts for a large proportion in Russian online shopping decisions, and the price factor is very important. The quality and brand of goods are equally important to them.

Second, Brazil

Market overview:

Brazil is an emerging market for cross-border e-commerce competition, mainly due to its good e-commerce infrastructure, rapid development of logistics and payment platforms, and its vast territory. In recent years, the Brazilian government has made great efforts to build e-commerce infrastructure, which has accelerated the development of e-commerce.

Demand characteristics:

Characteristics of buyers: The buyers in Brazil are basically white-collar workers, aged 25-36, with college education or above, medium English level and 3-4 years of cross-border online shopping experience.

Demand preference: For Brazilian buyers, cheap price and fashionable style are the most important. Category preference is clothing, accessories, shoes and bags, beauty products, toys and 3C accessories.

Style preference: Brazilian buyers love American country style and simple style, like tight-fitting and figure-showing clothes, and like exaggerated and colorful accessories. They pursue the texture of goods, and sellers should pay attention to the effect of pictures.

III. Spain

Market overview:

Whether it is domestic e-commerce or cross-border electronic commerce, Spain is the most potential country in Europe. Spanish consumers are more inclined to shop online than in physical stores. More than half of Spanish online consumers have the experience of shopping from foreign online stores, making Spain a profitable cross-border e-commerce market.

Demand characteristics:

Characteristics of the buying crowd. The ratio of male to female buyers in Spain is average, and the age of buyers is concentrated between 16 and 34 years old, mainly students and office workers. Spanish buyers do not have a very high ability to pay, so they are more concerned about the price of goods.

Shopping habits. Most Spanish buyers are used to browsing and shopping on their desktops, and they mostly buy goods through keyword search. Before buying, they will compare the prices of the whole station and refer to the favorable comments.

Special needs. In selling goods in Spain, sellers must attach a size table to clothes and other goods in addition to complete sizes.

Fourth, France

Market overview:

France is a big trading country in the world, and its total import and export volume ranks fifth in the world. At the beginning of 2016, the growth rate of total e-commerce sales was 10 times that of French business as a whole. Since 2015, the number of people using mobile phones to shop online in France has increased rapidly. Now, 72% of the goods sold by e-commerce are sold through mobile terminals.

Demand characteristics:

Time of purchase. Because of Christmas, November and December are the hottest months for e-commerce sales. Usually, 63% of the French will shop online during this period.

Demand category. Due to the relatively developed tourism industry in France, what the French buys most online are tourism, services, culture and clothing.

Purchase interface preferences. The product details page should pay attention to the richness of the pictures in addition to the French copy in the pictures.

V. Britain

Market overview:

The British government has always supported the development of e-commerce, so British e-commerce is in the leading position in European and American countries. Britain, Germany and France are the most popular import destinations for cross-border electronic commerce in Europe. Such a good development trend of e-commerce in the UK is due to the increase in the Internet access rate of the British public and the improvement of Internet access conditions. In terms of the price and choice of Internet access services, the UK is more competitive than most other European countries.

Demand characteristics:

Price. British consumers will spend a lot of time comparing the same type of goods. In most cases, the price of goods is the decisive factor in their marketing purchase behavior.

Demand preference. With the acceleration of product updating, social media and fashion shows can always trigger fashion trends and product demand. At the same time, members of the British royal family also play a significant role in promoting the sales of fashion goods.

Sixth, the United States

Market overview:

The United States is the earliest and fastest developing country of e-commerce in the world, and its e-commerce application field and development scale are ahead of other countries. The United States has the largest number of large-scale e-commerce platforms in the world, and the user activity of the platforms is also the highest in the world. The main reason is that the good infrastructure and sufficient consumer groups in the United States make the online B2C sales in the United States show a steady upward trend. The United States has a strong Internet economy, more individuals are willing to integrate into this economic system, and local netizens have a very strong sense of sharing and innovation, so the sales of C2C are also increasing year by year.

Demand characteristics:

Consumption habits. Americans basically don’t save money and like to overdraw.

Living habits. Americans live in the present, enjoy life and pay attention to spiritual consumption, such as exercise, fitness, health preservation, tourism and nutrition. Americans will spend a lot of money on fitness, outdoor sports, health care and nutrition. Therefore, the market of fitness products and outdoor products in the United States is hot, and key products are selling well. This is closely related to the living habits of Americans.

Brand demand. Americans attach great importance to brands. Americans believe that brands are the guarantee of quality. They would rather choose high-priced brands than cheap goods without brands. Packaging occupies a large proportion in the hearts of Americans. In their eyes, the quality of packaging and goods is equal. Good goods must have good packaging, otherwise there will be a gap in their shopping experience.

VII. Germany

Market overview:

Germany is the fifth largest e-commerce market in the world and the second largest e-commerce market in Europe. Its Internet penetration rate (93%), the proportion of online shopping consumers (83%) and the average online shopping expenditure (1355) are higher than the European average. Whether it is the number of online buyers or the average annual cost of each buyer, Germany’s ranking is higher than the European average. Its market features mainly include: broad market growth, high consumption level, supporting force, perfect logistics system guarantee experience, customers’ pursuit of quality and high profit rate.

Demand characteristics:

Germans prefer German websites and bank transfers;

Germans prefer German websites and bank transfers: fashion and clothing, electronic products and books are in great demand.

German consumers are keen on online shopping, ranking first in consumer preference with convenient door-to-door service, followed by 24-hour shopping, more convenient online shopping, lower online shopping price, wider choice of online shopping products, easier comparison of goods and smoother online shopping process.

Germans are not impulsive in shopping, and the proportion of consumers who miss physical stores is low.

Eight, Japan

Market overview:

Japan is the third largest economy in the world and the fourth largest e-commerce market. Thanks to the high network coverage in Japan, mobile shopping has become the mainstream. Although it started late in the field of cross-border e-commerce, it has the characteristics of rapid development, high maturity and strong systematization, and has gradually become an important cross-border e-commerce market. Its good development trend has had a profound impact on the surrounding pattern. Moreover, as a world economic power, Japan has undoubtedly become a huge potential consumer market.

Demand characteristics:

High brand loyalty, attention to detail quality;

The network coverage is very high, and mobile phone shopping has become the mainstream;

The purchase behavior is influenced by the season and weather environment (such as rain boots, raincoats, earthquake-proof products);

Enthusiastic about western festivals;

I like to participate in holiday promotion activities.

Preference characteristics:

Toys, hobbies and DIY products;

Furniture and household appliances;

Food and personal care;

Electronic products and media products;

Fashion supplies

(Source: Bean Packet Cross-border Digital Finance)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s cross-border position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author. ?

　　On December 28th, Cainiao.com and Tmall announced the 2017 China Consumer Economy Ranking, which showed the active zone of online shopping in China (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) according to the package flow in a year. Among thousands of districts and counties (including all kinds of new districts), Shanghai Pudong ranks first in the country in terms of package inflow and has become the most active region in consumer economy.

　　Interestingly, in some areas that were considered as "ghost towns" in the past, such as Erdos, the parcel growth rate has far exceeded the average level in the past year, which shows an obvious population inflow trend.

　　Packages in Pudong rank first, and Guangdong ranks the most.

　　The rookie data shows that the status of first-tier cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen leading China’s consumer economy is still unshakable. Among the regions with the largest inflow of parcels, Pudong New Area in Shanghai ranks first. Followed by Shenzhen Baoan District, Beijing Chaoyang District, Guangzhou Baiyun District, Shenzhen Longgang District, Beijing Haidian District, Shanghai Minhang District, Guangzhou Tianhe District, Guangzhou Panyu District and Foshan Nanhai District.

　　Among the ten districts and counties in the first camp of consumption power, Guangdong has the largest number of regions on the list, accounting for 6 seats, and Beijing and Shanghai each have 2 seats.

　　From the perspective of counties, the consumption economy in major first-and second-tier cities in China is still unbalanced. Taking Beijing as an example, Chaoyang District and Haidian District receive the largest amount of parcels, while Yanqing District receives the smallest amount of parcels. The number of parcels in Chaoyang District is 36 times that in Yanqing District.

　　In Shenzhen, the number one Baoan District is 31 times that of Yantian District. However, the consumption balance of districts and counties in Shanghai and Hangzhou is obviously better than that of Beijing and Shenzhen. The amount of parcels in Pudong is 17 times that of Chongming, and that in Jianggan District of Hangzhou is 13 times that of Chun ‘an County.

　　Guangzhou, which has been questioned whether it is still a "first-tier city", should be proud of the balance of consumption power in its districts and counties. The highest parcel volume in Baiyun District is 12.4 times that in Luogang District, which reflects the coordinated development between districts and counties.

　　With the rise of consumption in the central and western regions, the ability of students to "chop hands" is amazing.

　　In addition to the first-tier cities in the first echelon, with the extension of logistics infrastructure and the improvement of logistics efficiency, the activity of consumer economy in the central and western regions has also increased significantly. Among the top 20 districts and counties in the country in terms of parcel collection, Hongshan District of Wuhan entered the list.

　　Among the top 100 counties in China, Yanta District of Xi ‘an, Yubei District of Chongqing, Wuhou District of Chengdu, Yuelu District of Changsha, Qingxiu District of Nanning, xiaodian district of Taiyuan and Guandu District of Kunming are all consumer star areas in the central and western regions.

　　Interestingly, the consumption power of Xinjiang and parts of Tibet is even stronger than that of counties in first-tier cities. For example, in Xinshi, Shayibak, Tianshan and Shuimogou districts of Urumqi, Xinjiang, Korla City of Bayinguoleng Prefecture, Yining City of Yili Prefecture, Shihezi City of Xinjiang, changji city of Changji Prefecture, Karamay District of Karamay City, Chengguan District of Lhasa, Tibet, the number of parcels received in the past year was higher than that in Yanqing District of Beijing.

　　From the data released by the rookie, we can also find that the consumption power of the student group is amazing. Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Zhejiang Media College, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, China Communication University, Guangzhou University, China Shiyou University, Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology and other universities are among the top.

　　In areas where colleges and universities are concentrated, the purchasing power of students directly promotes the ranking of the whole district and county to rise. Yuelu District of Changsha, Hongshan District of Wuhan and Wuhou District of Chengdu are not the first economic districts and counties in their cities, but they occupy the first place in their respective cities by virtue of the consumption power of colleges and universities.

　　The number of parcels confirms the influx of people, and a number of "ghost towns" have been uncapped.

　　Through the flow data of parcels, we can see that the areas that used to bear the title of "ghost town" are gradually getting rid of this hat.

　　According to the rookie, the parcel data in some new districts directly reflect the number of residents, while the growth trend of parcels reflects the inflow of population. Judging from the absolute number of parcels and the growth rate, some so-called "ghost towns" are no longer established.

　　It is understood that from the data in recent years, the average level of parcel volume growth in districts and counties is about 5-7 times. However, many "ghost towns" that have been questioned before have far exceeded the average package growth rate.

　　Representatives of ghost towns proposed by the media — — Taking Chenggong New District of Kunming as an example, the number of parcels in 2017 increased by ten times compared with five years ago, and it also increased by nearly 40% compared with 2016, ranking fourth among 14 districts and counties in Kunming, and has already taken off the "ghost town" hat.

　　In Erdos, another famous "ghost town", rookie data shows that the number of parcels has increased by more than 30% within one year, and consumption activity has exploded.

　　In addition, typical "ghost towns" such as Zhengdong New District in Zhengzhou City, Guanshanhu District in Guiyang City and Xinbei District in Changzhou City have also ensured the above-average parcel growth rate, which also reflects the population growth rate above average.

　　Attachment: Top 100 Districts and Counties of China Consumer Economy (Top 20)

　　The ranking of parcel heat in Beijing is: Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Fengtai District, Changping District, Tongzhou District, Daxing District, Xicheng District, Dongcheng District, Shunyi District, Fangshan District, Shijingshan District, Miyun District, Huairou District, Mentougou District, Pinggu District and Yanqing District.

　　The ranking of package heat in Shanghai is: Pudong New Area, Minhang District, Baoshan District, Songjiang District, Jiading District, Xuhui District, Putuo District, Qingpu District, Yangpu District, Jing ‘an District, Changning District, Fengxian District, Hongkou District, Huangpu District, Jinshan District and Chongming County.

　　The ranking of package heat in Guangzhou is: Baiyun District, Tianhe District, Panyu District, Haizhu District, Huadu District, Yuexiu District, Zengcheng District, Liwan District, Huangpu District, Nansha District, Conghua District and Luogang District.

　　The ranking of parcel heat in Shenzhen is: Baoan District, Longgang District, Nanshan District, Futian District, Luohu District, Longhua New District and Yantian District.

　　The ranking of package heat in Hangzhou is: Jianggan District, Yuhang District, Xiaoshan District, Xihu District, Binjiang District, Gongshu District, Xiacheng District, Fuyang District, Shangcheng District, Lin ‘an District, Tonglu City, jiande city and Chun ‘an County.